AL-ADAB JOURNAL

In 2020, Covid-19 was the primary subject of discussion in the international media. Numerous news articles have been written about it, making it worthy for scholars and researchers to investigate in order to elucidate the linguistic characteristics that are used in such news. Accordingly, this study aims at presenting the theoretical aspects of persuasion and rhetoric. In addition, it demonstrates Lucas’ (2009) three persuasive appeals – ethos, logos, and pathos – as well as identifies and reveals their use and efficiency in Iraqi Covid-19 news articles published by Almada Newspaper and BAGHDADTODAY.NEWS. The findings of the present study suggest that the three rhetorical appeals are employed differently in the two types of data. More importantly, the three appeals are much more effective in the English data than in the Arabic data.

This study deals with the subject of the composition of the sequence in the narrations of (Ali Al-Hadithi) due to the richness of his narrations with this narrative structure. The narrator used this novelistic construction to present the events of some of his novels. He began by presenting the events from the beginning, which is the starting point of the event, then a knot, which is the development of the event, and then the end, which is the solution. The construction of the sequence is dominant over the narrations of (Ali al-Hadithi). This construction is also known as (traditional construction), or (linear construction) to link events. The aim of this study is to reveal the structure of the event sequentially, depending on the chronology of events and their development.

Borrowing in linguistics refers to the process whereby a group of speakers incorporates certain foreign linguistic components into their home language via a process known as linguistic borrowing. The process by which these foreign linguistic elements, known as loanwords, go through phonological, morphological, or semantic changes in order for them to fit the grammar of the recipient language is referred to as loanword adaptation. Loanwords go through these changes in order for them to become compatible with the grammar of the recipient language. One of the most divisive topics in loanword phonology is whether adaptations occur at the phonemic or phonetic levels, and current literature distinguishes three primary viewpoints: nativization-through-perception, nativization-through-production, and the Optimality Model. This article provides an overview of lexical borrowing and then presents a detailed account of the three models of phonological loanword adaptation.

The beginnings of drama were related to human life, which made it a literary genre inherent to its production in successive ages; And that as a contact with human issues, by re-imagining reality in a literary way that affects the recipient, and by involving many personalities to complete the dramatic work. Therefore, drama was considered one of the most influential arts compared to other arts. Because language is the basis for expression, and this is something that is not found in the rest of the arts, as it contains contemplation and intellectual and emotional disclosure that we do not see in others, as it involves under the style of narration, whether it is poetic or prose narration. His way the theatrical expression takes place at its first appearance, and thereafter the dramatic poetic expression, which is related to thought and social customs among individuals, praising the beautiful behavior, and criticizing the defects of the individual in society, as he combines between highlighting the poet\'s soul and presenting the story of the audience, at the same time he does not forget to link The reader’s imagination with the feeling of the poet and the community, so that a group of dramatic voices and situations appear to the reader through both types of dialogue and the psychological conflict that dominated the poet at one time, by framing it in a poetic and emotional and dramatic image and presenting it to the reader; To feel the places of its beauty, with the aim of being affected by it and keeping it stuck in his mind.

Andalusian poets were able to select aesthetic values from two main sources: nature and man, all of which come through the sensation, harmony and harmony between the poet and the recipient, nature has always influenced the poet through his awareness of its beauty and the extent to which his loving soul is connected to it. The Andalusian poet loved his nature with all its contents, making its moving and static parts aesthetic values of glory and immortality in his poems, until it was known by highlighting all the aesthetic values of nature; and then we found him sharing it with his human feelings in his love and the happiness and misery he feels, making nature with all its molecules his participation in this feeling. Hence our research found paintings that had been written by a creative painter where colors and shadows, provided by the poet with the rhythm and colors of life: calm and noisy, made it a vibrant heart to live in memories of the past and achieve aesthetic experience in various artistic ways.

This study aims at revealing the role of oriental studies in the studies of the Islamic conquest of North Africa and its stages from the point of view of the contemporary British orientalist Hugh Kennedy and to form a comprehensive picture of him through the study of Arab primary sources, as they presented accurate studies on the most important media and leaders of the conquest, and the importance of this The study sheds light on most of the events he dealt with about the conquest of the Maghreb, the most important events that took place during the conquest and the policy of the leaders in conquest, as well as their view of conquest, which they call the term (invasion) and at other times (occupation), and most of them realized the historical importance of the events despite the conflicting Arab accounts in Set dates for unlocking some cities.

