ADAB AL-BASRAH

This study investigates the Iraqi academics’ perspective towards social and political cartoons. It is based on 92 participants who work in different workplaces and live in different Iraqi regions, during the period of the data collection, to guarantee as much authentic and varied information as possible. The researcher designed a double-layered questionnaire consisting of 8 close-ended questions (layer 1) and 4 open-ended questions (layer 2) to quantitatively and qualitatively examine the level of effectiveness of these c on the participants’ social and political attitudes. In addition, the researcher adopted Radden and Dirven’s (2007) taxonomy of modality to inspect the most frequent modal auxiliaries the respondents utilized in their answers to the open-ended questions so as to contextually interpret the meaning of these modals verbs. The collected data were intended to answer the research questions. The results of the study showed that social and political cartoons were limitedly able to affect the participants’ social attitudes due to their social values and legacy. However, these cartoons were notably found successful to affect their political attitudes. The results also indicated that although social and political cartoons were a successful device to depict and convey reality, they were unable to address the Iraqi people’s challenges with practical solutions. These latter findings explained why the participants very frequently utilized modals of potentiality, assessment, and willingness rather than those of assertion in their replies to the open-ended questions

This research sheds some light on the cases of imperfect noun in Arabic when it is defined by using the definite article ‘al’ (the), being added to anther name (addition), indefinite, stoppage, and relation. Therefore, the researcher demonstrated the famous and infamous views in analyzing this noun. The Arabic grammatical methods and rules set for that noun in cases of relation and stoppage, calling, elision, relation, and calling were explained. The researcher also mentioned the nouns that are similar to the imperfect noun then explicated the nouns that are changed for the sake of poetic meter. All these processes were discussed to ensure that the rules of the Arab grammarians have reflected lingual reality. Additionally, the analysis of the imperfect noun facilitated recogising whether the Quranic readings and poetic rules might be different from what they believe to be the perfect and the most accurate forms. The present research included the following chapters, an introduction, preface, a conclusion and bibliography.

The present research was intended to explore the linguistic phenomena related to the structures of the names of the sea. It focused on the phonological phenomena, such as: spatial flip over and substitution, site compensation, vocal offense, and morphological phenomena, such as: derivation, Arabization, intruder, birth, and the abundance of formulas indicating exaggeration, and semantic phenomena, such as semantic affinity, contrast, opposites, verbal joint, and some aspects of semantic development, such as the allocation of significance and generalization, and the transfer of the field of significance to a similar relationship and others. There are many names, nearly sixty names other than the sea. Some of these names are derived from one linguistic root, and most of them are proper nouns transmitted from their attributes, by which they were overcome and called.

The current study is concerned with analyzing and investigating ideologies in Marquez's Tuesday Siesta as encoded by certain semantic structures following van Dijk’s (1995) linguistic model of ideology. The analysis demonstrated the nature of relationships between the rich and the poor communities, exposing their culture(s), i.e. their way of living, attitudes, social norms, customs, traditions, and views. Through lexical and linguistic analysis, the present study also showed a type of ''clashing ideologies'' between Mrs. Centeno and the priest, which can be a helpful instrument in investigating the short story, Tuesday Siesta.

This research does not primarily focus on Massignon’s life and works, but rather on those who write and publish about Massignon’s life and his spiritual experiences, philosophical ideas and literary works. At the same time, it answers questions such as: How did these scholars receive Massignon’s works, and why were there different responses to his works and personality? Some of the scholars described him as a colonial preacher, while other scholars considered him as a father of spiritual mysticism in the West, however, the a third group of scholars regarded him as an advocate of peace and non-violence, and they called him a Gandhi of France who fought the policy of violence. This research aims to shed light on the whole story of Massignon throughout an investigation of some publications which have deallt with Masonian’s works. It also claims that all the previous readings were tackled one aspect, or focused on one side of Masonian’s works, life and activities. Hence, the present study will show how Masonian’s works, life and activities have become one of the most important tools to refute the imperial hegemony and colonial domination power.

