TASLEEM JOURNAL

This research deals with the issue of the efforts to explain the significance of the Quranic pauses, and that is because many of those who wrote in the Quranic language and interpretation wanted to prove that there is harmony between music and significance in the Quranic pauses, so they justified the reasons for the Quranic commas in the form in which they came according to their point of view, to say that their presence takes a well-known arrangement, it is not for the musical rhythm only, but rather it has connotations consistent with the context of the verse, but rather with the context of the entire surah. If some of them were successful in this reasoning and gained what convinces the reader without any effort, then a large number of them were not successful in their reasoning. This research sheds light on the authors of the elaborate reasoning in clarifying the significance of the Quranic commas, and discussing their opinions objectively .

This modest philosophical-linguistic research aims to trace the meaning of charity, its ways, and its goals. This is as indicated by the linguistic structure and conceptual significance of the noble Prophetic hadith, which reads: “He said: What is ihsan? He said: To worship God as if you see him, and if you do not see him, then He see you. This is according to an analytical philosophical reading, which took the approach of the philosophy of language in reading texts as a way to achieve the research objectives. The focus was, according to the need of the research, on: First, an attempt to define the philosophy of language and determine its topics. Second, it is to identify the concept of charity and determine its moral, religious and philosophical connotations. Third , it is to conduct a philosophical-linguistic reading of the structure of the aforementioned hadith, its meanings and connotations.

This research aims to explore the features and manifestations of the image of ‘the world’ in the book "Nahj al-Balagha" by Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib (peace be upon him). This is done through an analysis of one of the most significant sermons in the book, which discusses the world, its conditions, and the state of humans within it. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) condemns the world in this sermon, describing the human condition and relationship with it, emphasizing that humans are the highest beings in existence, created to implement the word of Allah, the Almighty, on earth. The sermon also calls for asceticism in this transient world.
Additionally, this research presents an aesthetic and artistic study of selected sermons which address the world and its conditions. It aims to highlight the aesthetic aspects of these sermons and their impact on clarifying the image of the world, as well as reminding individuals of their responsibilities within it.

The present study deals with the structural and cadence schema of the sermon of Lady Fatima Al-Zahra, Al-Fadakya. There are two sections: The first section talks about the external rhythm, the sermon parts and its connotations. It also goes through the phenomenon of intellectual rhythm and intertextuality. However, the second section tackles the syntactic connotations such as interrogatives and the phenomenon of using accusative cases: the causative and the adverb.
The final results conclude that the preacher invested effective communication and methods to convey certain messages and engrave them in the souls of believers.

The current research attempts to identify the aesthetic features of rhetorical formation in the literature of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him), after examining the concepts of aesthetic and text in language and terminology, then it studies the personality of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him). The study focuses on the short، concise and expressive speeches on various occasions. The research studies the rhetorical arts: eloquence, rhetoric and semantics that enrich his texts and commemorate them throughout history, and identifies their aesthetic impact، through selected examples from the texts of the Imam (peace be upon him).
The research employs an analytical approach in dealing with the texts of Imam Hassan (peace be upon him) allowing the texts to be decipherable in sequential steps. It starts from perceiving the poetic text as a first step to know the direct and primary content in the text to analyzing the text and its structure according to an aesthetic vision that reproduces the text after examining its various aesthetics.

The subject of this study is "The Rhetoric of Imam Hussein (peace be upon him) as it manifests in his Speeches, Messages, and Dialogues."
The study consists of three sections: an introduction, a detailed discussion of the study issues, and a conclusion. The introduction defines the subject and its scope and the methodology used in the study. It explains the concepts of discourse and rhetoric, and highlights that the rhetoric of Imam Hussein (pbuh) aims to influence and persuade the recipient. Moreover, the study notes that Muslim scholars have extensively written on this topic and encouraged the use of rhetoric.
The main part of the study ranges systematically over various issues. It starts by realizing that Imam Hussein's rhetoric and discourse stem from religious and social tenets and concludes that revolting against the oppressive ruler and striving to reform the Islamic nation are a religious duty. Consequently, Imam Hussein, is the most responsible and worthy to start the acts of change, and he fears Allah the almighty in case he does not act. Therefore, it was necessary to expose the true nature of the Umayyad ruler, who not only oppressed but also stopped enacting the traditions of the prophet and innovated in religion.
Thus, it was a religious obligation to revolt against him and now as supporters declare readiness in their many books, the decision to revolt was made.
This requires defining the unique personality of the leader capable of changing his pathway in life and compares it to those of the ruler.
This showed a wide gap between the two personalities and pathways. The study also reveals that the contemplations in the speeches of Imam Hussein (pbuh) reflecting a spiritual and philosophical self-struggle that controls oneself. The study presents supporting evidence to that idea. This approach can be a model for Muslims and revolutionaries around the world to revolt against every oppressive ruler in any time or place. The study also examines two speeches as models of the effectiveness and elegance of the rhetoric.
The conclusion summarizes the main findings of the study. Since the study was about rhetoric , it focused on the analysis of rhetoric tools, utility, and effectiveness for each reference to the speeches, messages, and dialogues..

