Journal of the College of Education for Girls for Humanities

During the fifteenth century AD, the Islamic state of Granada underwent political events that made the preservation of its existence lasting nearly two and a half centuries (1237-1492) difficult, especially the treaties that the Spanish resorted to when their military attempts to control the Islamic territories in Granada failed and the competition between the aspirants In the rule of the country and the rebellion against power on the other
The geographical location had a clear effect on the relationship of the Sultanate to the neighboring regions, bordered by the north of Castile, from the west by Portugal, from the south by the Moroccan state of Beni Marin and from the east by Araguan, which affected in one way or another its foreign policy.
After the seizure of Granada and the elimination of the last Islamic state in Andalusia in 1492, orders were issued to generalize the content of the extradition treaty to the princes, ministers, leaders, monks and parish, and issued a decree threatening anyone who dares to prejudice the provisions of this treaty. The decree was signed by the two kings. On items that guaranteed the freedom, language, religious rites, customs and traditions of Muslims, except for carrying weapons .
The situation of Muslims worsened in Granada after the arrival of Khomeini as head of the bishop of Granada, to be directly responsible for the missionary groups that were working to convert Muslims. In his first attempts he followed the style of softness and temptation.
It was natural in such circumstances to begin to think of the revolution in response to these heinous acts was the revolution of Bayazin in 1499, the first revolutions by Muslims to express their rejection of the policy of Khomeins and his men, which was followed by subsequent revolutions . When Charles I assumed Spain's rule, Spanish foreign policy took on new dimensions stemming from three main factors: - the amount of property he inherited from his fathers and forefathers; the conflict with France over Italian property; and the problem of Ottoman expansion in Europe and North Africa. .
On September 29, Emperor Charles V signed 40 royal decrees abolishing or ending the exploitation of the Moriscans. This was followed by a period of relative calm for 30 years in which the Moriscans and Christians lived according to the rules established in 1526. The Christians became more adherent to Islam and its customs, and their moderation did not achieve anything to them. The gap between them became deeper with the end of those years.

We show that the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, focused on giving women some of the political and social rights such as the right to vote and to be elected to the Iranian legislative councils and the establishment of the mass organizations and some other rights, to start in 1961 and even in 1963, when he needed to support the "white revolution" announced by for publicity for his regime and the threat to the West as the other in the way of social, economic and political reforms, and has seen years of the sixties and seventies of the last century, an increase in the entry of women into the various fields of work, as well as their participation in political, social and economic activities, and are competing the man of her brother in these areas. However, the procedures and generated wide reactions among Iranian society which was considered as a deep and procedures were not aimed at changing the essence of the social perception of women as they are immediate actions seeking to paint the character of western Iran

The reign of Queen Mary Tudor is considered as the most distinguished era of the history of England; Mary was the first women who had ascended the English throne till she reached the eighty seventh year of her age, she was the firstborn of the King Henry VIII from his wife Catherin Aragon, she was born in 1516, she had played an important role during the reign of her father King Henry VIII( 1509-1547) and her brother King Edward VI(1547-1553), she was deprived of her right of inheriting her father after her parents’ divorce, yet she regaining it after the issue of inheritance new law 1544.
Mary Tudor had played an important role in the events in and out of England during the era of King Edward VI where she was the opposition center against the religious policy that her brother, King Edward VI, had followed, it was too difficult to leave the doctrine that she believed on and opposed her father for it and which her mother had believed on till her death, yet King Henry VIII had not force Mary or her mother to convert their doctrine. Also King Edward VI had not punished his sister Princess Mary due to their deep relation, firstly, and due to the status of Mary as an inherent of England throne, secondly. Those who had insisted on their Catholic doctrine, forced to accept the Protestantism as a new doctrine and who believed on her right as an inherent of England throne, after her father`s death, were her supporters. The role of the Roman Emperor Charles V, who was the strong foreign supporter of Mary, could not be neglected. Her refusal of the new doctrine represented a serious danger for the religious future of England, where King Edward VI had worked hardly to diffuse the Protestantism by issuing the book of prayer, so Mary had faces many attempts to deprived her of her power especially when Duck of Northumberland deduced King Edward VI to issue new inheritance law to inherit Jane Gray the country throne after him.
All those attempts had gone with the wind. Queen Mary Tudor had ascended the throne in 1553, where her first task was to recover the Catholic doctrine, so she had released the catholic leaders such as Stevin Gardener the Bishop of Winchester and Bonier the bishop of London. She had allowed the Protestants to leave England, yet she imprisoned those who had stayed in England including Tomas Cranmer, Hio Latmeer, John Hoper and Nikolas Ridly. Moreover she had eliminated the married clergy men and appointing the catholic clergy men who had lost their jobs during the era of King Edward VI.
Queen Mary Tudor had expressed her desire of marriage to get an inherent and to get a supporter to control the country; the Spanish King Philip II was the aimed husband to obtain her aims in spite of the opposition of the English parliament who had considered this marriage Spanish attempt to use the men and money of England. Thomas White had used this marriage as a reason for the revolution of 1554 to dethrone her and appoint Elizabeth, yet this revolution had ended with the execution of its leaders and that forced Queen Mary to change her religious policy issuing a decision that considered the Catholicism as the base of their religion and the opponents would be punished by burning. A set of the bishops had been executed such as John Rojjers, Latmeer, John Hoper and Cranmer as they were the protestant leaders, with about three hundred of the English protestant9 (1554-1558).
For her foreign policy, England had entered, as an ally to Spain, in a useless war against France, where England had suffered a serious financial loss in addition to the loss of Calia as the last stronghold for England in France.
Hence, the policy of Queen Mary Tudor was not positive, she did not obtained her aims in or out of England, she lost her popularity as a queen and the people called her the bloody Mary, and most of the English had convert their catholic doctrine. Moreover her foreign policy had resulted in destroying the navy reputation of England especially after the loss of Calia.