A common and frequently used terminology in language books is the first nucleus in knowing the form of meaning, from which other ranks are named. Additionally, its semantic uses differ from its linguistic ones. Grammar uses a coordinate function that lacks the overlapping aspects of the grammatical meaning. As for dictionaries, the power of grammatical rules could not be avoided; instead, only essential grammatical rules have been used. In the Holy Qur’an, the semantic forms vary and are closely intertwined with other images of the Qur’an. For instance, the single word has become a semantic structure independent from the other components of the sentence

There are several justifications including; the political, strategic, and social justifications in addition to several other ones that triggered the present research to discuss the British economy. Following the history of the British economic relations since the end of World War II until the mid-sixties of the last century, it has been observed that this era was charcterised by the push and pull tendency, depending on the policy of the two parties workers and conservatives. It has also depended upon the economic goals and social vision to serve their programs, which they have declared before voting in all of the parliamentary elections. The focus of both parties on the economic side has been the first indicator to win or lose in the British election, especially when Britain emerged from the war and its economy has hit a status of weakness and deterioration that reflected on the political side. Due to the British military capabilities and political status as a major power at both Europe and the globe, there was a need to forcify its internal status by drawing the right steps to an integrated economy and that what the British conservative Party has tried to achieve during its tenure as prime minister during nearly the decade and a half. Thus, the present study focused on the British relations during the conservative Party government (1951 - 1964) to invesitigate the importance of these relations in the promotion and consolidation of British interior situation.

Hamid Al-Matba’ee had his cultural role in Iraq, and his role has been summarized in what he produced from his work in journalism starting in the year 1965, and his literary and encyclopedic productions centered around Iraqi cultural figures. Al-Matba’ee lived in an important historical stage in the contemporary history of Iraq that had its intellectual, political and cultural consequences. He left his own mark on the nature of his writings and directions, in which he focused on journalism and the various articles he produced. He also wrote about personalities and books in travel literature. The study aims at focusing on the cultural role of Hamid Al-Matba’ee through his work in journalism, his travels in some cities in Iraq, and his writing about personalities. The research was divided into three sections. The first introduced Al-Matba’ee’s autobiography. The second section discussed his cultural role from 1965-2018, and his press productions, articles and publications. Finally, the third presented his various cultural works.

This research deals with the European ambitions in Cambodia during the 16th century, as more and more Europeans reached Southeast Asia by sea after Portuguese trips around Cape of Good Hope. The Spanish and Portuguese "invaders" were able to annex the region relying on small armies using gunpowder and cannons, but they did not, and instead they settled in the country, and some of them assumed positions in the Cambodian royal court. Moreover, Cambodia and Siam controlled Cambodia during the 17th century until the end of the 18th century. Cambodia was a flourishing marine kingdom, and as a result both Siam and Vietnam were able to annex many lands, as well as effectively controlled the Cambodian royal family.

The study focused on the beginnings of the spread of Christianity in Mesopotamia and the ways followed by evangelists or missionaries to teach their beliefs. Mesopotamia widely accepted the message of the Christ because of the presence of the Jews who were more open to Christianity than the Jews in Palestine. This is because of their suffering in Iraq, therefore, their good news of salvation was through the approval of Christianity. The entrance of Christianity was through the northern areas such as Raha and its neighbourhood such as Nisibeen. Messengers were able to spread Evangelism in the northern areas to Mesopotamia such as Hudyab (Mosul), Kirkuk, then they moved down to the central areas Like Kishkar, Madain, Hierah up to the southern areas like Meysan and Basrah Euphrates. The researcher focused on following the areas where Christianity spread in Mesopotamia during the first centuries AD. He also followed the messengers who were spreading Christianity in those areas.

