Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

Background: Effect of seasonal variations in human fertility has been intensively researched; some studies acknowledge influences of seasonal changes on natural conception while others cannot confirm them. The aim of this study was to assess the presence of a possible Seasonal pattern in the functional parameters of Semen samples.
Materials and Methods: This study was carried out on 335 Semen samples that were collected and analyzed according to the average highest temperature of the Normo-spermic men between January 2019 and December 2 014 at the Fertility Center in Al- Sadr medical city. Najaf Iraq.
Results: ALL Semen Parameters displayed trends opposite to average highest temperature variations. Semen volume, sperm concentration sperm motility and normal sperm morphology were significantly lower (p<0.05) in summer than other seasons of the red year: Semen volume sperm concentra and normal sperm morphology was found to be statistically significantly higher in the winter (p<0.05). The percentage of sperm motility was a significantly (p<0.05) is higher in spring The highest values of Semen volume sperm concentration and sperm morphology was recorded in January and February, while a higher sperm motility was found during the march any of the year.
Conclusion: We observed that was significant effect of season on the semen parameters. Highest environment temperature may be a determining factor for the seasonal variations in semen quality.

Enterococci, primarily E. faecalis and E. faecium, can produce inhibitory chemicals including H2O2 , bacteriocins and lactic acid which can stop food pathogens and spoilage bacteria from growing. Fats and phosphates, lipid fats, lipoproteins, glycolipids, polymeric biological agents, and unique biological factors are some of the numerous types of biosurfactants. Biosurfactants can be used to improve oily extraction, ingredients of herbicide and pesticide, detergents, health care and cosmetics, charcoal, textiles, ceramic processing, pulp and paper and food industries, as well as uranium processing and mechanical dewatering from peat. They can also be utilized in a range of industries, such as pharmaceuticals, beverages, preservatives, and environmental remediation procedures like biodegradation, soil washing, and soil flushing.

This review aimed to survey some classes of epipelic composition in Iraqi waters. These data were taken from investigations of epipelic in Iraq, covering both freshwater and saline waters in many cities. 266 species of epipelic algae belonging to 133 genera were identified. Bacillariophyta (diatoms) was the predominant taxon (161 species) followed by Chlorophyta (53 species), Cyanophyta (41 species), Euglenophyta (8 species) and Dinophyta (3 species).. This study proposes to present a checklist of epipelic in Iraq, built on the compilation of preceding surveys.

Whenever the bacterium Acinetobacter Baumannii is mentioned the antimicrobial agents resistance come directly into the mind. This bacteria have been widely distributed worldwide since it have the ability to maintain their living in any surrounding niches including the harsh ones..
Being resistant made it a problematic pathogen that makes therapists unable to treat their patients because some of Acinetobacter Baumannii strains are extensively multidrug resistant(XDR)
A. Baumannii is characterized as Gram negative coccobacilli has the ability to produce catalase but lacking oxidase and fail to ferment glucose.
A. Baumannii can cause wide range of infections comprising various body systems, of which respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin, and blood

Hepatitis C virus is one of the most dangerous and contagious diseases, as its danger lies in the absence of obvious symptoms at the beginning of the infection. Over time, some signs may appear, such as yellowing of the skin , eyes and abdominal pain, but in advanced cases, it may lead to cirrhosis of the liver and may lead to death. The current study aims to know the extent of liver damage to infection with the virus by measuring some biochemical variables such as direct, indirect and total bilirubin, and on the other hand, measuring interleukin-28b to determine the extent of the immune response, The results showed a significant increase in direct and total bilirubin, as well as a significant increase in the concentration of Interleukin-28 b.
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