The letter Zinoviev Internationalist leader of the third event unique and important in the history of British democracy because it helped bring down the Labour government first, And thus it changed the course of the political life of the British Labour Party, although make sure falsification of this letter and to be incorrect, But she left the political effects as if the letter urged to revolt against the British government genuinely despite denials Soviet authorities cutter to this letter and despite the uncertainty of the original source in Britain, But it is published in the British official newspapers and contributed effectively to the defeat of the first British Labour government, which was only ten months and a few days continue.

This study deal with the social life approaches in city of Karbala, during the age of (1869-1914). The importance of this study coming from ability to explain the nature of Karbala community, as marked by social characteristics associated with customs, traditions, and social activities. The common in holy city during the Ottoman period, being a destination for thousands of visitors each year, either from inside Iraq or outside, since that time has become, the focus of attention of Muslims even assumed a high position of proudness, and its status.
This study divided into an introduction, two sections, and conclusion, the first section, deal of the decrees solace Husseini religious events, the role of community Karbala in the revival of religious manifestations, while in the second section, we talk about the study of social aspects, as we have highlighted the social traditions and customs that prevailed Karbala community, the most important usages in the marriage ceremony, as well as the review of the status of women and their role in social life, and we have dedicated hub to see fashion and clothing in the city of Karbala, which varied brands and races depending on the nature of a religious nature of Karbala community. Finally, we talked about some, traditional food, well known by the old Karbala houses.
The city of Karbala is occupied, especially in the hearts of the faithful, to its ancient traditions inherited importance, also to years near the pool residents of the city center and the center of their social life, becoming a station for the influx of visitors from all over the Muslim world, which is reflected in the social and economic real.

The subject of Alana and other topics that made its way in the psychological and humanitarian and social studies because they affect the self, emotions and sensations, The importance of this topic Alana and one in the context of difference and contrast, as for the way consists cultural pattern implicit and therefore this difference leads to understanding the nature of the relationship of man himself The society and its environment.
And promote research to determine the manifestations of the ego and the other in the stories and dialogues parents and children in the Quran in the light of cultural criticism, has contained a prelude included linguistic meaning and idiomatic when Arabs and the West for me and the other, eat first axis contextual relationships that divided in turn into: a relationship of solidarity and the relationship of the simple embedding, and II took offense relationships which fork to: Alana believer and the other infidel, and Alana infidel and the other insured, and Alana obedient and the other patient, ego-compliant and the other rebel, and those Titles applied to the signs and Horarat parents and children opposing the Koran and that showed cultural drift implicit affect the human side emotional.

The scientific studies that related to scientists and thinkers are regarded one of the most important studies because they are connected with the big efforts that aim for the service of humanity , the work to put forward reform projects closed by the educational march of the palm and human . and from this point was the writings of the Islamic author Al-Saad Abdual-Razzaq Al-Muqarram that took the historical and scientific approach for this research . to reach the scientific fact which depend on. For proving and establishing the justice and stand against injustice through the history.

The research discussed the case of the Shiite in terms of their start, the doctrinal content and the political, social and religious activities from Almasody point of view in his book "MuroojAldahab and Ma'adinAljawhar". The contents of his book is tackled in an objective comparative way and through which the researcher has reached the main similarities and differences between Almasody and the other historians and writers of the Islamic doctrines. The researcher is concluded with a brief outline about the concept of Shiite in the works of the modern writers.

