Al-Fatih journal

The aim of this study is to detect the math anxiety test among higher basic stage students and its relationship with students’ attitudes toward mathematics, the researchers used the Description Correlational Method due to its appropriateness to the nature of this study, where the community of the study included all students in the higher basic Stage (8th grade) in the Second Amman Directorate's (3254) student. A simple random was chosen from the original study community, (200) students from four schools. The researchers used a questionnaire to measure math test anxiety for Suinn (Suinn Test Anxiety Scale) which consisted of (33) paragraph, and students attitude questionnaire toward mathematics that developed by Abu Zeina and Kilani, which consisted of (28) paragraph, which applied on the study sample. Pearson Correlation Coefficient was applied to find the relationship between Math Anxiety and the attitudes towards mathematics. The study came up with the following results:
• Math anxiety test for the students in the higher basic stage was between medium and high levels.
• Student's attitudes towards of mathematics among students in the high basic stage were between medium and high levels.
• There is negative relationship between math test anxiety and students attitudes towards mathematics, the Pearson correlation coefficient between them equals (-0.47).

On the basis that the language is a set of skills that require mental processes performance. This study aims to analyze the relation between Visual Thinking including its mental processes, and Spelling Learning as one of the language branches. The nature of the cognitive structure of Visual Thinking and its relation to Spelling Learning was explained. Likewise, the Visual Thinking that depends on the mental processes which can be developed through Spelling Learning. This was followed by a number of suggested applied models for the development of mental processes in Visual Thinking through Spelling Learning. At last, a number of suggestions were provided in order to develop Spelling Learning in light of its relation to Visual Thinking.

The study aimed to provide a proposed program to develop students’ skills in designing Augmented Reality technology among students of Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University and its impact on increasing their learning motivation. A total of (30) students, who were taught the subject of Educational Technology from Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, participated in the study. To achieve the aim of the study, the researcher designed a list of the instructional Design’ skills that should be provided when designing Augmented Reality technology and a product evaluation card for the Augmented Reality which is designed by the students and A motivation scale for learning for the students. Suitable Statistical tools were used. The result showed that the students benefited from the proposed educational program and achieved the level of proficiency in designing Augmented Reality technology and that the program increased their motivation to learn and their interest in the content. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations were suggested. Some of the most important recommendations were:
conducting training sessions for faculty members and students at the university on the skills of designing the Augmented Reality in all courses and encouraging faculty members, students and researchers to take advantage of the potential of the Augmented Reality technology in the educational process and measuring the effectiveness of the proposed educational program.

The present study aims to identify the effectiveness of a training program based on educational design using electronic information resources to develop the skills of designing and producing training workshops for students of Princess Noura Bint Abdulrahman University, The sample of the study consisted of the total community of female students at Princess Noura bint Abdulrahman University during the academic year 1438/1437, the number of (52) students. The search tools consisted of a cognitive test and a note card, The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences in the level of (01.0) between the average score of the students in the study sample in the tribal and remote measurement of the cognitive test as well as the performance note card in the design of the workshops for the benefit of telemetry, And achieved an efficiency ratio of gain greater than 2.1 according to the Black equation. The program also proved effective in stimulating positive learning and providing students with the opportunity to engage in dialogue and constructive discussion through exchanging experiences among themselves,
With the guidance of the researcher (professor of the course) for them and the delivery of feedback, which contributed to the development of their ability to design and implement workshops. The training program also helped students to participate in building new knowledge and scientific communication, thus enriching the learning process, While encouraging the collective achievement of female students in building new knowledge and applying it, and exchanging views and experiences which increases the individual learner's experience and thus achieve the objectives of the study.

