Kerbala International Journal of Management and Economics

Abstract
This research aims to determine the Mediating role of organizational affiliation in Relationship between role Organizational Pride and Job Engagement. Through applied in Holy Shrine of Imam Hussein. To achieve this, the dimensions of Organizational Pride (Self-pride, Comparative pride , Self-respect , Comparative respect ), versus The Job Engagement for its dimensions (Intellectual Engagement, Affective Engagement, Social Engagement ).and support this Relationship is organizational affiliation for its dimensions (Performance, Experience , over load, Distributional Justice) . A random sample was selected from employees in Holy Shrine of Imam Hussein . The simple as a field of research through a questionnaire of (42) persons correlation coefficient (Spearman) and (t) test were used to determine the significance of the correlation between the two variables, the F test to determine the significance of the regression model, R2 was also used to determine the relative amount that the independent variable contributes to the interpretation of the dependent variable and as a percentage. The most prominent conclusion reached by the researchers is the existence of an active and moral role of Organizational Pride in Job Engagement Through organizational affiliation. The research concluded with a number of recommendations, including Focus on Organizational Pride by management of Holy Shrine of Imam Hussein because generally it important factor in its work and specially in Job Engagement
Key Words: Organizational Pride, organizational affiliation, Job Engagement.

Abstract
The research dealt with the subject of the inspirational leadership and its role in achieving organizational excellence,The dimensions of leadership inspired by (self-confidence, future vision, recognition of the leader as a tool for change, sensitivity to environmental constraints), Organizational excellence was expressed in dimensions (excellence in leadership, excellence in service, excellence in knowledge).
The aim of the research is to identify the actual reality of the leadership dimensions in the studied schools and the role of the director as an inspirational leader for the other members of the teaching staff on behaviors that lead to achieving school excellence and the level and efficiency of the members and the development of their performance within the work teams.
The researchers tried to answer several questions, including whether there is an impact of the inspirational leadership in the organizational excellence of the schools in question The research was conducted in the preparatory schools for the city of Karbala, The necessary information was obtained for the field side through the questionnaire prepared for this purpose and distributed to a sample of (90) managers representing the administrative leaders in the surveyed schools.
The research also reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which is that the existence of a relationship has a positive statistical significance between the variables (inspirational leadership and organizational excellence)
The study concluded with a set of recommendations related to its variables, including: the need to employ the inspirational leadership dimensions of the schools studied for the purpose of developing them through changes in the practices and methods used in teaching by faculty members and recognition of the manager as a tool for change through work.

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to provide an analytical study to test the relationship between enabling leadership and strategic coherence with their qualitative indicators in (Al-Kafeel Hospital).
Research design: The research included a study based on the collection and analysis of data on the variables of research, namely, the enabling leadership of an independent variable with its subdivisions (adaptive, creative and learning), and strategic coherence with a sub-dimension (organizational Fueling , organizational Shaping , organizational Entwining) .(Al-Kafeel Hospital), the sample of the research was a sample of the intended number of doctors and pharmacists in the hospital examined (90) doctors and pharmacists, and the researcher used a package of statistical tools to process data through the program (Smartpls) Through (Questionnaire) prepared for this purpose, depending researcher Likert scale quintet (Five-Point Likert - Type) in determining the paragraphs of the measure.
Results: The results of the statistical analysis proved the validity of the hypotheses that were formulated according to the descriptive model of the research, which provides for the existence of relations of influence between the independent and dependent research variables. In general, the results of the statistical tests proved that the model and hypotheses of the study were statistically acceptable. Conclusions: The research concluded that there is a great coherence in the strategy of the hospital in question (Al-Kafeel Hospital). This cohesion was strengthened through the presence of the hospital enabling leadership which is based on achieving innovation, adaptation and learning for medical staff in the formulation and implementation of the hospital strategy. Contribution / Value: Research is an attempt to contribute to the detection of strategic coherence and how to strengthen it through enabling leadership in the private health sector (Al-Kafeel Hospital).

Keywords:Strategic Cohesion, Health Organizations, Al-Kafeel Hospital.

Abstract
Organizations have recognized that knowledge, effective use, the acquisition and rapid use of new knowledge are the only source of sustainable competitiveness in a competitive context. In particular, they are increasingly recognized that knowledge resource management maximizes employment opportunities and minimizes the risk of lost opportunities. The foundation of organizational capacity development lies in the company's ability to perform business and deliver targeted value propositions. The purpose of the present research is to analyze of enabling knowledge management factors as an explanatory variable in creating value for organizations as a response variable. To this end, the researcher chose two Iraqi universities to be a field of research. The sample consisted of 30 teachers from each university, The sample uses the advanced statistical programs (Smart Plus, Spss V.20) The research came out with a number of conclusions, the most important of which was the existence of a difference in the level of factors enabling the management of knowledge between the universities of the research sample and the existence of a significant impact in achieving the value of the organization and One of the most important recommendations of the research was to consider the availability and use of modern Techniques in the work of the university for its services, ease and speed of performance that will contribute to enhancing the value of the organization.
Key words: knowledge management enablers, Organizational Value, use of modern Techniques.