Corruption is a global phenomenon began to take a great deal of interest in the international community because of the impact of the outbreak in the communities of the negative effects in all aspects of life of the peoples , entered the stage of study and find ways to combat the highest stage of international attention , and this way is the creation of oversight bodies concerned with the fight against corruption and find ways to ensure her arrest and reduction.
Rampant corruption in Iraq for decades , but the comprehensiveness of the previous regime prevented acknowledged publicly or seeking to control being a major part of its system , and after the shift in the regime in Iraq in April 2003 entered Iraq phase coexistence realistic with the fact that corruption issued a CPA dissolved order No. (55) for the year 2004 the founder of the integrity Commission .
Administrative corruption and financial negative effects on all aspects of political, economic and social , as the causes of corruption, many of them political conflicts , as well as the structural causes of economic and other factors, so the anti-corruption take ways and multiple mechanisms from an individual and up to the institutions of the state through the means of education and education Lawson laws and activated.
And found through research that there is a clear contrast ratios of corruption in Iraq at the provincial level , and also shows that the more conservative suffer from this problem is the province of Baghdad, because they represent any capital it includes most of the state ministries and institutions

The Jihat against the enemies of Islam was an important elements of the war policy. This principle is considered by the Fatimis one of the pillars and a corner stonesof Islam. The Romans benefited from the retreat of the Abbasid state. Since the Byzentiums consider themselves as the guardians of Christianity in the East, Al-MuezLidin Allah adopted a slogan supporting the announcement of war against the Romans even before he ruled Egypt, he urged Al-Akhsheedi to combat them.
The Fatimid Caliphate was better than the Abbasid one and by that was able of to achieve victory over Byzantine in many battles.
These victories forced the Byzantium Emperor NakfurFocas to demand truce which was approved by the Fatimis after gaining many political and religious gains. The courtier of the Emperor reached Cairo in Muharam 360A.H-975A.D to meet the Caliphate. This had many positive repercussions on the Christians living in Egypt and the MustansirBillah ceased the opportunity to flourish the economic aspects. And the Emperor agreed to send the amount of wheat demanded by the Caliphate if it is not for his sudden death..
The prominence of this state as a strong power in the area and the weakness of Abbasid state gave the motive to the Christian forces to ally with the Fatimid state fearing for their interests and relations with india
The clear intention to face the Fatimid state by the Romans forced the Fatima's to devise a plan to defend itself and guarantee the loyalty of the Christians to avoid internal disturbance .Therefore the Fatimi state paid attention to foreign affairs

This research deals with the study of homes built frowned It places special tribe and named in the poems of the poet Antara Bin Shaddad. Tribe Abs is one of the most famous tribes Gtefan which ends attributed to Mdhar. The homes of the tribe Ghatafan in ignorance lies to the east of Yathrib in the land of Al-Sharba and Edna and extends to the east Qassim, has the tribe frowned played a major role in Arab history before Islam, and entered into a long conflict with their cousins from the tribe Thibyan this conflict continued for decades and has had a dramatic impact on the tribe has resulted in the migration from homes in the movement included large areas of The Arabian Peninsula , And thus it sets up new homes far from their homes and cannot prepare those homes Diarra Qibya frowned but were temporary homes have been trekking to during the outbreak of the felon and the dust bowl of war between the two tribes, The Antara Bin Shaddad knight and famous poet has immortalized these homes, including in his poems, and in view of the movement of the vast tribe Abs in the Arabian Peninsula have we decided that splitting the positions contained in the poems of Antar into three groups, the first group of homes built frowned on high, we find in the land of Al-Sharba and Edna, Group B consists of homes built frowned in Qassim, third group includes houses tribe in Al-Yamamah and east Arabian island.

In the midst of the new human transformations and amid the stormy social changes in the age of cultural shocks, social nurture with its various styles has an extremely serious and critical importance. In the age in which nations and peoples start to sense the dangers surrounding them and gather the fragments of their identity versus the rage of the new scientific changes, social upbringing initiates with its new historical role as a security and safety valve to grant nations a revived ability to build their identity and maintain their existence. The present study deals with the issue of social nurture in the age of globalization and post-modernism. In this age, advanced nations start to understand in a scientific manner that the achievement of modern existential equilibrium demands creating deep and substantial changes in the nature of social upbringing itself as being the tool which preserves the society. This study tackles the effect of environment in the child's social upbringing taking the family as a model. The essential subject of social nurture is the human who lives in a group and interacts with his or her society within a cultural frame in which he believes and sticks to its content so as to preserve its accumulated heritage across the historical ages. When a human ascends and his civilized means advance, then he/she needs nurture increasingly and needs a means to covey it to the individuals regularly. This cannot be performed except via social nurture which is the tool employed in developing the individual's actual behaviour in a more limited extent which is the usual and accepted range in accordance with the standards of the group in which the person brings up. And this process is not finished with the end of childhood but continues throughout life.

