Journal of International studies

This research has been tackling one of the most prominent
challenges that confronted nation-state building in Iraq to overcome
the problems of centralizing sub-identities inside of the state. Then,
taking into account its impact on the structure of the society itself,
in order to preserve the unifying of national identity, without
politicizing those sub-identities over main national identity, and to
make the principle of citizenship as a specific pillar in building of
nation-state. Especially, since the transformed period from a
totalitarian or tyrannical political system into a pluralistic
democratic political system after 2003 more effected results , in
which require starting to establish an objective rational discourse
that guarantees the rights of the majority and minority in the entire
political community, and then working on not relying on the
principle of the majority or that minority from its subsidiary identity
in all. Furthermore, starting also to strengthen the building of
citizenship identity and awareness of its dimensions by
guaranteeing all civil, political and human citizenship rights
without exception, and the same are going to do for all members of
society to conduct the process of building citizenship state . So that,
we can build a stable nation state that seeks to establish an
institutional democratic system when based on a real participation
without establishing ethnic political sectarianism as long as the
urgent need for managing the political and societal diversity at the
level of the ruling political class and governed classes thoroughly.
The result of research is to make the state united in order to carry
out its powers according to the constitutional institutions, as well
as to carry out a comprehensive and extended process of change

with gradual transformations that effect on other structures, being
as a part of the general social system. Also, the transition towards a
participatory institutional democracy in which the political and
social forces are required dismantling the state from its
comprehensive concept of governance on the one hand, and civil
society from another hand, meaning that, making the state’s
constructive process to be interconnected with the necessities of
managing the actors of civil forces, then exercising its true
mediating role between the ruling and governed authorities alike ,
in order to achieve the general targets that guaranteeing the stability

Abstract
The concept of community peace has become of interest to
many scholars and researchers in political affairs, especially after
the acute crises and disputes have increased in the general political
process of many countries, including Iraq in particular, and the goal
behind strengthening the civil peace process is to resolve conflicts
with political, economic, social, cultural and humanitarian
dimensions. The concept of civil peace is one of the necessities of
the formation of the human group in the formation of society, and
it means acceptance of coexistence with the other, and it is also a
necessity of the formation of the political group of the state, and
what is meant by it is coexistence and acceptance of diversity in a
way that guarantees a relationship with the other recognized, and
community peace. It is a situation that must be created after the end
of conflicts within safe cities that leads to ensuring that differences
and security disturbances do not return, represented by achieving
transitional justice through which the negligent and guilty are held 3
accountable and the victims are compensated, and then it restores
confidence between the conflicting parties and spreads peace and
harmony, which expresses the end of the conflict phase and the
beginning of a phase Building a safe life

The end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union
in the nineties of the last century paved the way for the United
States to control the international system. It is the most important
reason that led to the occurrence of many fundamental changes in
contemporary American trends, represented by the emergence of
intellectual political currents, the most prominent of which is the
so-called (neo-conservatives), who adopted the realistic theory
based on the usage of force in foreign relations, especially post-11,
2001, and the subsequent American strategies for hegemony in the
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Middle East region. This study aims to verify the hypothesis that
the foundations of the American foreign policy strategy towards the
Middle East region are based on influential intellectual foundations
and theories in contemporary American political thought and to
provide a new research vision to shed light on the philosophical
dimensions of the American project and its role in dominating the
Middle East region.
In this study, we are trying to write a new research vision on
the dimensions of the American project and its role in dominating
the Middle East region. Finally, we concluded that American
political thought realized the importance of the Middle East and the
Arab region, especially in the field of economy, as the issue of oil
occupied an essential aspect of the attention and care of all
successive American administrations, in addition to its continued
support for Israel in international forums, prompted it to find
political, economic, cultural and military strategies to ensure
constant control of the region according to the rules of soft power
and hard power, the result of which is smart power.

