Basrah Journal of Science

Seventy-five soil samples were collected from different sites in Basrah province, southern
Iraq to investigate the presence of basidiomycetous yeasts using the dilution-plate
method. The growing isolates on culture media were identified based on morphological
and biochemical features, and was confirmed by molecular data. Twelve yeast species
belong to six different genera were identified. The most frequent isolated species were
belonging to genus Naganishia with five species. All the described species are recorded
for first time from Iraq. New strains were also obtained in the present study and registered
in the Japanese Gene Bank.

The electronic states of InAs/GaAs quantum dot has investigated for verticallyaligned double conical quantum dots molecule (CQDM). We calculated Eigen
energies as a function of external voltage, wetting layer thickness and inter-dot
spacer. Tunneling-induced transparency (TIT) in vertically coupled InAs/GaAs
quantum dots using tunneling instead of pump laser, analogous to electromagnetically
induced transparency (EIT) in atomic systems, has studied. The inter-dot quantum
coupling strength is tuned by static electric fields. For parameters appropriate to a
100 Gbits/s optical network, slow down factor (SDF) as 109
can be achieved. The
scheme is expected to be useful to construct a variable semiconductor optical buffer
based on TIT in vertically coupled InAs/GaAs quantum dots controlled by electric
fields.

The effects of annealing process on the properties of ZnO nanostructures was
investigated using XRD, SEM and UV-visible spectrometry techniques in the range of 300-
450oC. XRD measurements showed that the deposited and annealed ZnO nanostructures have
hexagonal (wurtzite) structure without external impurities. (002) plane is the preferred
orientation for ZnO nanostructures thin films. Lattice parameters, crystalline size, bond length
between Zn and O (Zn-O), etc. were determined for ZnO nanostructures thin films. The lattice
constants a=b= 3.278 Å, c= 5.251 Å for as-deposited and gradually decreased to a=b= 3.259 Å,
c= 5.220 Å after the annealing at a temperature 450oC. The increase in annealing temperature
(Ta) lead to increase in the intensity of the diffraction peaks. As the temperature of annealing
increases, particle size increases and nano-needles (NNs) rise and become more oriented.
Williamson-Hall (W-H) analysis was used to evaluate crystallite sizes and lattice strain based on
X-ray peak broadening analysis. The results showed that there is a very large inter-correlation
between the estimated crystallite size from Scherer's formula and W-H plots. The films are found
optically transparent for visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum with the average value of
transmittance (90% to 95%) and it seems depending on the Ta. There is somewhat agreement
between the estimated band gap value from optical measurements with the band gap value for
bulk ZnO (for as-deposited films of ZnO nanostructures). The band gap decreases with Ta (Eg =
3.26 eV of as-deposited films and after annealing, it decreases to 3.20 eV, 3.17 eV, 3.10 eV and
3.06 eV, respectively).

Sudden death syndrome is one of the precarious diseases that infect date palm
tree in different growing areas of palms around the world, and this disease
comes after Bayoud by its violence. Fusarium species considering as one of the
most suspected fungal genera that cause this disease. In the present study, a nine
species of Fusarium have been isolated from the date palm tree and the soil of
palm cultivated orchards, these are: F. annulatum, F. anthophilum, F. fujikuroi,
F. nygama, F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. pseudocircinatum, F. sudanense
and F. verticillioides. However, these fungi were identified morphologically and
molecularly using two types of primers. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS)
and translational elongation factor 1-a (TEF1-a) regions of the Fusarium
species were amplified sequenced. The results of pathogenicity test have been
showed that the highest severity by F. anthophilum with percentage rate of
72.92%, while the lowest percentage of severity with 16.67% recorded with
F.sudanense. A seven of Fusarium species which were isolated in this study,
these are: F. annulatum, F. anthophilum, F. fujikuroi, F. nygama, F.
pseudocircinatum, F. sudanense and F. verticillioides have been first recorded
on date palm trees as sudden decline pathogens in Iraq.

The objective of this study was to diagnose internal parasites in
cattle, and examine the changes in total proteins and lipids associated to
the parasitic infection. with total of 85 cow was included in this study.
Fecal samples were examined by direct smear, flotation, and
sedimentation methods to diagnose internal parasites and Blood samples
were collected to harvest serum for estimation of total proteins (TP), total
Cholesterol (TCHO), and triglycerides (TG) levels using commercial kits.
High density lipoproteins (HDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL),
and low density lipoproteins (LDL) were calculated using specific
equations.The Results indicated that the overall prevalence of parasitic
infection in cattle was 50.48% .with different trematodes, cestodes,
nematodes eggs and larvae, protozoa oocysts were diagnosed, including
single and mixed infection. In infected cattle, there was significant
decrease in cholesterol, HDL, and LDL; no significant decrease in total
proteins; and no significant differences in triglycerides and VLDL
between infected and non-infected cattle. In conclusion, different internal
parasites can infect cattle, and the parasitic infection can change the
metabolism leading to changes in proteins and lipids metabolism.