This study aimed to identify the using of technology by Islamic education teachers in teaching the secondary level students in Mecca.
To achieve this objective The researcher used the descriptive method. The study tool was a questionnaire distributed over the sample of the study consisting of (38) educational supervisors.
The results showed the followings:
The mean of the criterea (technical culture of teachers of Islamic education) was 3.61 (high).
The mean of the criterea (technical applications of teachers of Islamic education) was 3.36 (medium) .
The mean of the criterea (technical skills of teachers of Islamic education) was 2.32 (weak) .
There were no statistically significant differences at the level of (α ≤00,05) in the using of technology by the Islamic education teachers to the secondary level students from the point of view of educational supervisors according to the variables (experience and scientific qualification of the supervisor). Where the values of the significance level for both variables were greater than (0.05).

Recommendations:
1- The need to redouble efforts in the rehabilitation and preparation of teachers of Islamic education in technical terms.

2 - Holding training courses and workshops for Islamic education teachers in order to enable them to employ technology skills in education and Islamic education.

The researchs aims at:
1. Recognizing the types of multiple-intelligence available at Education College Students in Hama University.
2. Recognizing the differences in the availability of Multiple-Intelligences Types for Education College Students in Hama University according to the variable of gender.
The researchers used the analytic descriptive approach. They designed a scale for multiple intelligences as a basic tool to gather data. They developed the tool by reviewing the theoretical part, literary review and consulting specialized persons. They classified the questionnaira items as follows: the first group for general data, and the second group (48 items for 8 Multiple-Intelligences Types.
The research society consisted of (889 male/female) Education College undergraduate Students in Hama University. The random sample of participants rated 20% of the research society. It consisted of (177) teacher-students (70 male, 107 female).
The results were as follows:
• Social and linguistic intelligences are more available for Education College Students than other intelligences. The order of Multiple-Intelligences Types availability was as follows: (social, linguistic, body/kinesthetic, logical, natural, intrapersonal, musical, visual).
• There are statistically significant differences according to gender. Female had more social and linguistic intelligences whereas male had more visual and logical intelligences. However, there were no differences in (natural, musical, body/kinesthetic, and intrapersonal intelligences.

The study aimed at assessing early intervention programs for students with mental retardation in Makkah from the point of view of teachers. In order to accomplish the goal, the researchers designed a survey to assess early intervention programs in Makkah, which consisted of three areas, content of the program, the goals of the program and the teachers. Validity and reliability were calculated for the survey in which it was administered on the sample of the study which consisted of (30) families working in early intervention programs in Makkah.
The results showed that assessment of early intervention programs provided for children with mental retardation in Makkah from the point of view of teachers was higher in the area of the goals of the program with a mean of (3.69). then the area of teachers with mean of (3.67), then in the area of content with a mean of (3.64). results also showed no statistical significant differences at the level of assessing early intervention programs due to experience of teachers.