Abstract: -
The risk of financial failure of banks is critical to decision-making by managers to hedge them. Often, the problems of failure to reach bankruptcy cases and to reduce these risks have been formulated several models of predicting financial failure, perhaps the most prominent Altman model. And the specificity of investment in Islamic banks, which differ from formula to other form of legal aspects as well as from the different risks of each investment formula on the other. Despite the fact that many researchers reached many reasons for financial failure and perhaps the most prominent mismanagement, and that the efficiency of business operation is a good reflection of the management of the bank. In this research, two aspects have been achieved. firstly is the strong correlation between the financial failures measured according to the Altman model, which occurred at the level of the gray layer, which means that the bank does not operate within the safe area and that increasing investments leads to an increase in the risk of financial failure, The opportunity to take the necessary precaution and the other side is to know the impact of the risk of financial failure on investment formulas The model of the study reached a high explanatory power to the impact of the risk of financial failure in the form of investment, "Murabaha, Ijara, participation" has been stressed in the recommendations on the need to pursue For sophisticated risk management, especially with the increased investment.

The strength of the competition between the companies that resulted from the new developments in the business environment has made the cost element one of the most important areas in which enterprises seek to compete in the modern environment. Based on this approach, several techniques and methodologies have originated to manage cost reduction, which will support Management. The aim of this research is to use the method of Reverse Engineering to reduce the cost of the product, under the target cost techniques, In order to reach the goal of the research, the basic hypotheses has been formed stating that employing the teardown analysis approach under the target Costing technique in the General Company for Textile Industries that face up the highest Competitive that lead to reduced product cost and support the competitive advantages of the company. Finally, he proposed a set of recommendations in the light of the findings.

The study concludes by recognizing the importance of taxes in financing the general budget of the state and increasing the proportion of taxes within the revenues of the general budget of the state and the extent to which the value added tax can be applied in the Republic of Iraq because it has an important role in increasing the state budget revenues. Added value in Iraq and try to overcome the obstacles facing their application now, The research found that taxation plays an important role in financing the state budget, including value added tax, because it is not possible to implement it at the present time because of the lack of the necessary inputs to implement this system with the possibility of future regulation

The research aims to know the effect of currency exchange rates in the general indices of stock prices of companies in the hotel and tourism sector, And Clarification the type of relationship between them،And on this basis and for the purpose of addressing the problem of research represented by unexpected fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Iraqi dinar, which leads to losses not taking into account the activity of financial and economic institutions, as well as change the plans of these facilities and the achievement of the purpose of the decree، As well as cover aspects related to the subject, this Search dealt with two main aspects: the first conceptual and Knowledge، as view some of the concepts related to exchange rates and volatility as well as factors affecting them، , and then to Clarification the concept of the general Indicator to be the starting point for the second side of the research is the analytical side, which was based on the monthly data for both the exchange rate and the general index, and for the time period from January 2005 to December 2011 which both the Iraqi financial market and the Central Bank to publish these data periodically according to the period mentioned on the websites on the Internet, through these data can be analyzed various aspects of different had a clear impact in answering the questions of the problem of research.

The research aims to analyze the volume of cash payments Mobil digital wallet operating in Iraq licensed by the Central Bank of Iraq and to determine the impact of the growth of these payments in increasing the volume of e-commerce. The rates of growth of payments through digital wallets as well as growth rates of e-commerce In Iraq for the period from April 2017 to September 2018, its calculated the mean and standard deviation and the highest and lowest value of the total views, and Iraq was selected as a research country, emerging in the field of financial technology and achieve very high growth rates. The study hypothesized one main hypothesis: (There is no statistically significant effect of cash payments via digital wallets in the volume of e-commerce). The main findings are that the payment of cash through the digital wallets has a significant impact on the volume of electronic commerce and strongly impact high, which means that mobile payments have a large role in the expansion of electronic commerce in Iraq, the most important recommendations are the need to pay attention to the monitoring and compilation and analysis of electronic commerce data in Iraq Through the creation of a special administrative unit in the Department of electronic payments within the sections of the Central Bank of Iraq that the money spent in 18 months nearly $ 3.2 billion, as provided data.

