NTU Journal of Pure Sciences

Vulvovaginitis is one of the commonest reproductive tract infections in women worldwide. There are three types of infectious :vaginitis including, bacterial vaginosis ,valvovaginal candidiasis, and trichomoniasis. During the period from December 2021 to April 2022 in the Women conduct Children Hospital in Al-Nasr neighborhood and in private outpatient clinics in Kirkuk city in Iraq. The number of specimens examined was 160 samples(106from healthy and 54from infected women) and the ages ranged between (14-50) years. After the pairs swabs were taken, the direct examination and staining and culturing on the different culture media to diagnose many pathogenic microorganism (bacteria spp, candida spp, trichomonas vaginalis parasite). Trichomoniasis was detected by wet and stained smears and culture . Bacterial infection was confirmed by Nugent scoring method after Gram staining and culture . Candidiasis was identified by direct examination and culturing on both Sabouraud dextrose agar and Chromagar medium. The bacterial and candida diagnosis conforming by vitex-2 system. From the54 sample positive, the commonest organisms was bacteria (33.75%gram negative and gram positive 31.25%), followed by Candida species 14.37%, Trichomniasis as 5%, and mixed infection with these three agents in 17.5%. the commonest organisms was bacteria (100%gram negative and 92.59%), followed by Candida species 42.59%, Trichomniasis as 14.81%, and mixed infection with these three agents in 51.85%.E. coli 15(27.77%) and staph. aureus 16(32%) was the major bacteria isolate and candida albicans(13.12%) was the major of candida spp. isolate. And the results of the relationship of Vulvovaginitis with the age showed that incidence of infection was high among females age group(36-45years) 20(12.5%) . This study conclude that, bacterial vaginosis compile high percentage among women with vaginal discharge. It can be present alone or along with candidiasis while rare cases record a combined infection of bacterial vaginosis along with trichomoniasis and both candidiasis and trichomoniasis may be as secondary infection that enhanced after bacterial vaginosis.

Although the operation to remove the thyroid gland, whether as a result of the multinodular goiter, papillary thyroid cancer or benign thyroid disease. It has benefits for patients have not responded to antithyroid drugs, or patients with hyperthyroidism. However, removing the thyroid gland leads to changes in some metabolic processes within the body, including: liver function affect, the triglyceride (TGC) and LDL values worsened significantly. In addition, uncontrolled hypertension.

The nanoparticles technology is one of modern technologies that are manufactured in different ways and one of the easiest, fastest and cheapest methods is the biological methods for its use in diagnosis and treating human diseases such as cancer and parasitic diseases .
Target parasites have shown resistance to traditional drugs and treatments , so nanoscience has given way to start new types of drugs and treatments either from nanoparticles alone or drugs that combine nanoparticles ,peptides and oils to give a multiplier effect, inhibiting the
growth of parasites and killing them.

Statins are the most important drugs that used widely in reducing cholesterol and lipids related with cholesterol and vascular heart diseases prevention, through HMG-Coenzyme reductase inhibition. Statins classified into two types: hydrophilic and lipophilic. The current study was carried out to clarify whether simvastatin or rousvastatin the better in serum lipid profile of ovariectomized female rats which used as a model for postmenopausal women who has hyperlipidemia, since menopause a physiological stage characterized by estrogen deficiency and ovaries function loss and related with some diseases of metabolism as the type-2 of diabetes mellitus, lipid metabolism disturbance, metabolic syndrome and increased risk of heart diseases. Twenty four adult female rats aged(2.5-3) month and weight(220-250) gm were grouped into four groups(6/group): control group (sham): without ovariectomy, ovariectomized(ovx) group, ovariectomized(ovx) rats that administrated by 20 mg/kg/day(orally) with rousvastatin and ovariectomized(ovx) rats that administrated by 20 mg/kg/day(orally) with simvastatin. After experiment period 60 day. Samples of blood were drawn in order to estimate lipid profile. The results were showed that ovariectomy operation caused a significant elevation in total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), non-HDL-C, and decrease in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), but treatment with rousvastatin caused a greater reduction in serum total cholesterol and also in LDL-C than simvastatin, however, simvastatin showed a greater drooping in serum triglycerides, VLDL-C and also non-HDL-C. We concluded that there are differences in activity between simvastatin and rosuvastatin in lipid profile and the rosuvastatin has the effectiveness in total cholesterol and LDL-C reduction.

Macromolecule identification method known as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is regarded a recent development in the study of cytology. It was first created as a physical mapping method to identify genesinside chromosomes. Later, other biological and medical studies benefited from the precision and adaptability of FISH. This attractive method offers a level of resolution in between chromosomal studies and DNA analysis. A hybridizing DNA probe used in FISH can either be directly or indirectly labeled. Fluorescent nucleotides are employed in direct labeling, whereas reporter molecules used in indirect labeling are afterwards recognized through affinity molecules, fluorescent antibodies, or other means. An excessively high number of chromosomes in a cell, unique gene fusions, or the loss of a chromosomal segment or an entire chromosome are examples of genetic disorders that can be detected with FISH. It is also used in a variety of scientific projects, including gene mapping and the discovery of fresh oncogenes. This article illustrates the principles of FISH, its use, and its benefits in medical research

This study aims to estimate the parameters of confirmatory factor analysis with non-normal variables using a Bayesian approach. In this study, the estimation method is (Markov chain Monte Carlo)" MCMC" simulation, and the ordinal variables have defined cut points (Gibbs sampling). To handle non-normal outcomes, censoring techniques with distinct cut-points are used.
Additional methods are interpreted, including the (Bayesian estimator), (standard deviations) "SD", and (highest posterior density) "HPD". )Quality of life( "QOL" data and observations from the OpenBUGS program are used to explain the established process.