The problem of the this research is the general education students’ reluctance to the professions that promote the society and support its independence, as well as the students’ reluctance to join the technical colleges because of their misconceptions about these colleges. These problems resulted in adopting an integrated program between the Ministry of Education and the General Organization for Technical and Vocational Training for the qualification of human cadres in general education, the correction of the perspective of professions and professional positions, and improving the attitudes towards technical colleges and industrial institutes.
Therefore, the research tries to evaluate the technical and vocational rehabilitation program for secondary students from the participants’ viewpoints, which is being implemented within technical colleges and institutes affiliated of the General Organization for Technical and Vocational Training. The research focuses on evaluating the program in two units of the city of Buraidah, by analyzing the attitudes of the students enrolled in the program as a whole, and exploring the extent to which the program is successful in improving the students’ attitudes towards technical colleges in general. The research has attempted to answer the following questions:
1. What is the degree of assessment of the technical and vocational rehabilitation program for secondary students within technical and vocational education and training from the perspective of the enrolled students in two units of Buraidah city?
2- How different are the attitudes of students enrolled in the technical and vocational rehabilitation program for secondary students between the two units in terms of their evaluation of the program?
3- How different are the attitudes of students enrolled in the technical and vocational rehabilitation program for secondary students between the two units towards technical colleges?
4- What is the effectiveness of the technical and vocational rehabilitation program for secondary students in improving the enrolled students’ attitudes towards technical colleges?
5. What are the proposed perceptions needed to improve the technical and vocational rehabilitation program for secondary students from the enrolled students’ perspective?
The research used the descriptive method because of its relevance to the research subject and objectives to evaluate the technical and vocational rehabilitation program for secondary students within technical and vocational education and training in Buraidah from the general education students’ perspective , as well as to identify their attitudes towards joining the technical colleges, through the following instruments prepared by the researcher:
- A questionnaire to evaluate technical and vocational rehabilitation program for secondary students within technical and vocational education and training for the enrolled students from their perspective. (Closed and open because some questions are open-ended) (post)
- A questionnaire to measure the enrolled students’ attitudes towards joining technical colleges in general. (Pre and Post).
The main findings of this study include:
1- The degree of assessment of technical and vocational rehabilitation program for secondary students within technical and vocational education and training from perspective of students enrolled in the first program was "high" for all evaluation axes with an assessment rate of (75.78%).
2- There is a difference between the two units in the degree of assessment of technical and vocational rehabilitation program for secondary students from the enrolled students’ perspective, and in favor of the first unit, that is, the first unit differs in its assessment of the program from the second unit’s assessment.
3- There is a difference between the two units students in favor of the first unit in their attitudes towards the technical college, although the same technical and vocational rehabilitation program for secondary students was applied to the two different units.
4- The program has a positive impact on the students’ attitudes in the two different units towards the technical colleges affiliated of the General Organization for Technical and Vocational Training.
5- There are multiple accepted perspectives and sometimes unaccepted among the students enrolled in the program, the most important of which are the positives of acquiring new skills and professions.

Recommendations include:
- Developing a clear strategy for training and education that makes the outputs compatible with the requirements of the labor market, and take into account the current and future needs and priorities of the private sector.
- Paying attention to the field of curricula and methods of training and teaching in vocational and technical education, and give special attention to the mechanism of applying the curricula of vocational education in the general education stage.
- Paying more attention to the education and vocational training environment and infrastructure, in order to provide the conducive conditions for education and vocational technical training and work in various fields
- Increasing the number of programs provided by technical colleges and institutes affiliated of the General Organization for Technical and Vocational Training to provide many alternatives to join the student preference.
- Focusing on the preparing trainers’ cadres of high level of efficiency, as the success of the training programs depends primarily on their level of performance.
- Focusing in technical and vocational education and training programs on practical aspects together with theoretical aspects to develop and improve skills.

The research problem arises from the reluctance of some department head to apply the performance management and being non – compliant to a specific manner and certified system in terms of how to deal with subordinate staff members . the head of department usually seeks to avoid situations whenever he\she is obliged to discuss and debate with subordinate staff members to verify his\her assessment and evaluation of subordinate staff members, level of performance and the tendency to ease the restriction which are already imposed by the system on freedom and time of the head of department.

