Sumer University Journal for humanity science

This study deals with the town of Buwazij al-Mulk, located in the south of the Euphrates Island, and examines its religious, political, and scientific conditions, as it witnessed religious and intellectual activity in the pre-Islamic era represented by the spread of Christianity in it, and it was considered one of the bishoprics under the leadership of the Church of Beth Karmai (currently Kirkuk). Syriac sources preserved for us the names of a number of bishops who assumed the presidency and care of the church organization in Buwazij and its environs, as it shows us the
importance of this bishopric. The town also played a role in the Islamic era after it was annexed to the borders of the Arab Islamic state in the era of conquests in the Rashidun era, and Arab Muslims settled there alongside Christians. In later periods, the town was affected by the political events witnessed by the Abbasid state; as it was the center of two opposition movements against the Abbasid state, then it was affected by the political conflicts between the powers that dominated the Abbasid Caliphate, such as the Seljuks and the Atabegs. Buwazij also witnessed intellectual activity with the emergence of a number of scholars who excelled in Islamic sciences and left their scientific impact on Islamic cities.

There is something very important hidden in all these publications, and this matter can be summarized in two aspects: the first is in scientific giving, liberating the mind, and deepening knowledge to the point of bearing responsibility and not being satisfied with superficial matters. The master expressed in one of his lessons, “I do not want a shallow seminary.” He also said in the introduction to one of his works, the gist of which is that my works are not newspapers, meaning that they require contemplation, deliberation, and conscious, focused, and in-depth reading, meaning that whoever expects to read these works as he reads newspapers and journals will not get anything....

This research deals with studying the concept of dramatizing the poem, and its impact on enriching the theatrical process, with the application of this theoretical concept to the dramatization of the poem "Booby Birds" from the collection "No One Told Me I Was Defeated" by the poet Haitham Al-Zubaidi. It was necessary for the research to discuss the relationship of dramatizing the poem with related concepts such as theatrical preparation, as well as the development of the idea of dramatization and its origin.
The research aims to study the elements of creativity in the overlap of different literary genres, with a special focus on the genres of the poem and the play, and the production of a new work that bears their characteristics, through the presence of a director who possesses the tools of the theatrical. The overlap of more than one literary genre in one creative form is a type of contemporary engagement with the developments of the era, and the use of technology in translating human feelings and emotions that were formulated in the paper space into another type of expression, which we mean the kinetic space, and showing the extent to which the theatrical director, with all the artistic and creative authority he now possesses, has been able to achieve added value for both the theater and the poem alike.

The nature of the Arab narrative in the writings of the Egyptian writer Amina Khalil has a great influence on the Arab street and the Egyptian street in particular. The writings of Amina Khalil were distributed in a beautiful short story mixed with the reality of the Egyptian and French street, and the writer used an easy language with clear meaning in order to convey wisdom and information to the future.

The current research aims to identify the effect of (the critical friend strategy on the achievement of students of basic education colleges and the development of life effectiveness skills in the specialized teaching methods course), and the researcher followed the experimental method, as it is the closest to achieving the objectives of his research, and the research sample consisted of (72) male and female students from the Department of First Grade Teachers / College of Basic Education / Sumer University, divided into an experimental group consisting of (35) male and female students and a control group consisting of (37) male and female students, and the researcher prepared a post-test for achievement consisting of (30) objective paragraphs and (10) essay paragraphs, so that the total number of test paragraphs was (40) paragraphs. The researcher confirmed the validity and reliability of the test, and the pre-post life effectiveness skills scale, which consisted of (30) five-alternative paragraphs, which the researcher applied to the research sample. After correcting the test, the results of the study showed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group, and the researcher presented a set of proposals and recommendations.