Digitization has taken on an important role in the seaports recently, especially in the container ports. It has provided the ports with all the data and information pertaining to the goods and the services needed by the ships upon their arrival at the port. In addition, the Asian continent topped an advanced role in this field, as China occupies almost 50% of this activity. The activity in the first twenty global stations in 2018 has dealt with the advantages of orientation by using digitization in the container terminals, and the extent of its applicability in seaports. The present study attempted to update the electronic services during the performance of the tasks of uploading and downloading, as well as using the technical skilled workforce to increase the production capacity of maritime transportation.

Medical geography focuses on studying health care services in terms of their distribution, spatial variation and measuring their efficiency and adequacy. All countries and societies pay attention to providing an efficient and appropriate health system in order to create a healthy and safe environment for its residents. The extent of progress and economic development in any country is measured through the level of the health services provided to its population. This definitely contributes to raising the level of public health and limiting the spread of diseases. The present study aims at investigating the reality of the efficiency of health care services in Basrah Governorate represented by the material elements such as hospitals, primary health care centers, medical beds, and human elements represented by th medical workforce including health and nursing professionals. For this purpose, the researchers depended upon the official data published by the Basrah Health Department in 2018, which relied on a set of global and local health indicators. The results obtained revealed the low level of efficiency of health care services with their physical and human elements, their spatial variation at the level of their districts, and the lack of justice in their spatial distribution in a manner that is consistent with the population size of the districts of the study area.

The religious function, through its institutions, provides a service to the human being and represents the spiritual engagement between him and the Creator. The society and the cities were marked by this close relationship with the presence of the religious function. The city of Al-Zubair is one of the cities that was founded on the religious factor in 1571. Religious functionalism was linked to its early stages and developed with passage of time in addition to the development of the city itself until it arrived to the state in which it is now, with the presence of (101) devotional religious institutions that occupied what they wiped out (66369 square meters) in addition to the presence of two cemeteries.Thees institutions differed in their numbers and reas and specializations including mosques, hussainiyat, and hospices, except the cemeteries. The present study aims at presenting the religious functions and the distribution of these institutions within the city differed due to the historical factors, social legacy and the planning considerations in the city of Al-Zubair and this is what the research aims at.

The research aims at evaluating the file of the names of Iraqi bodies in the library and manuscripts of Al-Abbas Holy Shrine through the technical procedures followed by the indexers in the Center for Indexing and Information Systems. The study is also intended to identify the extent of application of international rules and standards related to drafting by approved header entries for the names of Iraqi bodies and the fields associated with them in the authority record. The latest rules included the description and availability of sources (WAM: RDA) and the MARC 21 communication form, in terms of the methodology used, the implementation procedures related to the technical aspects, problems, challenges and methods of facing them, as well as the identification of quality control when it has been matched with the regional and international authority files. To accomplish this research, the descriptive approach (case study) was adopted to describe and evaluate the file of the names of Iraqi bodies in the library and manuscripts index of the Al-Abbas Holy Shrine. Among the most important data collection tools were the relevant sources, personal interviews, notes, and a checklist for the library and manuscript database.

The topic of religion in the philosophical thought in general, and the Greek thought in particular, is one of the important topics at the level of human thinking in various historical eras, and the topic of religion in Plato’s philosophy has received considerable the attention of researchers, thinkers and philosophers because of its important place in Plato's philosophy. Some of Plato's views and philosophical theories were of a religious nature, as the religious tendency appeared overtly in some of his writings. Therefore, the present study focused on five issues, namely: first, his life and the idea of his religion; second, God according to Plato (the supreme religious image); third, providence (manifestations of the religious in the material world); fourth, the proverbial theory (the image of the religious paradoxes); and fifth, the soul (the engine of religious behavior). Regarding Plato’s life, he was born in (429 BC) on the western island of Aegina from the Greek Attic coast, and lived during the period in which Athens was suffering the ravages of the Peloponnesian wars, and he died in (328 BC). Plato belonged to a noble, aristocratic family in Athens during the reign of Pericles, and his lineage combined glory and dominance on both sides. Plato also narrated in Timaeus that he had an intimate connection with Solon.