Adab AL Rafidayn

This paper contains an introduction and two chapters. Chapter one deals with the study of these recitals. The second one deals with the different texts, the documention and arrangements of them.

This paper introduces one of the most well-known linguists. His contributions were great in the field of linguistics.
This work consist of an introduction and two parts: First part deals with his life. Second part tackles his narrations classified Alphabetically. A list of references has been mention at the end of research.

Throughout a contemporary psycho-analytic method and an urgent synthesis composed of multiple methodological capabilities which are either out-of-text or textual, This research: “The argumentation of desire and antagonism in Omru’u El-Qeis’s Mo’allaqa” tackles the concept of desire in its dialectical contradiction besides the antagonistic tendency of the poet appeared in this major long poem. And via to all images and paints that represented the essence of the technical structure of the poem, the research, also investigated the development of the concept of the desire right from level of enjoyment and biological satisfaction up to the human existential level at which the desire turns into the essence of man who may vanish for the sake of gaining it as it happens with subject of Omru’u Al-Qeis.

This research is a modern attempt to review and examine the linguistic origination of the words and lexical items of our Arabic of what our ancient linguists had written.
The researcher has found that this origination is based on estimation and intuition, in addition to scientific perception, inference, and induction which our linguists are characterized by its good features and merits. On the other hand, this may be part of the weakness which enables us to enter into this field and to examine its accuracy, scientificness, and using modern linguistic knowledge in our age. Thus the researcher has intended to discover and to know the ancient A’riba languages (sisters of the Arabic language) to examine the Arabic linguistic origination as well as reviewing it by depending on contrastive linguistics between Arabic and closely related languages. The origin of them are almost the same. This is instead of relying on estimation and intuition Arab linguists whenever they don’t know the abstract origins of some words and utterances. The researcher has based his comparison on the pre-Islamic poetry utterances since they are the essential in the origination of the Arabic language and because it is the researchers domain. So, can we get use of contrastive linguistics with the ancient languages by a new origination of the meanings of Arabic language in a way different from that adopted by our old Arab linguists? This is what the researcher is trying to prove.

Being a rhythmic technique, parallelism is considered of the most important stylistic techniques in the poetry of Hamid Sa’eed who has succeeded in exploiting it in serving the text and enriching its rhythm and supporting its sign. This research discussed the parallelism on the phonological, morphological, grammatical levels, as well as on the level semantic contrast, the culminational uprise and the parallelism on rhyme level up to reach its influence shaping on the musical structure of the divan.

This research tackles the poetic necessity which occurs usually in Arab poetry among the grammarians.
It is a poetic phenomena takes place in some points that disobeyed the grammatical rules.
Al-Mobarrid is considered to be the first who composed a book deals with the phenomena.

The research suggests the title “hint love poetry” to what the researches called political or satiric poetry in the Umayyad period. The researcher sees that what is meant in this poetry is not the woman herself but for untold purpose the woman is the active means in it. It also includes implied motives.

