Contemporary Islamic Studies Magazine

Studies that are looking for a religious or philosophical foundations of social phenomena in studies of the times the task because it is at least revealing the role of reason in knowledge building individual and collective behavior (Susulogia religion).
The hurricane hits the mind of Knowledge Islamic at the present time is the emergence of the problems of intolerance and exclusion, and behaviors of violence and the use of force as a means of publication of the invitation, or a means of revenge against the West, or against their fellow citizens of the Muslims who - do not abide by what he sees extremists thought or behavior as (( religion)). whether they are non-Islamists, or even of religious Muslims, but the paths are not necessarily the conduct of the militants.
To search for this phenomenon, which is a hotbed of tension local at the level of Islamic countries and armed conflicts, and indiscriminate killings and political conflict, which take the means is justified in the use of force, may spread until it became a regional phenomenon spread in the Middle East prevalent cross-border international cycle, the entire region is threatened by an earthquake of security required to devote much of their revenues in the areas of maintaining the security of the communities rather than to direct these funds for development and infrastructure ...
Did not stop at that but exceeded to that the issues of intolerance and tension violent and one of the international problems, especially after the events of September / 2001 and the subsequent invasion of Afghanistan and Iraq, and as a result, the practices were not not for the spread of this type of deal, so that Muslims in America, despite all the policies fusion are exposed to many of the discrimination to say some statistics that 65% of the sample reconnaissance was of the view that Islam is a religion calls his followers to violence and that the owners of this trend is increasing, especially with the wave of Christian Zionists, and the wave of neo-conservative Evangelists.
One of the assets that take a religious way of exclusion and the letter of religious cleansing is the saved group interview, it has become the talk of the important religious foundations on which to base campaigns bickering takfir and delusions, and essentially a religious justification for the loss of life campaigns.
Because of this exploitation of this talk made him widespread in the books of the modern and the interpretation and doctrines and the difference and the debates and the history books and biographies ... etc. Although the origins of his novel on the standards of the people of the novel significantly lower than the famous trading in the books of Islamic Culture Power Plant all, what did not mention the book by stating find reference to the content, or depending on its meaning.
For this effect of I find it necessary to stand on this talk from blogs that have mentioned, the statement of plentiful versus isnads basic ((even clear how to use this text for political purposes)) and then display the men grounds, as a precursor to judge the reliability of the breasts and then move to the analysis of texts multiple problems and this modern intellectual and Streptococcus arising out of it, and reveal some of the attempts of political and lumpy investment for this talk

Of topics of major concern in the field of cognitive-called (Cultural Studies) a subject or a phenomenon of cultural difference, and therefore we have chosen to be the subject N_khash study and research because we are in the new democratic Iraq in desperate need for a culture of difference and in order to improve our society to the level of democratic societies.

Promote this research after this introduction include the lighting of the term basis (cultural difference), followed by three sections:
First section deals with the dialogue between cultures.
The second section deals with the concept of difference in Islam.
Section III addresses the dialectic of difference and tolerance.
Then follows this summary of the most important of the three detectives search results Fjrd margins of research and finally found references research.

Occupied the subject of disagreement a large area in the size of the studies and writings and research of intellectual, cultural, religious, international, Arab and Islamic, and especially after the emergence of globalization and the spread of means of communication and revolution, technological, information and knowledge the Great, which invaded the whole world, which transcended the geographical boundaries of the States, trying to find the unity of mankind falls under the thought and one culture, despite the geographical differences, sexual, national, linguistic and intellectual in the nature of man.
We are not concerned here to give the position of globalization or statement mindsets around, as far as we mean a statement interesting thinkers and intellectuals today, the idea of ​​difference, this idea that we are in a dire need to study, awareness and adoption and the statement of philosophy, both marked with the positive, which means (diversity and multiplicity, transformation and change), or the negative side, which means (the lack of agreement and disagreement and conflict) Konya and intellectually.
The difference is known as the Year of the cosmic and divine laws of God Almighty in His creation, as indicated by the verses of the Qur'an-precious stones, and the hadiths of the Noble Messenger and the Imams of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them companions).
Different years and the will of a divine cosmic static in nature and human beings, do not have a switch does not convert, was safe and the work of this year, all human beings in different religions, languages, ideas and their nationalities.