The aim of this paper is to define a new class of the operators defined by A. Lupaş for
approximation continuous functions in the interval [0, ∞). Our purpose is to study the
convergence of this sequence of linear and positive operators and view some approximation
properties which lead us to establish a Voronovskaja-type asymptotic formula for this
operators. Finally, we study the rate of covrgence when we show this operators preserve
properties of modulus of continuity on a continuous function.

or a vertex set
S
with cardinality at least 2 in a graph
G,
we need a tree in order to connected the set, where this tree is usually called a Steiner tree connecting
S
(or an
S  tree). Two
Steiner trees
T
and
T 
are said to be internally disjoint if
V T V T S ( ) ( )

and
E T( )
E T( )
 
. Let
( ) G  S
denote the maximum number of internally disjoint Steiner trees connecting S in
G.
The generalized k-connectivity
( )  k G
of a graph
G
which was introduced by Chartand et al. (1984) and defined as:
( ) min{ ( ) : ( ) and }.   k G G S S V G S k   
In this paper .
we determine the .generalized .3-connectivity of equally complete
k
-partite graph and its line
graphs.

Twelve stations were chosen from the Intertidal flat and coastal sabkha of Khor Al-Zubair,
northwest of the Arabian Gulf. The sampling was carried out from August to November in
2018, using plastic tubes for coring to a depth of 30 centimeters with 2 inches in diameter. The
sediments are dominated by sandy silt texture in the area. Mineralogical analysis of sediments
shows the Gypsum as the main constituents of minerals followed by Halite, Quartz, Calcite,
and percentage of Clay minerals including Chlorite, Illite, palygorskite, and Kaolinite. As a
result of the high evaporation rate in the area, in addition to the high salinity of the seawater
which leads to the concentrate of gypsum crystals with the Microbial mats.

he present study aims to determine the petrophysical properties into the upper sandstone member
of Zubair Formation at Zubair oil Field by using interpretation a number of different borehole logs
for the open wells (Zb-40, Zb 84, Zb-114, Zb-212, Zb-233). These Properties include shale volume
(Vsh), effective porosity (Øe), water saturation (SW), permeability(K) and Pore throat type
classification R35.The petrophysical properties (Vsh) ,( Øe) and (SW) were drawn for each reservoir
unit to determine the direction of the improvement of reservoir characteristics within the selected
wells.
Depending on gamma- ray log Zubair Formation with in the Zubair oil Field was divided into
reservoir units (AB, DJ, and LN) and non-reservoir units (C, and k). The well Zb-84 revealed
increases in Vsh was in all the units of Zubair Formation, while the decrease in Vsh in well Zb-114
were obtained in unites AB, and LN. The average of the effective porosity in well Zb-233 in all units
was high while low values were obtained in well Zb-84 in unit AB, and LN. There is an increase in
water saturation in well Zb-40 in the unit AB while the low values were recorded in well Zb-84 in
unite DJ. The petrophysical analysis shows improved porosity and hydrocarbon saturation towards
the northern part from studied oil mainly in the well (Zb-40) and the petrophysical characteristics
were in unit LN. The dominate type of Pore throat type was between macro - mega pore and meso –
mega pore types.

The physical, chemical and engineering properties of soil had been carried out to
evaluate the characteristics of Sehan and Al-bhar soil sites and their suitability for setting
up Shatt Al-Arab spillway. Four boreholes drilled by Al-Ma'awal Company for soil
investigation with depths ranging between (1- 40) m. The laboratory tests results for soil
samples had been obtained from drilled boreholes showed that the soil in two sites divided
in to several layers : 1
st layer is a soft sandy silty clay soil (CH) with fill material from (0.0-
1m) which should removal through building. 2
nd layer is a very stiff sandy silty clay soil
(CH) high density (1.78-1.81) gm/cm3 with bearing capacity (qa) ranged between (11- 41
T/m2
) in two study sites at depths (1 to 5, 6.5 m) this layer is suitable for light loads of
Shallow foundation. 3
rd layer is a soft to medium stiff silty sandy clay soil (CH, CL)
medium to high density (1.77-1.87) gm/cm3 with qa ranged between (2-9T/m2
) at (6, 7 to
18m) depths which unsubtle for foundation because of high water content (28-30%)
and high range of clay that led to settlement with time. Fourth layer is a very stiff [silty
sandy clay soil (CL, CH)] to hard [silty sand soil (SW, SP)] with qa ranged between (12-
40 T/m2
) at (20 to 40 m) depths because increase the bulk density (1.84-2.12) gm/cm3 with
depth as a result to compaction or a static load with appears dense silty sand strata this
layer is suitable for heavy loads of deep foundation such as spillway structure. The results
of chemical tests shows fluctuation in behavior through depths where the values of (SO3,
T.S.S, CaCO3) shows increasing with depth and exceeded on permitted limits that need
improvement, while the values of (Gyp, CL, O.M, pH) shows changing between increasing
and reducing under normal levels with depths.