In the Second Gulf War in 1991 the United States of America had recognized the necessity of establishing close relationships with the kurds, as attempt to weaken put a pressure on the Iraqi government which would lead to eradicate its whole regime. it is such a fact that would fulfill the kurds ambitions in establishing an independent Kurdish regime if this were possible Indeed Washington had supported the agreement of the reconciliation between the leaders two Kurdish major parties Masoud Barzani , the leader of Kurdistan Democratic party . and Jalal Talabani, The leader of the patriotic Union of Kurdistan Thus the Kurdistan Region had become an existed entity after the second Gulf War ,forcing the Turkish Politicians to deal with it by following the political means, with no militarily options . such policy was different from the one that was applied on the Turkish kurds

The research focuses on the evaluation and study of water in the district Manathira and investigation on site for the region stretching from orchards Sea of Najaf, located down (flew Najaf) down to spend Manathira center as the water they depend on them for watering the gardens cultivated types of vegetables, celery, radishes, Sbang and tomatoes and cucumbers from the sewer located the highest point of the region from where the Tar streams include showers and toilets and sewer usesHome as the most residential complexes that have been seen on the ground opens normalcy behind the homes directly and be open and used for watering both coming down to the orchards or directly planted her garden in front of the houses of this water is used to irrigate gardens, hence the idea of research that poses the phenomenon of risk life, then, that most of farm owners who sell these crops on public roads after picked directly. The pose of the manifestations of environmental pollution as well as to what caused the risk of soil Has been taking water samples for the three models represent the first model of the water piped from the residential areas in the point of the second Tarahsrawalnmozj of water piped from the network's new water project source in the district Manathira actually in (orchards Sayed Musa) and form the third sewage behind the houses on one side of Tar from military neighborhoods Assembly and then take samples of three models of the soil before the soil is dry agriculture and soil was watered with water and liquefied implant melon crops . And tomato and other soil was Oroaiha water streams and Akhzaanhmn irrigated soil sewer located behind homes and planted crops with water melon and Alkhiaroaattabar from 04/01/2015 to 01/09/2015 The laboratory analyzes conducted in the Department of Soil Science laboratories soil and water resources Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kufa and laboratories Faculty of Pharmacy Kufa University was reached the following results .
:1. These areas are wasting large amounts of water liquefaction, as proved by the field study continuous water flow from faucets Abralmjari open behind And in front of the houses intended for household use all the time, but throughout the night as well as what caused this Oztaathol of sewage pollution risk pools to carry out his teeth Mnhaalroaih breat
.2. The study revealed that the water piped source of the grid is within the standards allowed for the pH to Las (ph) with a score (7.4), electrical conductivity EC (1,01dsm / m) and the amount of dissolved salts TDS (42,2mg / l) and sodium SAR 0,1) mg / l) and nitrates NO3 ppm (34,5) and Annasralthagah iron 0,0565) ppmFe), lead pb Kdsgel ppm (0,0005).
By Supplement No. (1)
.3. The study revealed that piped water and a number of neighborhoods (NIDA neighborhood - the military - Assembly) and the same elements as part of the standard specifications and did not exceed the limit only high ratio of lead in residential neighborhood Alndaoualmnatq water sample (point of Tar) Ozsgelt ppm (0,00107) this is due to reasons related to the maintenance of water pipes as it old and has been leaking her lead from the soil
4. study for the sewage where the values of all elements, particularly soluble salts and nitrates, which limit beyond which means that this water unfit for irrigation has risen revealed it needs to be treated and Altnqah.vi when they are used for irrigation by those areas
. . 5. The study revealed that the irrigated soil sample of sewage water which had risen pH values (7.55) and electrical conductivity dsm / m (5,5) and the amount of dissolved salts ppm (588) and sodium mg / l (14,9) and nitrates ppm (79) and Article organic Kdsgelt (4.6%) Mmaichiraly that this water unsuitable for irrigation of crops as influenced Maaly Alterphuartvaa values salts and nitrates, ranked in the saline soils, as classified by the US salinity Laboratory Supplement (6) that affect Maaly Namwallenbat Organic matter .