The current research aims to identify "the level of teaching practices among Arabic language teachers according to the theory of multiple intelligences". The researcher followed the descriptive approach to achieve the research goal. The research sample consisted of (50) male and female teachers, (25) male teachers and (25) female teachers specializing in Arabic language, on the staff of the schools of the Qalat Sukkar Education Department affiliated to the General Directorate of Education in Dhi Qar Governorate for the academic year (2023-2024). To achieve the research goal, the researcher adopted the research tool represented by the Multiple Intelligences Scale, which in its final form consists of (40) paragraphs distributed over eight areas. After applying the scale and statistically analyzing the results using the t-test for one independent sample, the results showed that the level of teaching practices of Arabic language teachers according to the theory of multiple intelligences was (always) in environmental/natural intelligence and self-intelligence, and (sometimes) in practicing linguistic intelligence, visual intelligence, social intelligence, kinetic intelligence, and rhythmic/musical intelligence, while in mathematical/logical intelligence it was (Rarely), the researcher also extracted the statistical differences between male and female
teachers in teaching practices according to the theory of multiple intelligences by using the t-test for two independent samples. The results showed a statistically significant difference between them in favor of the teachers. Then the researcher interpreted all the results and in light of that, the researcher presented some suggestions and recommendations.

During the reign of Caliph Al-Wathiq Billah, the Abbasid state experienced a period of relative stability alongside significant political and religious challenges. Politically, Caliph Al-Wathiq continued to strengthen the role of the Turks in the army, which increased their influence in the state and complicated the management of governance affairs. Al-Wathiq also supported the Mutazilites doctrine and continued to implement the policy of the creation of the Quran, which sparked widespread controversy and created tensions between scholars and society, especially between Sunnis and Mutazilites. Socially, Al-Wathiq had a notable impact on economic conditions. The country has faced some challenges such as corruption and high taxes that have affected people's livelihoods. Despite the religious tensions, the cultural and scientific life in Baghdad continued to thrive. The caliph Al-Wathiq supported scholars and thinkers who aligned with his views. However, the gap between social classes widened, and the public suffered from economic and social pressures. The reign of Al-Mutawakkil Billah was dominated by political and religious tensions, but it also witnessed a continuation of cultural
and scientific development in Baghdad which justifies the contradictions and challenges faced by the Abbasid state during that period.

Iraqi literary criticism has evolved through multiple stages, shifting from merely correcting linguistic errors to embracing ideological, psychological, and aesthetic perspectives on texts. The latter half of the 20th century played a major role in the flourishing of criticism, with external scholarships and the poetic renewal movement contributing to the development of the critical landscape. Prominent critics from various generations emerged, advancing this movement. With the advent of the 21st century, critics began to focus more on studying theories and terminology, which sometimes led them to concentrate on criticism itself at the expense of literary works. This created a gap between critics and writers, making criticism increasingly self-focused

The current research aims to identify the extent of the availability of future thinking skills among teachers of gifted schools in Dhi Qar Governorate from their point of view. Based on the nature of the research, the descriptive approach was used. To achieve the research objectives, The researcher designed a questionnaire consisting of (52) skills distributed over five areas: (future planning, future prediction, future visualization, future problem solving, and future evaluation). The validity and reliability of the tool were verified. The study sample consisted of (140) male and female teachers from the gifted schools in the Nasiriyah Education Department, with (77) male teachers and (63) female teachers, who were chosen intentionally. The tool was applied to the study sample, and the results showed that the extent of the availability of future thinking skills among the gifted school teachers in Dhi Qar Governorate, from their point of view, was high.

The ministry is considered one of the basic systems in Islamic politics, as it has gone through several stages since the era of the message. The Messenger Muhammad (may God bless him and his family and grant them peace) gave the title of minister to some of the companions, which indicates the importance of this system. The ministry emerged clearly in the Abbasid era, as it is the cornerstone of
any political system, as the minister bears many tasks and duties. This research deals with the emergence and development of the ministry, as well as the administrative system in the Islamic era through archaeological sources, analysing how these sources contributed to shaping the modern understanding of that period. The research also focuses on the organization of states and regions, and the roles played by administrative centers in supporting stability and civilizational prosperity, while shedding light on the ministry system in the Abbasid era, which witnessed remarkable developments. Ministers enjoyed wide influence and great responsibilities, including managing governmental and financial affairs in that era. The Builds dominated Iraq and Iran, which greatly affected the political system. Despite the continuation of the Abbasid Caliphate, actual power was in the hands of the Builds. In the Seljuk era, the Abbasid caliphs regained some of their influence, but the Seljuk sultans enjoyed great power. Especially in the military and administrative fields. These transformations in the ministerial system reflect the profound political and social changes that the Islamic world witnessed during those periods.

