Journal of the College of Education for Women

This research aims to clarify the concept of doctrinal
rules and adjust its basic terminologies. It further aims to lay
down a map for the method of rooting this science by
mentioning its rooted sources, in addition to drawing a
miniature picture of its history, origin, formation and
development. The paper ends with practical models to
highlight its importance in rooting the science of nodal rules
and facilitating the mentioning of its scattered discussions in a
short and comprehensive phrase. The study further illustrates
the pioneering role of doctrinal rules science in managing the
doctrinal disputes, combining multiple sayings, and in
bringing together opposing opinions. The study follows the
inductive, descriptive and analytical approach. The
importance of the research topic lies in the fact that it tackles
something that has not yet been widely examined. Thus,
researching such a topic is considered a new thing due to the
scarcity of what has been written on it, on the one hand. On
the other hand, the topic is serious as it talks about the
Contractual Rules, which have not gained sufficient research
among the applicants. Besides, what has been so far written on
the doctrinal rules is related to the chapters of the doctrine and
its general discussions; a matter which is similar to AlGhazali’s rules of beliefs. No allocation was dedicated to its
contractual aspect. Accordingly, the present research is one of
the important building blocks of the doctrinal lesson, as it is
related to inferencing the science of belief and collecting its
dispersed discussions under general rules in an easy and brief
phrase. One of the most prominent conclusions is when
contemplating the differences between the Islamic sects, one
finds that they fall into parts and not wholes. If the parts are
referred to their wholes, the disagreement will be less.

This research aims to clarify the concept of doctrinal
rules and adjust its basic terminologies. It further aims to lay
down a map for the method of rooting this science by
mentioning its rooted sources, in addition to drawing a
miniature picture of its history, origin, formation and
development. The paper ends with practical models to
highlight its importance in rooting the science of nodal rules
and facilitating the mentioning of its scattered discussions in a
short and comprehensive phrase. The study further illustrates
the pioneering role of doctrinal rules science in managing the
doctrinal disputes, combining multiple sayings, and in
bringing together opposing opinions. The study follows the
inductive, descriptive and analytical approach. The
importance of the research topic lies in the fact that it tackles
something that has not yet been widely examined. Thus,
researching such a topic is considered a new thing due to the
scarcity of what has been written on it, on the one hand. On
the other hand, the topic is serious as it talks about the
Contractual Rules, which have not gained sufficient research
among the applicants. Besides, what has been so far written on
the doctrinal rules is related to the chapters of the doctrine and
its general discussions; a matter which is similar to AlGhazali’s rules of beliefs. No allocation was dedicated to its
contractual aspect. Accordingly, the present research is one of
the important building blocks of the doctrinal lesson, as it is
related to inferencing the science of belief and collecting its
dispersed discussions under general rules in an easy and brief
phrase. One of the most prominent conclusions is when
contemplating the differences between the Islamic sects, one
finds that they fall into parts and not wholes. If the parts are
referred to their wholes, the disagreement will be less.

The present paper focuses on examining the style
of both the civilized dialogue of Prophet Hud (PBUH) in
the Glorious Qur'an, and the debated dialogue of Aad’s
people. The study consists of an introduction which
shows the importance of the civilized dialogue and its
significant impact on containing, accepting, and
persuading the other in peaceful ways without intolerance
and violence. Then, the conditions and techniques of the
civilized dialogue and its types have been mentioned.
This is followed by the practical side of the study, which
involves examining stylistically the techniques used in
Hud’s (PBUH) civilized dialogue to be invested later in
people’s future conversations. It is also concerned with
investigating stylistically Aad's debated dialogue to avoid
the techniques used in them in any future conversations.
The research finally highlighted a number of conclusions,
such as: The civilized dialogue is a persistent human
need, especially with the increasing use of the debated
dialogue which has led to devastating results at a global
level. Moreover, Hud’s dialogue with his people was
characterized by being civilized. Through which, he tried
to contain, accept and persuade the other to the path of
goodness and faith using various linguistic styles. The
style of the Holly Quraan has stated through the
transmitted Aad’s dialogues with Hud (PBUH) that Aad’s
dialogues were debated and characterized by violence,
threat, intimidation, and false accusation. Such a style was
used by Aad people to stop Hud from promoting his
invitation