This belief in this idea proved by the fact the difference as a year of divine in all aspects of life, including human existence, and the other refutes the view that the difference value of a negative or a face from the faces of cracks, diversity and change in the panel of the universe, but on the contrary, exactly, this difference is a manifestation of beauty and perfection and creativity, after the revelations of God in His creation, and a way cognitive ways of knowing and faith by the Almighty. and ways of faith in God Almighty multiple and different as far as breath of creatures also said the people of wisdom and knowledge, as witnessed by the sacred text: He says :
1 {in the alternation of night and day, and God created the heavens and the earth are signs for those of assured Faith} Yunus / verse 6
2 {And among His Signs created the heavens and the earth and the difference of your languages ​​and your colors in this are Signs for those worlds} Rum / verse 22
3 {, and men and beasts and cattle, as well as different colors, but fear Allah among His slaves that Allah is Mighty, Forgiving} Fatir / verse 28
4 {Mankind was but one nation Fajtlfoa Were it not for the word before from thy Lord, with that which is different from Sura Younis} / verse 19
5 {God judge between you on the Day of Resurrection concerning that wherein ye differ} Al Hajj / verse 69

There are many Quranic verses and hadiths that emphasize the importance of difference and the reason and wisdom of diversity, at all fields and levels.
Moreover, the common sense believe the difference, but in favor of and calls for the difference Moda to diversity and plurality, and renounce and warns of difference leading to the collision, conflict and conflict falsehood leads to division and fragmentation, wars, and stay away from the path of God, and damage to the servants and the country at all times and places.
There are many intellectuals and scholars who have studied and analyzed and discussed the difference in their writings and theories of religious, intellectual, and in this research has been the election of three of the thinkers contemporary Muslims who fought in the matter and dismissed to say it, namely both the gentlemen scientists Mohammad Hossein Tabatabai (19011982 m), and Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr (1933 1980), and Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim (1939 2003 m).
Have discussed these scientists the idea of ​​different religious through Quranic verses multi-existing in the Holy Quran, in their books, and has found that there are two differences: one positive and one negative, and both years of the ways of God's creation in nature and humans alike, but it remains the difference is too large between the difference leading to the building and reform, and the other leading to conflict and conflict, and they see that true religion is the best way to organize human society and the reduction of the conflict situation and the difference negative, the fact that the debt balance between the subjective individual and the social aspect of the year, but does not neglect the at the expense of the other side , but both achieve the stability of human life on earth.
In our search we will discuss the following paragraphs:

A different language.
2 difference in the Koran.
3 the difference in the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad and the Imams of Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them companions)
4 views of Muhammad Hussain Tabatabai and Mohammad Baqir al-Sadr, Muhammad Baqir al-Hakim in the difference.
5 Notes and the results and recommendations.

Allah (be praised) choose 'The Woman' and gave her a very special and beautiful characteristic which is planted and grow in her own being with the years of her age, it is the gift of Motherhood. However some women deprived of this gift according to a divine will. So their share in this life is to be sterile. The drastic spread of this phenomenon in the last few decades ; especially in Iraq in which sterility spread among both sexes because of the pollution which afflicts the country as a result of the reoccurring wars, a matter which acquired new, successful, and quick solutions.
Womb renting (or the stepmother) is one solution that comes out on the stage. The western world precedes the eastern world in the study of the necessity of this means to know its legality, and its medical effects on the infant genes and whether the contract between the two sides has a legal origin or not.
To answer these questions this research comes to have two sections:
Section One: the 'How' of Womb Renting, which includes four requirements:
The identification of "Renting" linguistically and terminologically.
The identification of "Womb" linguistically, terminologically, and its shape.
The reasons to have this operation.
The names of the Rented Womb and its images.
Section two: the law of Womb Renting and its effects.