The study examined the role of tourism media in developing tourism demand in Iraq. Tourism media is one type of communication that is carried out through the various media to trade specific information on various aspects of the tourism industry. Tourism media is thus described as an information activity in the first place.
The research started from the premise that tourism information plays an important role in the development of tourism demand at the theoretical level and in the proposed implementation environment. Tourism media also face problems, challenges and obstacles that reduce the required and necessary impact to stimulate tourism demand. The purpose of the research is to identify the concepts of tourism information, its main types, its traditional and modern means and definitions, and clarify the role of tourism media in the development of tourism demand in Iraq and the necessary treatments to activate this role. The research was based on the descriptive analysis method, in addition to the use of statistical program spss to measure the relationship between the variables used in the research.
One of the most important conclusions reached by the research, according to the field survey, is that tourism information is an important factor in tourism demand in Iraq. The development of modern media and communication contributes to the increase in the pace of tourism demand.

Abstract
The economic growth and development of developed economies has not led to corresponding growth in the developing economies that are their direct trading partners. On the contrary, often this uneven trade has led to serious economic, social and political problems in most developing countries, The theory of dependency that emerged from the Latin American group explained this phenomenon that the rate of growth in the advanced industrial countries is inversely proportional to the rate of growth in the developing countries. The latter exports raw materials and cheap labor to industrial countries, And on the other hand import manufactured goods and services that achieve a great added value compared to the added value of the primary products that are involved in the production of those products. Therefore, developing countries do not gain from their exports sufficient revenues to pay for their imports, and this deterioration in the conditions of foreign trade frustrates economic development opportunities in the Developing economies. The principle of economic dependence is on the Arab countries, which suffer from the failure of economic development efforts because of the apparent lack of the necessary capabilities and expertise to promote the economy, Although dependency theory is one of the theories that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s, it is still appropriate to explain the economic conditions of most developing countries that are still unable to emerge from the dependency problem of developed industrial nations.

The possibility of implementing privatization program in Iraq after 2003 is highly related with the availability of supported procedures associated with this matter. The success of process, such as provision by addressing all restrictions that impede its process, such as provision of essential services particularly electricity . in addition to provision the basic services and replacement of none progressive projects and then setting suitable solutions for unemployment issue .
The second problem linked with indebtedness and compensation, where addressing this issue means freeing the Iraqi economy from a big burden which represented by the payments associated with that . Furthermore, the administrative corruption of public sector is one of the most challenger that hinder implementing privatization program through proving inaccurate data and information for public projects ownership which affect in reducing the revenues gained form this program. Therefore , adopting an active nation strategy is requested for facing consequences of corruption. It insures to succeed the economic reforms and privation in particular .

Porter's strategies remain one of the most widely accepted strategic choices in the business management literature and a sample of 223 management leaders in the Iraqi hotel industry in two Iraqi cities, Baghdad and Karbala, where the hotel industry is booming compared to other Iraqi cities around the reality of applying the strategic practices of Before them and their impact in achieving general competitive strategies. The study found that the level of implementation of strategic practices is high in Iraqi hotels. There was a significant correlation between these practices and the achievement of competitive strategies. The practices associated with the cost-management strategy are the most influential practices at the level of this study in Iraqi hotels

There is a great interest from studies and experts in economic affairs to manage the returns of natural resources and how to successfully employ them to achieve the economic prosperity and well-being of the people of the rich countries, where different strategies and models have been developed for the successful management of these wealth. Some have proposed the establishment of sovereign funds under various names for the province On this wealth for future generations and future generations in a manner that contributes to the growth and development of the economy and raise the standards of living and more welfare of its population.
While others have put forward the model of direct distribution of natural Resources and oil wealth, especially to the population, which contributes to improve living standards and welfare of individuals. This model has been applied to many countries and states in our world today, the most famous a application successful of the US state of Alaska followed by the province of Alberta in Canada They used the model of direct distribution of oil wealth to the population, and regardless of ideas and opinions, the idea of establishing what can be called (the Iraqi Fund) represents the best, efficient and fair way to ensure the Iraqi people of enjoying wealth, especially the governments ruled after the change in 2003 failed to provide the simplest services and rights for this country, as well as the economic and social benefits that can be derived from supporting the consumption and spending capabilities of individuals, which in turn will form the foundation and prosperity of economic activity.

The transfer from one person's place of residence to another is the basis of a tourist trip. All tourism literature and definitions are recognized and this person is called the tourist. Once the tourist starts his journey, all the services that he receives are free of charge or for a certain fee. A tourist service is provided to him, including information services and other services that are facilitated by technological development and the Internet. Resulted in the relationship between the tourist and information services on the Internet , in particular in the field of tourism, a tourist term has been added to the various tourist patterns and renewable in the world, launched the new style of the term (e-tourism). Our discussion discusses this relationship and whether it is a real tourist pattern or tourist service.