Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

The study was conducted on 60 footballers and 30 healthy non-athletes to determine the effect of football on cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density protein lipid, low-density protein lipids, very low-density protein lipids in athletes compared to the non-exercise group. In AL-Najaf province. The results showed a significant decrease in cholesterol , triglycerides , the level of low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein( 153.93, 119,89.8,23.8)mg/dl compared with control group (162.9,132.23,102.13,26.493) mg/d but increased levels of high-density protein lipid (54) mg/d compared with control group ( 50) mg/d.

Medicinal plants are traditionally used for the treatment of human infections. The present study was undertaken to investigate Ziziphus spina-christi leaves for their potential activity against human bacterial pathogens. The Aqueous extracts in 50 μg/ml didn’t appear any effect on all bacterial isolates and the maximum Zone Inhibition appeared in100 μg/ml was 9 mm against Klebsieela .oxytoca and Proteus .mirabilis ,Pseudomonas .aeruginosa and Staphylococcus. aureus appeared slow responses toward this extract with zone of inhibition 6 mm; 4 mm and 4 mm for above isolates respectively in 100 μg/ml . The zone inhibition of 50 μg/ml of Ethanol extract were follow . K. oxytoca (17 mm), P.mirablis (15 mm), P. aeruginosa (13mm)and S. aureus (16 mm), . but when used 100 μg/ml form Ethanol extract the results appeared the inhibition zone of bacterial growth were 26mm for K.oxytoca ,28 mm for P. mirabilis,23mm for Ps. aeruginosa and 24mm for Staph. aureus. In other side the results listed in same table showed the Methanol extract were more effective as follow in diameter of zone inhibition for K.oxytoca (19 mm),P. mirabilis (16 mm), Ps.aeruginosa ( 14 mm ) and Staph. aureus (18mm) when used 50 μg/ml .but when used 100 μg/ml the diameter of zone inhibition were increased to reach 30mm for K.oxytoca ,28mm for P.mirabilis ,26mm for Ps. aeruginosa and 25mm for Staph. aureus .All above results were compared with antibacterial activity of Gentamycin (10 μg) and Amikacin (30 μg) .

Any bacterial species is found to be regulating their activities like pathogenicity, antibiotic resistant, biofilm production, and others by phenomenon system called quorum sensing. This system is dependent on production signaling molecules called autoinducers (AI); consequently, we tested the presence of QS genes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) among different gram negative bacterial pathogens.
Material and Methods: Fifty isolates of each of Citrobacter spp., E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas auroginosa were obtained from different private clinical laboratories in Baghdad and Al-Najaf cites in the period of June 2020- February 2021. Bacteria were identified using CHROM agar Orientation followed by Vitek2 system. Quorum sensing genes (abaI 382bp and AHL gene 498bp) were screened by PCR.
Results: It is showed that E. coli had abaI and AHL genes among 80% and 92% isolates, respectively. Also, Citrobacter spp. had abaI and AHL genes among 73% and 82% isolates, respectively. Salmonella typhimurium had abaI and AHL genes among 66% and 79% isolates, respectively. Finally, Pseudomonas auroginosa had abaI and AHL genes among 58% and 96% isolates, respectively.
Conclusion: It is concluded that pathogens tested had the regulatory system quorum sensing leading to the concern of causing chronic infection.

Convolvulus dorycnium subsp. oxysepalus (Boiss.) Rech. from the family Convolvulaceae is a new host for Orobanche mutelii F. Schultz from Orobanchaceae and it is a new plant addition for the Flora of Iraq. Identification and morphological study have been done for the plants under study, these illustrated by graphs. In addition, some features of the leaf and stem anatomy have been examined.

Vitiligo is acquired pigmentation disorder characterized by sharply defined white spots of irregular shape and variable dimensions, increasing in volume and number over time. The causes of vitiligo are still unknown. But it involve some theories like autoimmunity, this study was aimed to detection the relationship between the vitiligo and celiac disease by investigating the presence of celiac tissue transglutaminase IgA(tTGA) autoantibody in patients of vitiligo by using ELISA technique . The study was conducted on 100 patients with vitiligo and 100 healthy individual as control , the mean age of vitiligo patient was 19.4 year and control was 26.3 year .The results of study were showed , twenty six of cases have family history of vitiligo , 53 of cases have family history of other autoimmune disorders, as well as 4 of cases have positive family history of vitiligo with diabetes and thyroid disorders. Tissue transglutaminase IgA antibody test was showed ,12 out of 100 of vitiligo cases were registered Seropositivity result to tTGA antibody, while 4 out of 100 of control were Seropositive to this antibody ,other cases and control were negative for IgA antibody.