The narrator aims to infuse various themes and ideas into their storytelling, creating a sense of wonder and giving the narrative a unique identity.it reflects both their personality and the story itself. Stylistics is a crucial aspect of this process, as it is essential for crafting narratives that carry cultural, political, and ideological meaning. It involves using specific language features that align the narrative with established patterns. This needs a stylistic consideration arising from the observation that our society constantly evolves due to cultural diversity. Consequently, understanding is a key factor when it comes to analyze these narratives and discern their stylistic values. For the research project, the novel "Tashshari" by In`aam Kajji serves as the central focus, as it embodies many of these principles and ideas.

This critical research examines the phenomenon of the "Chronotope" or the concept of "Chronologicity" (the interplay of time and space) in poetry collection called " Ma Youfasiruhu Albayadh’ by Salam Al-Banai. This modest study revolves around the manifestations of time and space in the poetic text, with the aim of introducing the concept of "Chronotope" as a critical term that paves the way for understanding the poet's vision. This is achieved by utilizing the Chronotope or the spatial-temporal concept as both a theoretical and practical term, or as a fundamental and significant procedural concept for exploring the depths of the creative text. The study focuses on the complex and unified structures of the texts, observing the visible and the hidden ones, exploring the explicit and implied meanings, and elucidating the overall direct and indirect functions associated with "Chronotope" in all its forms.
The Russian literary scholar Mikhail Bakhtin’s definition of this term determines the chronotopic unity of the literary work in its relation to the actual reality. Therefore, the chronotope in the creative text always includes an evaluative moment that cannot be separated from the overall artistic chronotope except in abstract analysis.
Among the reasons that prompted the researcher to study the texts of the collection ‘ Ma Youfasiruhu Albayadh ’ (English as: What Whiteness Reveals) by the poet Salam Al-Bannai, according to the duality of time and space within the text and as a central and driving force for content and vision are two things: The first one of them is the self-assurance in the poet's ability to use this duality in a unique way, as it conveys the reality experienced by the Iraqi people in general and the intellectuals in particular during a specific period of time mentioned by the poet in the text, which is predominantly characterized by the poet's personal experiences, as well as issues related to the Iraqi people, their concerns, desires, and even their deprivation. It encompasses the history filled with wars, defeats, upheavals, and at times failure, along with the poet's personal feelings or those of people around him. The second is related to the abundance of times and places in the texts that play a central role in the development of the text and its creative structure, and the necessity to document this era, which was later known in creative terminologies as the "Zaitouni (colour of green olives) era," referring to the colour of the military uniforms and the clothing of the tyrannical authority at that time and the use of spatial duality within a time frame that is intertwined with the setting in texts, and how could that drive us to the conviction of alienation and anguish.
The study has been conducted according to topics that are imposed by the texts. The first section deals with exploring the relationship between chronotope and the title due to the significance and close connection between the title and the content of the texts, as the title serves as an expression of the vision conveyed throughout the entire collection. The study focuses on the main title of the collection, elucidating its linguistic and intellectual formulation and its major theme. Subheadings and titles of the texts held significant importance in terms of their relationship to the chronotope and its manifestations in the collection; therefore, they are necessary to be analyzed.
The second section represents the manifestations of the central place and secondary locations in light of temporal change. The study focuses on both central and peripheral places in the texts, considering the changes in time and place that create a unique chronotope within the poetic context where the importance of these places varies according to the poet's intent, psychological state, and creativity. It includes also a study about a city that remains unnamed, exploring its role as a seal on the memory of the poet; and the starting point for his life which represents both the beginning and the end of this life.
And the third one tackles the chronotope of characters and memory. In studying any creative texts, the role of memory cannot be ignored, as it stands in parallel with imagination and talent. Therefore, in texts where the study of the chronotope theme is emphasized, the researcher must delve into the characters and their interaction with memory. In this section, the chronotope of war is studied as one of the prominent chronotope that shared a significant common factor in most texts, exploring its impact on the collection as a whole, individuals, and the poet's stance towards it.