It is no doubt that dialogue is a behavior for human
communication. It varies according to the place and
occasion that requires it. Dialogues are of two types:
positive purposeful and negative non-purposeful. The
study aims to shed light on those patterns of dialogues
contained in the Quranic stories represented by the
characters and events participating in that dialogue
activity. To expand the circle of social relations, and in
order to make these relationships a success, there are
several rules that must be adhered to. For instance, the
dialogue should not be tolerant to a personal opinion, or
prolonged, or should not deviate from its text. The
expression of polite dialogue has been raised in
recognition of these dialogue etiquette. To achieve this
goal, one needs logical evidence that leads to persuasion,
by taking into account the private and public psyche
participating in the dialogue event. One further needs to
link the ancestors backwards by recognizing the suffering
of the prophets while communicating the heavenly
messages. As for the approach used in the analysis, it is
the mechanism of descriptive narration. It involves
narrating the events and characters of the dialogue process
using a multiplicity of patterns, such as the self-dialogue,
the monologue dialogue, and the supreme dialogue. It can
be said that the Quranic text is a vessel that contains a
dialogue in all its forms, starting with the Almighty’s
dialogue with his angels to His dialogue with Satan as
well as His prophets. The study helps to strength the
bonds of communication between the interlocutors by
accepting the different points of view. It further helps to
realize the best results by adopting the multiplicity of
opinions, ideas, and scientific arguments that are
disciplined with compelling evidence far from artificiality in order to achieve the truth and nullify the falsehood. The
research concluded that the dialogue with its narrative
aspects in the Quranic stories is characterized by factual
events that are void of any sort of imagination. It is
further characterized by its prolonged times and ages, so
that the reader enjoys thinking while mediating the
scenes. Besides, the availability of the Quranic stories
over these dialogue features is a feature of the graphic
miracles of this holy book, which helps to win the
dialogue.

The study aims to examine education and the
challenges of globalization in light of Corona pandemic.
The examination involves surveying a randomly selected
sample from the University of Baghdad’s professors,
particularly from the colleges of Education for Women,
Arts, and Sciences. The purpose of this examination is to
learn about the dimensions of globalization, its effects on
the educational process, and the importance of distance
education during the spread of Corona virus quarantine.
To achieve this, the researcher followed a descriptive and
analytical approach by applying a questionnaire to a
sample of 70 teachers who were randomly selected
electronically. Results have shown that 78.6%
emphasized the contribution of globalization during
Corona pandemic to develop teachers’ ability to employ
modern technology and informatics. Besides, 65.7%
pinpointed the role of globalization in activating the
dialogue between teachers and learners during the
discontinuation of the traditional means of teaching. This
further allowed for continuity and non-stop education.
Besides, there are differences between the effects of
globalization and the learning of violent behavior for
students attributed to gender and for the benefit of males.
In addition, there are no statistically significant
differences between globalization and academic
achievement of students during corona pandemic at the
freedom degree (1) and level of significant (0.05).
Accordingly, the study recommended the need to review
the educational system and reformulate its goals,
objectives, goals and curricula in light of the globalization
of knowledge that has become a reality. This can only be
achieved by developing the capabilities of the teachers and the learners to face the challenges of globalization
and get adapted to them