The research aims to identify the psychopathic personality among university students and to know the differences in this personality according to gender (males, females). To achieve the two required goals, the researcher developed the Psychopathic Personality Scale (Moataz Muhammad Ubaid, 2020), which includes 53 paragraphs. The psychometric properties of the scale (validity and reliability) were verified, and appropriate statistical methods were used. The results showed that university students of both sexes have psychopathic personality traits, and there are no differences according to gender.

The The present study aimed to investigate the reality of the application of soft ,In this study, the researcher adopted the descriptive approach, and the study population consisted of girls’ education colleges in Iraq, and the research sample was the College of Education for Girls, Shatra University. The research sample included (115) male and female teachers, and the study scale was prepared after reviewing the studies of Hamid (2021) and Hassan (2024 )
The results of the research were as follows: The first result was that the teachers had knowledge and expertise in soft skills, but their application was random and unorganized, and this research came to activate the role of skills in an organized manner. The second result was that there were statistically significant differences in favor of females, with an arithmetic average of (113.30), and the third result was A
function in favor of those 10 years and older because its arithmetic mean is 112 and the arithmetic mean for 10 years and younger is 110

The book “Revealing the Truths of Revelation and the Eyes of Sayings in the Faces of Interpretation” by Abu al-Qasim Mahmoud bin Omar bin Muhammad al-Zamakhshari al-Khwarizmi, known as Jarallah, is one of the oldest and most comprehensive Qur’anic interpretations that imbued the Mu’tazila approach in speech because its author, al-Zamakhshari, emerged in the fifth century AH from the great Mu’tazila men who were their imams. A significant impact on enriching Islamic thought. This article studies the style of fanqalah by Jar Allah Al-Zamakhshari in his rhetorical analyzes in his great interpretation Al-Kashshaf of the Truths of Revelation and the Eyes of Sayings in the Faces of Interpretation, relying on the descriptive and analytical approach The results of the research indicate that Al-Zamakhshari relied on the method of verses to approach many aspects and present and discuss different issues. It also allowed him to expand the meaning of the verses and enrich his interpretation with distinctive topics in various arts. Of rhetoric, grammar, morphology, drawing, doctrine, jurisprudence, and others. As for the assumptions related to rhetoric, they were the prominent aspect of Al-Kashaf, and Al-Zamakhshari employed the method of narrations to expand research into rhetorical issues that reveal the secret of systems Then, Al-Zamakhshari
distinguished between metonymy and exposition and differentiated between them. Then the science of badi’ did not receive the attention that the other two sections of the science of rhetoric received, namely the science of rhetoric and the science of meanings. The reason for this from the point of view of the study goes back to his view of this branch as a tail of them. Therefore, he included his issues in the issues pertaining to these two sciences, such that the issue relates to explanation and meanings and overlaps with them.

This research is concerned with the results, data, and elements that constitute the theory of semantic fields. It formed a specific field, lexicography and semantics, until it later became a strong, solid, coherent theory with its own method and structures. We are not exaggerating in saying that it is a complex, thorny issue that overshadows parts of the aspects of the language. This science, i.e., semantics, is a science that all sciences overlap with, and for this reason. Semantics has become a comprehensive science. If the reader wants to know the meaning of any particular piece of literature, he must study it at all morphological, phonetic, lexical, and syntactic levels and study the interconnected relationships between all these levels. If we look a little deeper, we find that semantics is what organizes these levels, from where it emerges and to which it returns, enriching and providing the researcher. With the linguistic repertoire, it does not stop at the limits of the researcher only, but also the speaker of any language, whatever it may be, by clarifying and clarifying all
the basic concepts related to this theory from. Through its lexical and idiomatic meaning and clarifying its importance, semantic dimensions, and the relationships that make up it.