Whereas the concept of the strategic performance of the state is a
direct reflection of the performance of official and unofficial
institutions at the state level and the strategies of human resource
management in them, and since the concept of sustainable
development benefits a pattern of progress and advancement
according to which the needs of the present are met without this
being at the expense of future generations or weakening their ability
about meeting their basic needs, it can be said that the Iraqi strategic
performance in achieving sustainable development since 2005 has
been unsuccessful due to the presence of many internal and external
challenges that came in harmony with the regional and international
debate that has been going on in Iraq and the region since 2003,
which arranged the decline of indicators of sustainable
development to levels where it has become a threat to the national
security of the state

Achieving sustainable development at an upward pace
according to well-thought-out plans and in a parallel direction
between all target areas requires many political, economic, social
and security elements in Saudi society in order to establish a new
development situation not previously familiar with the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the premise
that there is a set of social, economic, security .This study used
several approaches to address and familiarize with all aspects related
to the topic such as the historical method and the descriptive
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approach. The study concluded that the promotion of sustainable development in Saudi Arabia to advanced degrees was behind which the basic elements represented by political, social, economic and security elements, and that these elements affect in terms of availability and quality on the extent of the state's achievement in the field of achieving sustainable development. The study also recommended the development of comprehensive plans and innovative solutions that help integrate economic, social and environmental aspects provide reliable data to rely on in continuous evaluations, encourage evaluations to promote "good governance", make the government make optimal use of resources a priority, and institutionalize the evaluation process.

Iraq has realized that it is falling into acycle of conflict and
disagreement that revolves between the United States of America
and Iran, and American policies toward Iran tend to extend to its
Arab neighbor, Iraq, where the United States' policy toward Iraq
remains closely linked to Iran, especially since the problems in the
American-Iraqi relations are related to the Iranian dimension. The
importance of Iraq lies in the US-Iranian conflict and its impact on
Iraqi foreign policy, as it is the gateway through which Iran can
enter and extend its influence and influence in the region.
Therefore, it is imperative for the US administration to maintain its
military presence in Iraq to contain Iran and fight its arms extending
to Syria and Lebanon, and on this basis the decision make. The Iraqi
foreign politician faces great challenges in preserving its
independent entity and not allowing it to be drawn into the arena of
the American-Iranian conflict within its territory, or to make its
stage prepared for settling foreign accounts at the expense of the
national interest.

The pioneering modern realists declared unreservedly the
importance of power in international politics and the desire of all
countries to maximize their solid power structures. Most of the neorealists
have softened this claim (somewhat) in recent years, given
that some countries are seeking to maximize security rather than
force where the state can increase its strength and security. In
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addition, at the systemic level, alliances are the same mechanism of balance of power, a central component of realist theory.
Therefore, an accurate prediction of formation alliances is a critical test of realism. In this area of international politics, I'll examine the predictions of threat equilibrium theory, and first I'll discuss a quasi-realist approach to understanding alliance behavior before developing neorealism and an alternative realistic interpretation of alliance behavior, and threat equilibrium. The last of these has been shown to be preferred as an explanation for small power behavior and is the empirical focus of the Balance of Threat Test vs Balance of Power Theory, Alliance Theories and Balance of Threats An alliance is a formal or informal cooperation agreement between two or more states aimed at enhancing the national security of the participating states. Once nations realize that they cannot achieve national security on their own, they form alliances in an effort to add to their capabilities and those of their allies. Therefore, avoiding the source of the external threat is the main goal of states in a chaotic international system. This means that states seek alliances when they are under threat and in need of security.
Alliances were formed to respond to the threats in this basic text, Watlz developed the theory of structural realism, which sees chaos as the main driver of conflict, because with no higher power

states must rely on self-help. He developed a theory of balance of power, arguing that states would automatically form balances of forces against more powerful states, and that the main difference that would occur would be between bipolar (power concentrated in two great powers) or multipolar systems (power concentrated in three or more great powers), with stable Priority and equilibrium is something that self-interested states engage in to check the power-maximizing ambitions of their peers

This research aims to identify one of the recent journalistic phenomena that has gained importance through the technological development of the last 10 years. (Data journalism), which has given freedom and wide scope to journalists and the media to promote and support news in charts, charts, tables and interactive images that have attracted a wide range of audiences to interact with this new type of traditional journalism, which combines narrative and anecdotal texts with modern technology that promotes news and press statements in the interactive methods presented to the reader in an attractive and exciting visual image that is easy to understand.
The problem with the study is the main question: "What is the role of data journalism in promoting security awareness and how much is this journalism used in the statements of the Security Media Cell?" The objective of the study at the analytical level was to learn about the topics used with data journalism, the methods of expression used in the data of the security media cell, as well as to identify the means of demonstration used in data journalism. In his study, the researcher relied on the survey curriculum in a descriptive and analytical manner, where the sample of the analytical study (205) included a statement issued by the security media cell and a comprehensive inventory.