This study deals with the role that social work
profession plays in all its fields to reduce social
extremism at home, or school or within society. The study
aims to: examine the historical roots of social work in the
Iraqi society, investigate the objectives of the
developmental role of social work, review the theories of
social extremism, its characteristics, and causes, and to
analyze the developmental role of social work to limit
social extremism. To meet the objectives of the study, a
descriptive analytical approach has been adopted. It
involves using the social sampling survey method, i.e., a
questionnaire tool in the University of Baghdad
community-College of Media. The sample was randomly
selected to include (100) students from the College of
Mass Communication. The study has concluded that
(75%) of the sample answered Yes about the
developmental role of social work in curbing extremism
within the family. Moreover, 85% of the research sample
emphasized the developmental role of social work in
curbing extremism within the school community. The
results have also revealed a relationship between the
developmental role of social work and the reduction of
social extremism within the school community. This is
because the computed value is (68.5) which is greater
than the tabulated value (48.3) at a degree of freedom (1)
and a level of significance (0.05). It has also been noted
that there is a significant correlation relationship at (0.05)
level of significance between the developmental role of
social work and social extremism

Sesame crop, one of the very important oily,
industrial, and summer crops that is economically
important, has been investigated. The plantation and
production of this crop has been studied in Al-Qadisiyah
governorate during 2003-218. This is because this
governorate is well-known by sesame plantation. Such a
study helps to know the geographical distribution of
sesame agricultural season in 2017-2018, and explore the
most important natural factors that affect its plantation.
Different research approaches have been adopted based
on that facts that need to be met. A field study approach
has been used in studying sesame crop descriptively and
conceptually, shedding light on its nutritional and
economic importance. Moreover, a descriptive
comparative approach has been adopted when studying
the geographical factors to know about the factors that
affect its plantation and production in the area in question.
Results have shown that climatic conditions of the area is
suitable for its plantation and production. However, the
soils of Al-Qadisiyah are of various categories. The best
category is the riverbank soil, then comes river basin soil,
and the depression soil of poor drainage. The latter has
been invested after reclaiming it through planting the rice
crop. Another type of soil is the sand dune soil which is
unsuitable for agricultural production. Another type is the
gypsum desert soil, which is agriculturally poor. Results
have further revealed that rivers are considered the main
surface water resource in the irrigation process as
represented by the Euphrates River and its branches
within the governorate. This is due to the lack of rain and
its fluctuation. Moreover, is has also been found AlShanafiyah district recorded the highest areas planted with sesame crop, followed by Al- Diwaniyah district
center, then Al- Shafi’i district and Al- Afak district
center. On the other hand, Al-Shamia district and AlHamza district center cultivation do not grow the crop at
all. As for the production, it has been noted that AlShafi’i district, Al- Diwaniyah district center, and AlAffak district center have recorded the best areas in
producing sesame crop, respectively.

The present study aims at examining quantitatively
the morphometric characteristics of Iziana Valley basin
that is located in the northern part of Iraq; particularly in
south of Erbil Governorate. This basin is considered one
of the small sub-basins where its valleys run on
formations of the Triple and Quadrant Ages, which are
represented by the Bay Hassan formations, and the
sediments and mixed sediments of the cliffs, respectively.
The area of the Iziana basin amounts to (36.39 km2
)
whereas the percentage of its rotation reaches (0.17); a
low percentage, which indicates that the basin diverges
from the circular to the rectangular shape. The value of
the elongation ratio of the basin reaches (0.38) while the
terrain ratio of the basin is (0.03), a low percentage that
entails the weakness of its erosion processes and the small
volume of the carried and transported sediments. As for
the relative topography of the basin, it was (1.08), which
is also a low value. It indicates a relatively large area of
the basin and the impressive strides that it has made in its
erosion cycle. The total river levels of the basin reach (5)
ranks, and their numbers vary from one rank to another.
Moreover, the total length of the drainage networks in the
basin reached (187.4 km), and the prevailing drainage
patterns in the basin are the tree and parallel patterns. The
researcher has adopted spatial, formal, topographical, and
river net-work properties for the purpose of first
determining the shape of the basin, the stage of its
erosion, its secondary basins, and its terrestrial features
that have been developed as a result of the contrast
between the erosion and sedimentation processes. Second,
such properties have also been used to identify the
prevailing drainage patterns in the basin using geographic
information systems technology and a pilot study