One of the most prominent qualities in the pre-Islamic era was generosity, and the Arabs were distinguished by honoring the guest, and they built Hashem al-Qimmah and the ideal of that benevolent quality. And this was mentioned in the narrations of al-Zamakhshari in his book Rabi` al-Abrar on the generosity of Bani Hashim and Ibn Jadaan, and the alliance of feudal, swearing in alliances, and al-Mutayyib were mentioned, which were compared with the historical narrations reported by those who preceded the era of al-Zamakhshari and those who lived through it and those who followed it, in addition to clarifying the points of agreement and difference between these narrations and the extent of their accuracy. Al-Zamakhshari in mentioning some of the narrations and his inaccuracy in mentioning some of them, and the extent of the authenticity of his narrations and the incorrectness of some of them, as well as his criticism of others.

The objective of studying the heritage of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, which their school has stored and preserved from loss by their followers, expresses a comprehensive school of various branches of Islamic knowledge, The geographical area of the followers of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, and they needed someone to meet their religious needs and be a link between them and their imams, peace be upon them, This system has an effective and very big role in preserving the entity of the righteous community and protecting it from fragmentation and collapse, Ibrahim bin Mahzyar Al-Ahwazi was one of the trusted agents in Ahwaz during the third AH / ninth century AD, Receiving and distributing legal rights, settling disputes, taking over endowments and the affairs of minors who do not have a guardian, Justice or justice is a basic condition for the agent, in addition to his belief and knowledge of the provisions and affairs of Sharia, his political tact and his ability to preserve the secrets of the Imam and his followers from the rulers and their eyes convergent.
It was clear from all the results that we reached that Ahwaz was one of the areas that showed love and obedience to the Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, and those who took care of this spot and gave their directions starting with Imam Ali, peace be upon him, all the way to the awaited Imam Mahdi, may God hasten his reappearance, So high that a large number of great scholars and poets who are considered to be the masters of the Shiite sect emerged in Ahwaz, and a large number of narrators and companions of the agents of Ahl al-Bayt, peace be upon them, emerged in the various regions of Ahwaz and they played a role in the procession of Shiism in the entire Islamic world, and Shiite thought still reminds them with all honor And honor.

The study of personalities is one of the important historical studies because of their active role and great influence in revealing facts and historical events, for several reasons, the most important of which is one of the prominent diplomatic personalities. His philosophy was derived from his studies at the Teachers Institute in Baghdad and then studying sociology and philosophy at the Faculty of Arts, Fouad I University. His personality and his career were smooth and calm, and he did not engage in military adventures and politics. The guardian moved away from partisan work in Iraq and participated in multiple international diplomatic activity the parties.

This research sheds light on Resume King, Ashur Rish-Ishi I who is considered one of the most prominent royal Figures in the Assyrian middle eras. The dynasty of this king was the beginning of the decline of the Assyrian role and the start of a powerful dynasty that came after the death of King Tokiti Nanorta 1. as well as sheds light on The Coronation of the king hisnick nickname his family.

Leon Trotsky remains one of the distinguished revolutionary Marxist figures of the twentieth century. Together with Lenin, he led the October Socialist Revolution in Russia in 1917, the revolution that helped define the politics of the century as the first socialist revolution in the world. He was one of the most prominent Russian Marxist figures who witnessed the struggle for power in Russia since May-October 1917
The research deals with Trotsky's position on the February Revolution of 1917, which practically ended the Tsardom rule and the duality of power. The research shows Trotsky's political activity upon his return to Russia after ten years of absence. The research reviews his position on the Bolsheviks, Lenin, the Provisional Government and the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Soviet. The research focuses on the importance of the rhetorical agitation carried out by Trotsky, and his call for consensus between the various Russian socialist currents, and the research shows Trotsky's position on Kornilov 's coup.
The research shows the central role that Trotsky played in building the premises of the October uprising of 1917, where he invested his election again as President of the Petrograd Soviet and from this position he incited and directly publicized the establishment of the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets through the activities of the Soviets and others, and his leadership and direction of the Revolutionary Military Committee Which is one of the organs of the soviets, which succeeded in leading the uprising. The research clarifies Trotsky's role as an extremist defender of the Bolshevik uprising and the establishment of Bolshevik Soviet rule in the face of the socialist opposition during the Second Congress of Soviets.