Perhaps the fact that Islam, in my view, the religion of legislation and the life, and the religion of thought and civilization, which means the presence of clear signs and signals evidence in the text of the Quran to ensure women's rights and freedom, according to the concept of participation sometimes; and sometimes according to the concept of parity, being equal with men in poses text of words and concepts, and the verses and sayings in existence, life and being and the origin of the configuration, and behavior and worship, and in the judgment and sentence, and in the state and society and commissioning including connection with the affairs of religion and the world, at all, and generalization in terms of pronunciation or to the selection and customization label and description, is not the only form of recall only, and to denote the fact that the position of women was not a follower, or depending on the position of the man, in apparent reference to the woman's personality and uniqueness about the man in the position and opinion and in practice and feeling, as it does not verify the report and indoctrination in the Qur'anic text without it, ie, according to the concept of concordance between women and men . Besides naming those rights and ensure the right to life (and if Moadh asked what sin she was killed) (1) the right to education (anthropology did not know what) (2) the right choice (the right to marry) of the right man (and woman believing that to devote herself to the Prophet) (3 ") and provided its consent to the marriage and not to the right of her guardian married her who does not want to or without her permission and consent, and the assignment of returning to her husband, who divorced her consent and satisfaction and the conviction and Fdaaha itself from it, and not to the right of her guardian to prevent them from returning to her husband, who divorced her and their right to marry itself if widowed (4) the right of speech and of opinion and expression, dialogue and debate (had heard God say that Tjadlk in her husband) (5) the right to distinguish (although a woman feared her husband is strangely or reluctance) (6) The right of inheritance (for men a share in what parents and kinsmen leave and for women a share in what parents and kinsmen leave, which Say or large a share) (7) the right to make money and dispose of it (not Taatmnoa what Fadlallah by some of you on some of the men's share, which have acquired and women share than gained) (8) and the right of Allegiance (O Prophet, if it comes to believing Abayank) (9) the right of "gift, wills and real estate ownership, contracting and litigation and to act in possess, own, up to her hand from the wealth of any kind of an agreement and a sale" (10) and other civil rights have installed the Holy Quran for women in all its dimensions of faith devotional religious, economic, intellectual, behavioral, moral and family social, psychological, emotional, personal and physical . and only a clear recognition in the Holy Quran eligibility of women and their ability to carry the obligations and costs and the practice of what has been awarded the rights and freedoms of permissible and legitimate, and to demonstrate that enjoyed by women's willingness and ability and aptitude, and recognizing at the same time her character and its existence independent.

There is no problematic intellectual (cognitive) haunt the Wise, in today's world more than a hurricane (globalization), which is riven in all directions, threatening to human values ​​(moral and logical - and aesthetic), social, national, ideological, especially it comes with slices of millions of young Arab Muslim who use ( IT - Internet - computers and satellite) for hours on this (the achievements of the great benefits), such as kerning, and the efforts and cost and time, among the inhabitants of the earth, if we have a good use. Since the information programs - cultural - advertising broadcast, via satellite, and sites have been designed on the latest techniques to impress young people, has become a deal with a threat to the unity of society and the beliefs and Olaath and viruses penetrate its walls Social and Cultural Rights, to the weakness of the means of immunization and preparation and Family Life Education and school. This is an agent (storming) globalized source of threat to the unity of society and the social fabric has written extensively about (mind the Arab - Muslim) and the contemporary Islamic culture, in the information age. Besides the intellectual concerns of the citizen, and cultural accumulated. This study, one of the readings cash for an important book published - from the world of knowledge - Bdzoan in the months of November (No. 369) and December (No. 370 of 2009) entitled (the Arab mind and the knowledge society), which is essentially a project for Dr. Nabil Ali, out this cultural reality of society backward and had surrendered to the approved humane welcome! This is the objective announced by the author but you hit the Author Mr.! His goal; reading this highlights the shortcomings of (knowledge society) project is important, and what was the Conference of the University of Karbala - Faculty of Islamic Sciences - the first that deserves all our support and care in the interlocutor of the three, especially the other is about the dilemmas of intellectual relevant jurisprudence of contemporary cultures we chose to invest this appropriate to record our observations of cash, and to overcome the elements of weakness in the project, Dr. Nabil Ali, in the light of the scientific base of knowledge derived from the circle of pure science-based principle (disbelief) and the argument that the disclosure of errors in any project that cognitive science opens the way to solutions more effective for the problems of society and life and politics , contemporary contribution to us at the center (the jurisprudence of contemporary cultures, and dialogues) to immunize our young Arab Muslim science and protect them from new risks challenge the globalized; Fsana succeed in this endeavor, we wish these college boys, prosperity and progress, and God help and guide