The present study aims at examining quantitatively
the morphometric characteristics of Iziana Valley basin
that is located in the northern part of Iraq; particularly in
south of Erbil Governorate. This basin is considered one
of the small sub-basins where its valleys run on
formations of the Triple and Quadrant Ages, which are
represented by the Bay Hassan formations, and the
sediments and mixed sediments of the cliffs, respectively.
The area of the Iziana basin amounts to (36.39 km2
)
whereas the percentage of its rotation reaches (0.17); a
low percentage, which indicates that the basin diverges
from the circular to the rectangular shape. The value of
the elongation ratio of the basin reaches (0.38) while the
terrain ratio of the basin is (0.03), a low percentage that
entails the weakness of its erosion processes and the small
volume of the carried and transported sediments. As for
the relative topography of the basin, it was (1.08), which
is also a low value. It indicates a relatively large area of
the basin and the impressive strides that it has made in its
erosion cycle. The total river levels of the basin reach (5)
ranks, and their numbers vary from one rank to another.
Moreover, the total length of the drainage networks in the
basin reached (187.4 km), and the prevailing drainage
patterns in the basin are the tree and parallel patterns. The
researcher has adopted spatial, formal, topographical, and
river net-work properties for the purpose of first
determining the shape of the basin, the stage of its
erosion, its secondary basins, and its terrestrial features
that have been developed as a result of the contrast
between the erosion and sedimentation processes. Second,
such properties have also been used to identify the
prevailing drainage patterns in the basin using geographic
information systems technology and a pilot study

The structure of the interrogation process in crossexaminations is said to be diverse and complex in terms of
question-response typology. This is because the counsel
has to extract truth from an opposing party’s witness
whose views are expected to advocate that party's views
regarding the case. Accordingly, the study which is
basically quantitative in nature aims to investigate what the
examining party intends to obtain out of these questions
and which of these questions are the most prevalently used.
It also aims to measure the amount of cooperativity in
witnesses' responses. Accordingly, three transcripts of
cross-examination have been analyzed, using a
pragmatically-oriented approach. The approach draws on
Stenstorm (1984) and Archer's (2005) classification of
questions; Stenstorm (1984) and Archer's (2002)
classificatory scheme of responses which is based on the
strategies of violating Grice's (1975) maxims to determine
the degree of cooperation on the part of respondents. The
analysis revealed a diversity in the attorneys' method,
making the use of four types of leading questions as well
as non-leading ones represented by WH questions. The
latter recorded the least percentage in comparison with the
overall percentage of leading questions. That is; a
preference is shed on the part of cross-examining counsel
towards leading over non-leading questions. Moreover, the
majority of the responses given have indicated the
witnesses' commitment to the purpose and format of the
questions posed, showing a high level of cooperativity on
the part of those witnesses

Persuasion is an indispensable skill in everyday life;
that is why, it has aroused researchers’ interest. This study
aims to investigate the most frequently used persuasive
strategies in texting WHO COVID-19 Virtual Press
Conferences and explore how these strategies are
employed to achieve persuasive messages. To this end, a
text of WHO COVID-19 Virtual Press Conferences has
been chosen randomly to be analyzed based on Dillard and
Shen’s (2013) “Persuasive strategies in Health
Campaigns”. A qualitative method has been adopted in
analyzing the selected data to investigate the credibility
and validity of the persuasive strategies used in such a
domain. Findings have shown that most of the persuasive
appeals based on the adopted model are used, but in
varying proportions. The total number of the persuasive
strategies used in the data is (38) where the incentive
appeals constitute 36% (14), the quantitative dissemination
factors equal to 18 % (7), the one sided-vs. two-sided
messages are 18 %(7), the evidence is 13 %(5), the
message sources are 7 % (3), and the message qualities are
5 % (2), respectively. These frequencies show that
‘incentive appeals’ are mostly used. This is because
Physical health, or factors, such as the economic, legal,
psychological, social, and effort are the key dimensions of
the incentive appeals. Each has a positive potential and
negative evaluations based on audience’ predispositions.
Accordingly, the field in which the persuasive appeals are
used determines the frequent use of each one.