In this research, we try to address the religious position from the point of view of this philosopher, indicating his position rejecting religion in general as well as contemplative philosophies, especially the philosophy of Hegel, considering that theology and contemplative philosophies all departed from man and adopted abstract ideas in their research. Feuerbach found that the real future of philosophy is the real reality in kind represented by man, and he also showed that man with his long history fell into alienation because of the illusion that there is a distinct and differentiated God. Man referred all his attributes to that God, and the truth is that God is man himself and we should not worship God apart from us, because all this is purely an illusion produced by man, and therefore man must regain his essence which he threw up and realize himself about its truth, because the secret of theology is anthropology.

The Imam began his study of this issue by defining a goal, which is to explain the virtue of Islam in relation to other religions, and he paved the way for this by classifying the sciences into religious and legal sciences, then reconciled between them, then he demonstrated the superiority of religious sciences over legal sciences.
Al-Amiri’s philosophy, while studying this issue, was distinguished by the integrative view of the sciences, whether those affiliated with wisdom or affiliated with the religion, as I see that they are integrated to achieve the general goal of it, and therefore Al-Amiri responded to the owners of some sciences who challenged other sciences and underestimated their importance.
Al-Amiri concluded his effort in this case by responding to the suspicions that are raised against Islam, and he had his methodology in analyzing and refuting these suspicions in proportion to his being a philosopher.
Therefore, I wanted to discuss this aspect of the philosophy of Abu al-Hasan al-Amiri, methodological research, meaning that we focus on al-Amiri's approach, whether in his classification of sciences or his statement of the virtues of Islam or in his response to the suspicions that are raised against Islam.

The concept of historicism is one of the newly developed concepts, which appeared at the end of the nineteenth century with new modernist concepts such as structuralism... etc. What we mean by historical here is the study of religious texts according to a historical vision through cognitive digging in the history of these texts in order to reach a certain truth, real and not suspicious of her. Historicity is one of the most important concepts that Al-Sharafi adopted to reach the truth of religious texts. Al-Sharafi worked to return facts and events to the reality in which they appeared and then look at them according to a new intellectual vision.

Psychological differentiation among adolescents at ages (15, 16, 17) years, gender (males, females), family income level (high, low), and age (15, 16, 17) years. The total sample of the research reached (500) male and female students from middle schools, where the two directorates (Karkh II - Rusafa I) were chosen in a proportional random manner, and in order to achieve the objectives of the research and after reviewing the previous literature, the researcher adopted a scale (Jabbar, 2014) for psychological differentiation that was prepared Depending on Whitkin's theory (Wattken, 1979), the researcher extracted the psychometric properties from the validity and reliability of the scale, and achieved two types of validity (apparent, constructive). The most important finding of the research is that adolescents enjoy high psychological differentiation.

The aim of the research is to know the significance of the difference between the students of the research sample on the test of solving chemical problems as a whole and on each of its fields. The research sample consisted of (200) students from the fourth stage of the University of Baghdad, College of Education for Pure Sciences / Ibn Al-Haythem / Department of Chemistry In the morning and evening studies, i.e. (50%) of the research community, the research tool was a chemical problem solving test of (25) paragraphs with six areas by adopting the Hayes classification to solve problems represented by (defining the problem, representing the problem, choosing the solution plan, clarifying the solution plan , conclusion and (verification & evaluation). The results of the research showed that there is a statistically significant difference between the students of the research sample in the test of solving scientific problems as a whole to an acceptable degree, and the results showed a statistically significant difference in each of the areas of chemical problem solving between The students of the research sample for the areas (defining the problem, representing the problem, choosing a solution plan, clarifying the solution plan, conclusion) to an acceptable degree, but the field of verification and evaluation was not statistically significant, and the research recommended the need for education faculties to pay attention to solving chemical problems It covers all its fields and incorporates it into the theoretical and practical courses.

Water erosion is one of the morphoclimatic forms that are active due to rainfall and an increase in gradient. In the basin area, types of erosion appear, including rain erosion, cover erosion, fluid erosion and grooved erosion, for the purpose of knowing the amount of grooved erosion was based on the Bergisma equation and was applied to the basin area and showed four types of intensity They are severe and very severe erosion and high and very high erosion.