There are customs and traditions of social control of human societies in all ages, and vary the customs and traditions in different human societies, and often vary in the same society in different segments and classes, and are affected by Avamla time and culture, called the norms, these norms of good, including the poor, including those without characterizations.
Came religions to regulate human life, Vtdakhalt instructions, between religion and custom, as a result of lack of awareness, and the shallowness of religious culture and ignorance of his ruling on legitimacy, and bigotry, and ignorance, making custom governs many of the attitudes and behaviors in society versus religion, and sometimes mixed with custom religion and understand the custom We have a debt custom, this confusion between the two leads to distortion of vision makes the majority, especially of the youth away from religion to reject some of the social customs that are practiced in the community, thinking that the habit or custom is ruled legal, and vice versa there are sentences legitimacy applied in the community without cultural awareness but a lot will think are the customs and social norms, so abandon them as soon as the man moves to another community to Aimarssha, Kahadjab example.
That the reasons I was invited to discuss the topic are:
1. The conflict between two generations in the community, to uphold and represent the excess rejection of the customs of the list, parents' generation, which overstates the consecrated, and the generation of offspring, and rejecting the vector for renewal in everything as far as the opportunity arises.
2. Questions facing the new parents: Why we must commit ourselves to Baraf not we need God? Why do people fear as long as it does not get angry God?
3. Lack of clarity in view of the religion known, is rejected by all? Do you accept all that? Do you reject some and accept others.
4. Serious consequences for the mixing of religion, custom.






The search for the introduction and three Investigation are:
1. Section I: Overview of the religion known.
2. The second topic: the resources that a mixed population of religious custom (models of public resources, including: the perception of male and Alnty, freedom, choice of spouse)
3. Section III: Resources that mingled with the custom of religion (models than for women, including: the veil, preparing and mourning).
4. Maintg of mixing religion custom.
5. Suggestions to address the problem.