This study tackles one of the most important issues related to the existence of man and life; it is an issue studied by nearly everyone because it is related to the existence of man .The subject of this study is the divine Entity and the title of the study is ((The Methodological Frames for Proving the Divine Entity between the Mental and the Cited Evidence)). The study tries to put forward this issue from both the mental and the cited evidence. The rational people have proved and agreed on that the world has an all maker, an all maker, an all creator and an all cherisher; they substantiated that by abstract mental evidence. It is widely known that people, with their different religions and beliefs and since the beginning of the creation until now, they do belief and agree that universe has a capable willing creator, but they disagreed upon determining the concept of the God. Despite that people know the existence of God, they worshipped others along with him all that things are made by man except that brought by the prophets and messenger. For that reason, the study consist of an introduction, preface and two sections consisting of five topics. The introduction is the preamble and the motive to write this subject and to elaborate the methodology. The preface comprises a definition to avoid the readers confusion, a list of terminologies to clarify their meanings and determine their limits; so it is a part that clarify their meanings determine their limits; so it is apart that clarifies the issues that have been ambiguous within the study. Section one is monotheistcal frame, which is the most important, consisting of two topics: Topic one: searching for the God; it contains the mental ways and methods. The study tries to prove that through establishing a decisive proof and this is what has been agreed upon by the rational people of the world. The second part of topic tow deals with the Quranic way of proving the existence of the God by evidence and proofs. Some of these evidence can be understood from the contexts of the ayahs related to the creation showing the evidence of possibility which is a mental one, and the evidence of occurrence through investigating the Quranic ayahs which are narrated in a captivating style. Topic two talks about substantiating the oneness of Allah; these evidence are mental such as the evidence of successiveness and the evidence of prevention. Section two tackles the ways leading to the sound belief (creed) which are the ways that guide the man to understand the existence of the God and how He can be known. This is an epistemic frame which should be thoroughly known and can be represented by three ways as explained by the rational people; these three ways by means of which things can be known are; the sound senses, the truthful tradition and the mind. The sound senses and the truthful tradition are two important means to know the sciences; the senses are the windows of mind to the universe since the mind cannot realize the information without the senses and this is something taken for granted in spite of that some Islamic and Western schools suspect the ability of senses to get knowledge. The study discusses this issue and gives evidence which prove that mind cannot realize the information except by means of senses. The scholars refer that there is a second way to make use of the information which is the truthful tradition way. This was defined by the scholars as the tradition agrees with the reality and applied to it. An example of this is the (Al-Khabar Al-Mutawater) the recurrent tradition which has been agreed upon by people to be true since those who recounted it cannot collude to lie, so it cannot be regarded as a lie. The third way is the mind. This study handles the issue of Does the mind stand alone to know the information? Or the Islamic Law will be its evidence to do that? The researcher has mentioned the opinions of the scholars and considered that the mind cannot stand alone to know something unless it is guided to the right direction. By means of these three ways specified by the scholars, it has been found that these ways are related to each other regarding the process of obtaining knowledge and they are among the most important knowledge to know the all Creator (Allah). The study reached at some important findings and the most important one is the meeting of reason and tradition. Also, it showed that there is no contradictory between them, but they are concomitant to reach the way to know the Divine Entity. Furthermore, the study shows that the mind is subject to the Islamic Law and serves it to accept and understand it

Affixation in Arabic is one of issues in which grammarian a time when phonology was one of the subjects that should tackled in grammar book.
The present paper studies affixes Being a phonological lexical issue in Arabic it is also related to the sentence structure which is syntactically studied.
To achieve the goal of uncovering the phonological relationships among these affixes, the plan of the paper falls into two directions. The first one introduces these affixes lexical meaning and technical meaning, the number of the affixes pattern. These affixes are previewed morphologically.
The second one deals with the phonological features which make them called affixes through studying each one separately.
It was found out that the harmony of “Alef, waw, and ya”, and their softness made the as affixes. The softer the letter, the more recurrent as an affix it is.
Almubarid did not exclude “alhaa” from the affixes in Arabic.

This paper investigates the phenomenon of “corroboration” in the surat (a chapter in the Glorious Quran) Yousif that forms the corner stone in conducting the dialogue throughout this sura.
This phenomenon plays a vital role in showing the hidden meanings behind the dialogue among characters in
this sura.
This paper involves a prelude in which the term Tawkeed “confirmation” is tackled linguistically and logically. Also it investigates corroboration styles used. They are classified into two parts: firstly, the verbal corroboration, and secondly corroboration via certain expressions that include various meaning.
Finally, it includes conclusions in addition to an appendix clarifying the positions in which corroboration styles have been used.

Colour represent a mystery of the world and a riddle on which this phenomenon, with its day and night, earth and sky, is based. The importance of colour in the poetry of the Umaid poet is manifested according to a strategy which has derived its elements and pillars from the nature of the elevated poetic text, from what can be noticed by probing deep in the poets poems. The following study is regarded as the heart of the poetic theme whose effects start right from their effective presence in the colour text.

Abu Bakir Al-Shibli is regarded as one of the pioneers in Islamic sofism. To know his so fistic elements, the research includes his biography and sofistic understanding of the Quran and Al-Suna. The research also deals with the elements of sofism in Al-Shibli’s point of view in the light of devoting one’s self to Allah, the Almighty. In addition to his sofistic concept of Monotheism which opened a wide aspects of faith. Finally, the research sheds light on Al-Shibli’s isolation during his sofistic practices.

Ibn Badis (1889-1940) was a man of thought, culture and restoration. He was really the pioneer of nationality thought and Islamic Arabic culture in Algeria. His concept of Arabism and Islam stemmed from his comprehension of the concept of mother nationality(Algeria) as something historical, real and present. Arabism for him is homeland and a nation that preceded Islam, and he did not find any distinction to be Amazyghian Algerian or Arabian Muslim. He was fighting under complex revolutionary circumstances when the French colonizer used all Kinds of compulsion and force that pushed the Algerian people to sacrifice about one million martyrs so as to achieve his identity, independence and his Arabic affiliation.