اThe point of this study is to research the structural institutions
that formed the causes of violence and conflict in Iraq after 2003,
in which the focus was placed on the political, intellectual,
economic and cultural institutions as they are the basis for building
the state. As a result, the situation is unstable in all political,
economic and social aspects, and peace building cannot be
achieved.

North Korea has become a nuclear country and continues to
develop its nuclear weapons to defend its political and economic
system, in a complex regional environment in which regional and
international interests intersect. However, this constituted a serious
security concern for Japan's national security. This prompted the
latter to adopt policies with multiple scopes, such as strengthening
its security alliances, political and economic pressures, and
defensive military armaments, to confront the threats posed by
North Korea's nuclear program.

E-government is one of the main pillars upon which the
culture of peoples is built through its contribution in one way or
another to improving the institutional performance of governments,
reducing the existing bureaucracy and introducing technology in
most areas of social, economic and political life. On all sectors and
access to a system of government that is compatible with disasters
and emergency crises, especially with the placing of most of the
world’s governments restrictions on movement and the subsequent

forced closure of most public administrations and educational institutions alike.
Through this, the study attempted to monitor the mechanisms and procedures of e-government in rationalizing education policies during the Corona pandemic, and to indicate the readiness of government sectors to provide services electronically, disseminate knowledge and experiences, and deepen concepts that help IT managers in government sectors in applying e-government concepts and applications on the one hand, and raising awareness to define society. On the other hand, the advantages of the transition to a digital society and how to take advantage of electronic services in rationalizing policies. As well as examining the political will and the support it provides to modernize the state, so that it can contribute strongly to developing its institutions and rationalizing policies.

The generalization of the adopted assumptions about the
impact of the type of the electoral system on the political reality is
something that cannot be accepted in general. The political stability
inherent in the electoral system by the majority, as seen by many
specialists, and the political instability inherent in the proportional
representation system is a variable and relative factor that depends
on other factors. The electoral system It is not a direct factor in the
stability or instability of the system of government as much as it is
a mechanism for translating electoral votes and an aid to controlling
the work of political parties and alliances within Parliament to form
the type of government, whether a majority or a coalition, but the
selection of the majority electoral system in Iraq and its adoption in

the legislative elections of 2021 did not exceed Structural problems of parties, alliances, and parliament's composition, The problem of not obtaining a parliamentary majority for one of the parties or lists remained present after the election results, as well as the problem of the most numerous parliamentary bloc, and this indicates that there are other factors that have the greatest impact on political stability, including the social factor represented by the nature of the voter’s political culture, and political and constitutional factors that push towards political instability, in addition to the lack of most political forces of sufficient knowledge and information about the nature of the work of the majority system and its political effects.

The topic area of that’s paper dealing with the nature of the
relations between Hezbollah with the Lebanese political system
that’s relationship fluctuate between the mechanisms of attraction
and repulsion, which cannot be understood, i.e., this relationship
without addressing the intellectual and ideological foundations of
the party and the social environment in which it arose and how the
doctrine adopted by the party, which is the doctrine of Wilayat al-
Faqih, led to the party’s connection with political developments In
the country that embraced this idea, namely Iran, until the party
became one of Iran’s regional extensions in the region, and how did
such interconnection affect the nature of the party’s participation in
Lebanese political life, and it is known that the political system is a
system based on sectarian quotas, which means that the existence
of The party adds a new dimension to the political crises in
Lebanon, especially with the party keeping its weapons, distinct
from the rest of the political parties and movements in Lebanon, which gave up their weapons following the end of the Lebanese civil war.

اThe point of this study is to research the structural institutions
that formed the causes of violence and conflict in Iraq after 2003,
in which the focus was placed on the political, intellectual,
economic and cultural institutions as they are the basis for building
the state. As a result, the situation is unstable in all political,
economic and social aspects, and peace building cannot be
achieved.