Ethics is the philosophy of the most important values ​​in the Investigation of philosophy, that have emerged since the philosophy and philosophizing in the world philosophers busy with this topic because of its paramount importance at the core of the social structure of any society. Ethical theories have evolved since the dawn of thinking to this day and has taken several directions the most important.
1 - a moral system is rooted in religion and return to it.
2 - followed by a moral system of religion and be within its system.
3 - Ethics stems from human presence in the hub.
It is clear that the system first being the center of being and nothingness which is God and the second the mind is the ruler where the fact that the subordination of religion to ethics is one of the requirements of reason and its production and the third related to Bembages humanism that emerged in the nineteenth century and the twentieth part of creating a system moral liberal, and we want to discover Now the system is the second area, which is our present. We have chosen to search for this system and the dialectic crystallized in Kant\'s lead to look at the contents of the sacred text which was rejected by Kant not because it is useless but because the mind rule the lot of them failing to create a system ethical integrated by searching for the principles tribal pre-existing in the mind , these principles are tribal so-called Kant\'s metaphysics of ethics, it is through the mind of each of the pure individual can access those mental principles.
In this paper we discuss the relationship of mind the text and the relationship of religion to ethics, Kant\'s moral vision through three sections.
1 - text relationship with reason.
2 - relation of religion to morality.
3 - Kant\'s moral vision.
4 - Conclusion.
Reviewers the most important issues discussed by Kant through his writings on moral ethics and metaphysics Ktacis Critique of Practical Reason, and also wrote about the philosophical blogs. Through the three sections and a conclusion made headlines.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, prayer and peace upon His slave and His Messenger, the Secretary Muhammad and all, and after
The search for the meaning of belonging .. but for the life instinct innate need of every human being. And citizenship is not just belong the person for a country of his nationality, but is the embodiment of a real national unity and the manifestation of a clear meaning of loyalty and devotion to the home by rejecting all that threatens its existence and unity and stability, a Alasrh strong in building a modern state and cemented bases and tight parts.
On the principle of citizenship raised profound questions and the most important problems stem from the requirements of individualized loyalty to the country and submit it to all other sub-identities and affiliations. In the face of cross that may arise between the spectrum corresponding to individuals under the umbrella of one nation, the divine Islamic approach, which was brought by Muhammad peace be upon him from his Lord in the Holy Quran have created a state of harmony and balance between the creative Mnarjat map of the corresponding affiliations. Thus was the Islamic vision - in the rights of citizenship and its determinants - horizons not know the religion of religions and civilization before Islam. However, we have not seen the other hand a contemporary Islamic discourse adopts a theory of citizenship in the depth of the value system of the state and the modern political community.
So we had in this respect the investigation of the features of citizenship and to draw dimensions and features of their real and entrenching awareness of their importance based on the values ​​of Islam and the historical experience in a country that was brought by the Prophet may Allah bless him and God and peace as a reference legitimacy and historical that should be for Muslims and others resorting to in border control standard to the principle of citizenship and address the problems faced by the challenges through the adoption of mechanisms and prescriptions in line with the Islamic spirit of the age.
In light of this hypothesis that can be built: "The privacy approach the Lord of Islam had filed for citizenship based balanced to accommodate the asymmetric flanks intersections affiliations of the individual Muslim without neglecting the priority of belonging to the Islamic identity and the achievement of accessories"
Based on the above research has been divided according to the following
The first topic: the concept of citizenship discrimination and investigate the historical roots.
The second topic: the determinants of citizenship and its components under the first model of the Islamic state. The third topic: the Islamic vision in the face of problems raised about the issue of citizenship Section IV: the structure of citizenship from the perspective of contemporary Islamic.

The problem of income distribution in developing countries, of the important problems of concern to many economists, for a close contact of living standards for all categories of society, especially low-income groups, which constitute a large proportion of which on the one hand, and mind the goal of economic growth on the other hand .
The varied views of economists from the analytical and experimental studies on the nature of the relationship between income distribution and economic growth.
The objective of this research to clarify the concept of income distribution, and its importance in economic thought, and then a statement its relationship to economic growth in developing countries.
The hypothesis emphasizes the disparity in income distribution is limited in the first phase of the process of economic growth, then increases until it reaches its scope to a certain extent, then take the shrink with the continuing process of economic growth in developing countries, the research sample.
The research adopted the standard method based on the use of analytical data for a sample cross-sections of (90) is a developing country and a period of 22 years and the application method (OLS).
One of the main conclusions of the research is to be to improve the per capita national income, which is one of pillars of the main was divided countries to developing countries and middle-income countries with low-income shows that most countries that have enjoyed a high level of per capita national income going in the way of reducing extent of inequality in income distribution is not only that. Indeed, estimates made for both the original sample or the sub-samples indicate that the per capita GNP greater impact than the rate of GDP growth on income distribution (quotas Ahmed told).