The research deals with the effect of some natural factors, especially the geological structure, surface features, water resources and soil, in determining the paths of the road network of road transport in the district of Tarmiyah; The research concluded that the geological structure constitutes a positive factor, as the type of surface formation is represented by the sedimentary plain, and thus, which facilitated the process of building the road network and extending railways.
The surface features are also one of the important natural geographical factors that affect the selection of suitable sites to which road networks extend; And the study area is located within the sedimentary plain region, which was characterized by its flatness, as it is almost devoid of variations in surface forms, which led to the ease of extending the network of land transport routes in the district of Tarmiyah, As for the water resources, they have a large and influential role in defining the transport road networks and drawing their paths, and the water resources, in turn, affect the identification of road paths positively by extending the roads that are associated with the nature of the extension of water resources.
As for the soil, its impact was represented in extending the network of land transport routes; As the soil of the rivers' shoulders helped spread the population in a good density; It also contributed to the spread of agriculture and other activities, and the extension of the road network of road transport was parallel to the soil of the rivers, for example, the main road that connects the center of the Tarmiyah district with the Al-Abayji district. As for the soil of the river basins, its negative impact is through the difficulty of transportation, especially in rainy days during the two winters And in the spring, when mud (mud) sticks to car tires, which causes problems and accidents, and when rain falls again on the soil transported by car tires, this leads to the destruction and destruction of the road structure.

The young age group is the backbone of any society, and because of its importance it has received great attention from international, governmental and societal institutions, to develop, develop and protect them from aggression, deviation, exploitation, backwardness and loss, but all these measures did not prevent a demographic waste of this category.
The research aims to identify the size of the waste of the young category in the Diwaniyah and Afak, and to reveal the social variables affecting its distribution and spatial variation, in order to develop a future vision for the young category and expectations of the size of waste and its indicators, and to achieve this was the use of the descriptive and analytical approach and the quantitative style, and it was tab Data in statistical schedules turned into rates and relative importance to compare them at the level of administrative units and the use of maps and graphs for the same purpose, with the use of the standard degree to clarify the economic variables affecting the phenomenon of demographic waste and visually compare them with the size of the total waste to reach spatial relationships related to the power of the size of the waste, and the research was approved In its data on the data of the Ministry of Planning, the Central Agency for Statistics and Technology Information, and the data of the Ministry of Education (Al -Qadisiyah Education Directorate), the data of the Ministry of Justice and Social Affairs and the Ministry of Health and Environment (Diwaniyah Health Department), and the data of the Ministry of Interior (Qadisiyah Police, Juvenile Department), the Ministry of Justice and the Supreme Council and the courts (Diwaniyah, Sunni, Al -Daghara, Afak, Al -Badir, Sumer) for the year 2020 and field study for the year 2021.
The waste rate for the year 2020 (78.16) children per thousand people, and it is noted that there is a spatial contrast at the level of administrative units in the waste rates, as the Shafi’i Nahiya came with the highest rate of (93.55), and the Badir district came with the lowest rate (48.45).

The revolution that took place in the twentieth century represented by the communications and information revolution that the world witnessed is a qualitative developmental shift that is never less important than the industrial revolution. Significantly, which gave it a description of the revolution of the digital economyThe current research is entitled "Digital Shifts and their Role in Economic Development for Young People: A Fieldwork Social Study of Baghdad City". It addresses the relationship between digital shift and economic development for young people through investing in human capitals via training and skills development. The study has two main components; theoretical and practical.

This study aims to provide an analysis of the effectiveness of the national media policy for the Iraqi security institutions, as an entity responsible for achieving security awareness in the country, and its role in preventing terrorist crimes, this study aims to shed light on the concept of security media, the beginnings of the concept, its starting points, and the challenges that limit its effectiveness and roles in confronting terrorist activities.
Where this study is divided into three main sections, reviews in its first part the basic elements of the research (the problem of the study, the importance of the study, the objectives of the study), while the second topic came as an extension of the most important concepts and scientific terms that explain the variables of the study, while the last topic dealt with: the objectives of security media Its functions and tasks, the problems facing the security media, and the explanation of the most important mechanisms of the security media and its role in confronting terrorist activities .