NTU Journal of Pure Sciences

Blastocystis sp. is anaerobic,global, eukaryotic, found in the human
gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of the current study is to estimate the
prevalence of B. hominis infection in people with diabetes mellitus. This study
is conducted on a total of three hundred (300) individuals, ranging between 4
and 70 years, included (150) diabetic group and (150) non diabetic group.
Samples are taken between November 2022 and May 2023. The practical
portion and the collection of samples have been done in laboratories of
General Balad Hospital in Balad City; Salahadin; Iraq. The study include the
collection of 2 ml of venous blood, which is used to measure the HbA1c
ratio with stool sample. This is used to examine the presence or absence of
B.hominis by microscopic examination after it had been cultured. Modified
Jones' Medium has reportedly been used for Blastocystis sp. in vitro culture.
Only 80 diabetic patients (50 male, 30 female) were infected with B.hominis
after the laboratory diagnosis, and only 50 people (13 male, 37 female) among
the healthy participants have B.hominis. This study demonstrate that the DM
group had a higher prevalence of this protozoan than the non-DM group.
Also, it notice that there is a link between the presence of Blastocystis and
other participant characteristics (risk factors). Most results in the present
study are display a highly significant difference between both genders,
residence, source of drinking water and keeping animals (p<0.05),but there is
no statistically correlation with infection by this parasite among the classes
of age and educational level (p>0.05).

Epstein-Barr virus infection has a significant global impact on adults. In individuals with a strong immune system, the infection usually remains inactive and is effectively controlled. However, forthose with compromised immune systems like hemodialysis patients, the virus can lead to severe illnesses that endanger lives.This study aims to evaluate the presence of IgM and IgG antibodies against the Epstein-Barr virus in hemodialysis patients and explore potential connections between the prevalence of these antibodies, the duration of dialysis (whether exceeding or less than one year), and the frequency of weekly dialysis sessions.Theresearch carried out in Kirkuk city encompassed 91 individuals undergoing hemodialysis and a control group of 50 individuals. Blood serum samples were collected from all participants in the study and subjected to analysis using the ELISA technique. Therecent findings revealed that among hemodialysis patients, the prevalence of EBV IgM/IgG antibodies was 7.6% and 42.8% respectively, while in the control group, these values were 0% and 8%. The presence of EBV IgM and IgG antibodies showed a notable correlation with the younger age group. No statistically significant differences were noted concerning the patients' gender. Notably, EBV IgM levels were elevated in patients undergoing dialysis for over a year (71.4%), displaying significant divergence with a p-value of 0.015.The prevalence of Epstein Barr virus was higher in hemodialysis patients compared to the control group. Additionally, the occurrence of acute EBV infection showed a strong association with the duration of dialysis and the frequency of weekly dialysis sessions.

Human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) may cross the placenta from mother to the fetus and cause major problems like non-immune hydrops fetalis, severe fetal anemia, as well as fetal mortality. The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of HPVB19 in pregnant women with spontaneous abortion in kirkuk. From November 2022 to the April 2023, blood samples from 135 aborted women aged 15-45 and 45 women with successful pregnancies as a control group were taken. Using the ELISA Technique, the sera from the samples were tested for HPV B19 -specific IgM and IgG antibodies. The result showed that 13 (9.63%) tested positive for HPV B19 IgM, 28 (20.74%) tested positive for IgG,P<0.01.The highest seroprevalence of HPV B19 IgM antibodies was observed in the 15-25 age group (61.54%). HPV B19 IgG antibodies highest prevalence in the 26-35 age groups (50%) (P<0.05).The
study showed that in the 1st trimester, 11 cases (84.62%) tested positive for HPV B19 IgM antibodies, while 20 cases (71.43%) tested positive for IgG antibodies.Among women with three abortions, a higher proportion tested positive for HPV B19 antibodies, with 76.92% testing positive for HPV B19IgM and 82.14% testing positive for IgG, among women residing in rural areas, a higher proportion tested positive, with 76.92% testing positive for
HPV B19 IgM antibodies and 75% testing positive for HPV B19 IgG antibodies. In the normal weight category, 69.23% tested positive for HPV B19 IgM antibodies, and 82.14% tested positive for IgG antibodies. Aborted women have a higher prevalence of Parvovirus HPV B19 IgM and IgG than control groups, suggesting a potential association between B19 infection and pregnancy loss.

The current study included an assessment of the pollution index (WPI) for house waste water collected in five sites in Mosul city, depending on some physical and chemical analyzes of twelve samples of water from these sites distributed on both sides of theright and left in Mosul city for seven months, starting from August 2022 until February of 2023, which was collected a sample from each month and analyzed in a laboratory to evaluate the characteristics of this water, For Chemical Oxygen demand, Biological Oxygen demand, sodium, Phosphates, sulfates, nitrates, chlorides, turbidity PH, magnesium, calcium. The results indicated that the values of the water pollution Index (WPI) were between (1.0-2.0) in sites 1, 3, 4, and 5. Thus, the water of the studied sites is of Moderately polluted (ΙΙΙ), suitable effect casting in the river, while WPI values are in Location 2 was less than 1.0 of pure type (ΙΙ)

Toxoplasma gondii, a parasite that can produce a wide range of clinical
symptoms in humans, is the source of the zoonotic infection known as
Toxoplasmosis. The goal of this study was to measure the serum levels of anticardiolipin
(ACL) antibodies (ACL-IgM and ACL-IgG) in 200 women with T.gondii and recurrent abortions.
Two hundred (200) blood samples from aborted women were used in this study, which was carried out in Kirkuk between November 1, 2022, and March 21, 2023, at the Gynaecological & Paediatric Hospital and Kirkuk General Hospital to determine the level of Anticardiolipin IgG and IgM serum. In this study of 200 aborted women, 28 (14%) had IgM positivity, 66
(33%) had IgG positivity, and 94 (47%) had Toxoplasmosis positivity overall. Of 200 aborted women, 39 (19.5%) had anticardiolipin IgM while 35 (17.5%) had Anticardiolipin IgG.
The anticardiolipin IgM higher than anticardiolioin IgG in the Toxoplasmosis infected women.

The research included the description of a simple indirect spectrophotometric method for the determination of Metformin, which depended on the oxidation of Metformin with an amount of N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of acetic acid and the excess amountof it oxidized the dye Eriochrome black-T, and the absorption was measured at 520 nm, and the molar absorption coefficient was 4 × 104 L / mol. cm, indicating the sensitivity of the method. And compliance with Beer's law for concentrations ranged from (2-16) micrograms. ML-1, the method was characterized by good accuracy and compatibility, with a recoverability of 100.155%. While the relative standard deviation was less than 1.0.The method was applied to pharmaceutical preparations of Metformin hydrochloride