Abstract
The current study aims to:
1. identify the most important obstacles that prevent the application of electronic administration at the University of Diyala.
2. identify the most important technical obstacles that prevent the application of electronic administration at the University of Diyala.
3. identify the most important human obstacles that prevent the application of electronic administration at the University of Diyala.
4. identify the most important financial obstacles that prevent the application of electronic administration at the University of Diyala.
The sample of the study was 142 administrative leaders in the Presidency of Diyala University and its affiliated colleges. The researchers used a checklist as a tool for the current study. It consisted of (45) items distributed among (4) axes. The tool was applied for the academic year 2017-2018. The results was analyzed by using the suitable statistical means.
The Results
1. The number of axes that are no longer considered as obstacles is to one axis, which is the administrative axis.
2. The number of axes that were counted as obstacles were three axes: technical axis, axis of human resources and axis of financial affairs.
3. The administrative axis got a weighted average of (2.89) and weight percentage of (57.8). The technical axis got a weighted average of (3.44) and weight percentage of (68.8). Human resource axis got a weighted average of (3.28) and weight percentage of (65.6). The axis of financial affairs got a weighted average of (3.49) and weight percentage of (69.8).
4. The number of items counted as obstacles were (29) items, which constituted 64.44% of the total number of items, while the number of items that are no longer obstacles were (16) items, which constituted a proportion of (35.56) of the total number of the items.
Conclusions
In the light of the results of the research, the researchers reached at the following conclusions:
1. The existence of obstacles to the axes of electronic administration adopted in the current study (except for the administrative axis), with varying proportions and weights percentage which was a natural result due to the conditions that Diyala governorate experienced which adversely affected the development of the university institution.
2. Proper planning by the high leaders at the University of Diyala reflected positively to the employment of some programs and electronic techniques.
3. The design of the organizational structure of the University is compatible with the techniques and electronic programs necessary to implement electronic administration.
4. The deficit in the budget of the government reflected negatively on the optimal employment of information technology for the application of electronic administration in the University of Diyala.
5. The weakness of the programs and training courses in the development of human resources skills to use the electronic techniques.
The main recommendations of the study:
In light of the results of the research, the researchers recommend the following:
1. Granting an authority to the university institution to develop and change the laws and instructions related to the various administrative procedures.
2. Work on the development and updating of programs and courses in line with the variables of the current stage.
3. Dissemination of the culture of change among the members of the university institution through seminars and defining posters.
4. Sending the administrative leaders to universities that work in electronic administration system to identify the working procedures of these modern administrative systems.
5. The necessity of activating the role of the university in its contact with the institutions of society (the private and public sectors) and of contributing to the development of society.

The current research aims at identifying the moral values in the book of reading activity for the fourth grade of primary stage, which includes (46) subjects. The researcher adopted the descriptive approach which is based on the method of content- based analysis.
The research sample included (20) subjects from the book of reading activity for the fourth grade of primary stage.
To achieve the objective of this research, the researcher designed analysis tool based on relevant previous studies. To verify the validity of the analysis tool, a classification form was presented in its initial form to a group of experts to ensure its validity. The researcher took the experts’ notes into consideration. Therefore, the final form of tool has included 13 moral values.
The results of this research showed that (10) moral values included high frequency and (3) values gained a few frequencies.

The present research aims at identifying The Impact of the Gardens of Thoughts Strategy in Developing Expressionistic Performance Skills among the Female Students of Preparatory Stage by verifying the validity of the following null hypotheses:
1. There are no statistically significant differences at (0.05) between the mean scores of female students in the experimental group and the mean scores in developing written expression skills in the pretest and posttest.
2. There are no statistically significant differences at (0.05) between the mean scores of female students in the control group and the mean scores in developing written expression skills in the pretest and posttest.
3. There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean score of female students in the experimental group and the mean score of female students in the control group in developing written expression skills in post tests.
The researcher applies the partial experimental method. The sample of the pupils in amount of 64 pupils with 32 pupils in the experimental group and 32 pupils in the control group who are selected from Diyala Governorate in Baqubah District. The researcher conducts an equivalence in the variable of pupils' age calculated in months, the pre-test of written expression performance. The researcher studies six expressive subjects in written expression in the experiment for the female students for the literary fifth grade. The researcher identifies the behavioral objectives of the selected written expression topics by the experts, the preparation of an appropriate teaching plans for the selected topics. The researcher identifies (15) skills of written expression performance skills to work on developing it in the experiment. The research tool is an expression topic which is selected for the pretest and post-test of the sample. After the statistical processing by using SPSS programme, the researcher obtains a result that can be summed up as follows: The superiority of experimental group female students who studied the garden thoughts on the female students of the control group who studied the traditional method followed in posttest for written expression performance skills . The second hypothesis is resulted that there is an increasing growth in the development of the grades of female pupils of the experimental group, the superiority is stated in favor of the posttest for written expression performance skills. The third hypothesis of the female students of the control group that there are no differences between the pre-test and posttest in written expression performance. In light of the results of the current research, the researcher recommends that the garden thoughts in teaching written expression performance skill for the female students of the fifth literary stage and the researcher suggests to conduct a similar study of the current study in other educational materials such as in grammar, literature and reading texts, rhetorical and dictation.