At first it is useful to explain the background, and define the framework within which we want to post a problematic discourse secular reading of Islamic heritage by the movements and trends of secularism, that such an entrance in mind contemporary Islam in the area of ​​tension between originality in matters of life and theology stemming from the the past, and modernity, which refers to the present and the future that no longer Muslims find themselves in the engine power and therefore they can not control the evolution of thought.
The world has changed in the early twenty-first century has changed almost reshape the map of geographical, historical, cultural and spiritual, if not re-formed already, and this is what made us feel at times that we for the first time in history we live a whole new world with such novelty that does not give the man a chance to think and take a position appropriate, but drowns them an abundance of ideas have to pay drift behind what is happening, as if he lost his ability to control balance. These changes formed the values ​​of globalization and modernity and post-affected Muslims in the restructuring of their awareness of the fundamentals of Islamic faith and heritage. Since Islam came and emerged sun throughout the worlds, and his enemies fighting against and Ahasrunh and scheming for him and the Muslims all hostility, and lie in wait by the intrigues, the alarmed brought by Islam from the teachings of value, and laid down the principle of the sublime, which hastened the spread and the height of his power, and people come to him, and the strength of their attachment to him, Fagin mad opponents, Vetoatioa to fight all they could, and tied with hatred of their hearts, and Hajt envy them, Vomanoa the consideration, and overturned in the faces of freedom of thought under the rubric of globalization, they went out to us (b readings of new or contemporary Islamic heritage, including the the Koran) that methods of wearing lingual, historical and deconstructive. Fighting Islam from within, raising doubts as Muslims believe in Him, are aiming to destabilize the interdependence in the system of the Muslim community as a whole. Describe themselves as hard-full-time scientists to develop the knowledge, do not go out when they Mcolathm a color from the colors of sophistry, they claim to rationality and demanding breadth of mind and freedom of research, even in sensitive religious issues that are related to what is sacred does not affect (Kalouha and the Koran). Encourage intellectual creativity that connects them to far as to say that the belief that religion is an illusion. With all this demand deviation tolerance of others with them, and they saw the demand for, and not to confuse the scientific presentation of the issues and the positions of the common folk, and adherence to the obligations incumbent mental proof. Accuse the so-called (Islamic discourse) that speech is full of Banakaúd. Not ignorant of Islam, but insist on his analysis in the light of Christianity and the medieval church that have been associated in the minds of the West, dark and terrible perception of religion. Horizon of knowledge does not come out the limits of Western thought and culture of Europe. Atzlfon to Westerners until the priests were at the expense of their religion; therefore impatient with claim Islamists specificity of Islamic and originality of mind and scientific absolutely made them in the richness of what invented deviations of Western thought and scientific research outside the circle of Islamic knowledge inherent in the Qur'an and released it, so they start to think that the Islamists as fathers of the Church are being killed in the human sense of initiative, movement, and claim to submissiveness and surrender and refusal to engage in the world.
This was the most important problems of Muslims in the Horn of atheist twenty is the emergence of such Western ideas and alien to our Islamic societies, we think of thinkers in this era such as Muhammad Arkoun confuses the thought which is the product of a human and the divine revelation, there is great difference between them, and tries to make Islam the product intellectually If a human case of any human being a human heritage, and deal with Western instruments, and then offers solutions not provided by the Authority religious and civilizational project of the new Islamic nation and say this is to fill the new religion.
Perhaps the shortcomings in the field of creativity and the formulation of a modern Islamic discourse has slumped to the Arab and Muslim elites, like Mohammed Arkoun and into the arms of other schools of thought were not relevant to the reality of Islam. In spite of what swept the Islamic nation from the trials and hardships, require thought to accommodate all the details of these ills and offers real-world solutions, however, we find that Arkoun calls that Nlthak up with secularism ..., or to abandon our heritage, which is considered out of date.
To this extent, we can diagnose the intellectual attack on Islam and Muslims, and were checking in with it Eduata could not be accommodated to the present day. Based on the foregoing, we tried this in our stand at these problems and of the secular discourse adopted by Mohammed Arkoun.