Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multifaceted autoimmune disease affecting various organs characterized by autoantibodies and multi-organ involvement. SLE frequently includes kidney complications that can significantly worsen outcomes, leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objectives: This study aimed to investigate if there is a correlation between CKD development in patients of SLE and the presence of anti-smith and anti-ds-DNA biomarkers. Materials and Methods: A case-control study of 89 SLE patients. They measured anti-Sm and anti-ds-DNA antibodies by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: Eighty-nine (89) patients were enrolled in this study, The LN was developed in 36 (40%) patients. The average of anti-Sm positivity was 14.28 % in non-CKD LN more than in CKD-LN (9.09%) and SLE (3.77%) groups (LSD=2.067). Anti-ds-DNA positivity was (28.57%) in non-CKD LN, (9.09%) in the CKD-LN group, and (5.66%) in the SLE group (LSD=4.142). They were highly significant in the two LN groups than the SLE group and in the non-CKD LN group than the CKD-LN group (LSD = 0.857, alpha = 0.05). Conclusion: This study discovered that individuals with non-CKD lupus nephritis had notably elevated levels of anti-Sm and anti-dsDNA antibodies compared to patients with CKD-related lupus nephritis and SLE patients without kidney involvement. This suggests that these antibodies may serve as characteristic markers for this particular subset of individuals with lupus nephritis. Moreover, their existence may have an impact on the early phases of the illness, perhaps leading to the development of chronic renal disease in the future.

The study aimed to assess the impact of water quality standards on bird density in the Bahr al-Najaf depression over a period of seven months, from October 2023 to April 2024. We selected three sites for the study. We measured various physical and chemical aspects of the water, including its temperature, air temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total hardness, calcium, magnesium hardness, and chloride. We determined the density of birds and the number of species in the study area. The air temperature ranged between (20.6 - 31) °C, the water temperature ranged (20 - 28) °C, the electrical conductivity ranged between (19.8 - 168.25) ms/cm, and the total dissolved solids ranged from (11,200 - 83,750) mg. /l, salinity between (13.85 - 117.777) ppt, pH between (7.9 - 8.2), dissolved oxygen between (0.73 - 5.6) mg/l, and biological oxygen demand between (0). 73 - 3 5 .5) mg/L, total hardness between (2200 - 21066.66) mg/L, and calcium hardness between (961.9 - 4382.08) mg/L, magnesium between (216.4 - 4625.7) mg/L, chloride between (1799 - 17061) mg/L The study identified 29 families and 82 species. Bird species diversity was greatest in the family Scolopacidae. The family Scolopacidae had the highest diversity with 14 species, followed by Laridae with 10 species, Charadriidae, Columbidae, and Ardeidae with five species each, Motacillidae and Anatidae with four species, and Corvidae and Passeridae with three species each. The three locations had different species diversity and abundance. With the exception of one month, the density of birds at the third site exhibited a higher species abundance and diversity compared to the other sites. Bird density showed a significant positive correlation with TDS, salinity, and electrical conductivity, while Mg ions showed a significant negative correlation. We observed a significant positive correlation between the number of species and pH, and a significant negative correlation between the number of species and chloride.

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is One of recognized metabolic disorder that can be distinguish by its chronic character, abnormalities in metabolism of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and hyperglycemia. Due to its extensive prevalence roughly one in ten people worldwide it's crucial to recognize and treat this illness. The revised goal is Investigating the complex interactions between insulin and insulin resistance is goal of this study.; (IR), lipid profiles, and C-peptide and their levels in the Basrah, Iraq, population with Diabetes Type 2 (T2DM). Furthermore, we aim to discuss the clinical significance of these findings and their implications for T2DM management in this region. In our investigation, significant differences (p < 0.001) were observed in parameters like Insulin and C-Peptide between T2DM patients and the control group. Other parameters like HbA1C%, FBG, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, and LDL showed varying significance levels, with p-values ranging from 0.001 to 0.002. Our study highlighted substantial distinctions between individuals with T2DM and healthy control group across multiple critical parameters. These differences, I mean elevated C-peptide, insulin, HbA1C, FBG, cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL levels in T2DM patients suggest the potential influence of these markers on severity of condition.

The JAK2 gene codes for the production of the Janus kinase 2 protein, which is essential for signaling from cell surface receptors to the nucleus of cells. The regulation of the generation of hematopoietic stem cells depends on these signals. A single nucleotide alteration called the JAK2 V617F mutation causes the protein's position 617 to shift from valine (V) to phenylalanine (F). Due to the overactivation of the JAK-STAT signaling system brought on by this mutation, hematopoietic stem cells proliferate uncontrollably in the bone marrow. Only infrequent reports of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have included the JAK2 V617F mutation, which is recognized for its relationship with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The purpose of this study is to determine if Iraqi patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and AML have the JAK2 V617F mutation.

Phytoremediation is considered as an economical and
ecologically beneficial approach that has demonstrated efficacy
in cleaning up contaminated water and soils. Particularly,
phytoremediation is the only approach used for various types of
wetlands when applied on a large scale to purify industrial
effluent. Nonetheless, most research on the phytoremediation of
contaminated water in wetland-type reactors has been done as a
black box. The pollutant removal efficiency is the sole criterion
used to assess performance, and data available regarding the
processes and mechanisms involved in pollutant removal in
these systems. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide a quick
overview of the fundamental procedures of phytoremediation
including characteristics, mechanisms, and microbial and plant
Interactions in Rhizoremedation Processes. Furthermore, this
chapter covered the difficulties and approaches associated with
applying phytoremediation on a large scale, as well as the
methods used by aquatic plants to eliminate both organic and
inorganic pollutants from water and some examples of its
industrial applications