The present research aims at identifying the effect of the summary strategy in developing reading comprehension skills among primary school students in the reading subject by verifying the validity of the following null hypotheses:
1. There are no statistically significant differences at (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group and the mean scores of the control group students in the post-reading comprehension skill test.
2. There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group in developing reading comprehension skills in pre and post tests.
3. There are no statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the mean score of students in the control group in developing reading comprehension skills in pre and post tests.
The researcher applies the partial experimental method. The sample of the pupils in amount of 60 pupils with 30 pupils in the experimental group and 30 pupils in the control group who are selected from Diyala Governorate in Al-Khalis District. The researcher conducts an equivalence in the variable of pupils' age calculated in months, the pre-test of reading comprehension and the grades of the previous year of reading. The researcher studies seven reading subjects in the experiment for the reading material for the primary fifth grade. The researcher identifies the behavioral objectives of the reading topics. The researcher designates of reading comprehension skills test in reading for fifth grade pupils at primary school . After the statistical processing, the researcher obtains a result that can be summed up as follows: The superiority of experimental group pupils who studied the summary strategy on the students of the control group who studied the traditional method. The second hypothesis is resulted that there is an increasing growth in the development of the pupils of the experimental group, the superiority is stated in favor of the post-reading comprehension test. The third hypothesis of the students of the control group that there are no differences between the pre-test and post-reading comprehension. In light of the results of the current research, the researcher recommends that the summarization strategy in teaching of reading for the students of the fifth primary, which has an impact on the development of reading comprehension and the researcher suggests to conduct a similar study of the current study in other educational materials such as expression, literature and reading texts.

The aim of the current study is to identify the effect of the constructive confrontation style to develop, The self-discovery among students of intermediate stage. In order to achieve the aim of the research and choosing its hypothesis, the experimental approach with two groups (experimental and controlled group) has been used with pre-post-test}. The sample of this research includes (8) students were chosen intentionally of those who obtained the lowest score on the scale of self-discovery, The sample of this research is divided randomly into two groups: controlled and experimental with (4) students for each group, and the researchers have adopted (Maamori, 2017) scale of self-discovery, and the researchers built the pedagogical style according to the self-theory for the (Carl Rogers), which includes (12) sessions and two sessions a week, which aims to develop self-discovery among students of intermediate stage. The proposed style was applied to the experimental group, while the control group did not undergo any style. The results of the research show that the style of constructive confrontation has a clear impact on the development of self-discovery among students of intermediate stage. In the light of the results, this study has reached to some numbers of conclusions and led to some recommendations and suggestions.

Supra-segmental features, particularly stress and intonation, are crucial aspects of pronunciation. Teaching and learning these features are usually not easy for teachers and for learners at the same time.
This paper aims at showing students’ views on teaching stress and intonation in terms of teaching setting, teaching methods and teaching material. The population of the study are second year students of English department at college of basic education at Salahaddin university-Erbil/Iraq for the academic year 2016-2017.The sample of the study were 100 male and female students who are required to take phonology class. The data was collected through a 38-item students’ questionnaire designed by the researchers ,divided into three parts (teaching setting , teaching methods , and teaching material).The data were analyzed statistically using SPSS program. The results indicate that the teaching setting is not helpful for teaching stress and intonation ; the methodology and strategies used are not effective but the material designed to be taught are suitable

This study aimed to investigate the role that the theoretical education plays on Umm Al-Qura pre-services English teachers' practice in classrooms and if it reflects a real correlation between theory and practice from their perceptions. A quantitative correlation approach was implemented using a questionnaire to collect the data. The participants were students studied in education faculty in UQU for the second semester of the year 2016/2017. The findings indicate that there is (positive, negative) relationship between the quality of theoretical education phase and the pre-service English teachers' practice in their classrooms. Also, there is statistically significance difference in reflecting the correlation between theory and practice.