This research deals with the role that the Islamic-Arab Civilizations plays through the writings of the historian Al-Sakhawi. The research included several issues such as the importance and the benefit of history among other sciences, also the conditions the historian should have the foremost of which fair-mindedness, precession and not to overdo in scrutiny, and in criticism. In addition to the good knowledge whereby he narrates the events.
Moreover, the paper deals with the practical side in the writings of Al-Sakhawi through the returning to some of the biographies of historians which can be found in books like “Al-Dhao’a Al-Lami’a”. Similarly, the research considers the opinion of the Islamic law concerning writing history because Al-Sakhawi has listed writings history among the five essential Islamic Rules, i.e. (Wajb) the compulsory duty (Al-Mustahab) the recommended, (Al-Makroh) the reprehensive, (Al-Mubah) the permissive and (Al-Haram) the forbidden.
Also, the research explains some of the conditions that the contemporary Muslim historian should have.

The present research tackles the educational and research approach in the Dept. of History in the Colleges of Arts and Education. It aims at determining the differences between the two approach. It compares them in order to put the two Depts. On the right track. The aim behind this is to discover if the titles of the two Depts. agree with and apply to their academic syllabuses.

Unemployment is the most serious problem facing different states of world-developing and developed states due to their consequences and implications in economic, social and political aspects. Such problems constitute a virgin area for growing social and psychological maladies, in addition to spreading violence and crime, reducing living standards, and increasing those who are under poverty level.

The studies that emphasize on the impact of society on the specific types of knowledge go back to Auguste Comte (1798-1857) who connected certain social formations to precise kinds of knowledge: religious, philosophical, and scientific positivism. What can be understood from this law is that (Comte) believes that the thought (knowledge) is the engine and creator of society. He called for getting rid from all religious and metaphysical kinds of thought and recourse to methodology of natural sciences to reach to results that are similar to the results of natural sciences. He intended to discover the laws which regulate the life of individuals and societies. This approach takes us to the positive situation of science.
The contemporary studies do not intend to prove the idea that the content of scientific knowledge (scientific or experimental sciences) is empty from human and social elements. Subsequently, (decisive experiment) is no longer a crucial concept of science. There were many theories and ideas occurred and accepted without scientific reasons. These theories did not submit to decisive experiment. The knowledge with its different forms, whether they are humanities or natural, is affected by society's form and social status.
From this perspective, the study adopts the idea that asserts that theories and contemporary scientific discoveries submit to the influence of social factors in the content of knowledge. Thus, the science is affected by human impact which includes the society’s form, political interests, economic interests, social interests, ethical principles, and economic conflicts.
The study also examines the critiques proposed about the role of social factors in the content of scientific knowledge. It discusses these issues in order to insist on the role of social elements and conditions in the content of scientific knowledge. The study consists of the below topics:
1. The relationship between science and knowledge.
2. Sociology of knowledge
3. Sociology of science
4. The social knowledge and imitation to science
5. The situation of social knowledge in post positive-logical tendencies
6. Opponent tendencies for positivism in social thought.
7. The science is a relative social knowledge

The research aims at defining the traditional and modern concept of school library. The aims and function of school library which encourages students to read and prepares an educated and a ware generation capable of developing the community in all its aspects.
The school libraries in Iraq generally and in Nineveh province especially passed through many stages but the most important one is the issue of the school libraries law no. 54 in 1974 which established the scientific bases of the school library.
The research has come up with many results the most important one is that there are school libraries in Nineveh province that hold a good collection of rare and valuable books. These obtained during the previous years of its life. Some libraries have but few books, other libraries have no books at all, and there are many examples of that.
The study recommends that selection of school libraries collections of books should be done according to definite standards, as well as establishing a central school library for the directorate general of Nineveh education which resembles University of Mosul central library.

The paper gives a brief presentation of the kinds of Arabic newspapers showing their varied specialization, belonging, attitudes and information covered. These put the indexer in a confusing situation to draw his way in indexing them. It raises numerous and varied questions which need taking decisions relating to the objective(s) of the index, the type(s) of users, the numerical, kind, geographical and subject coverage of the index along with the information on the news, events, persons, mistakes and contradictions in the reports, studies and researches. They need criteria for inclusion and exclusion. The paper also gives the bibliographical elements to be included in the index. In addition it presents the guides to newspaper indexing and the technologies used for that.

On connecting the local information networks, and consequently forming the international network, a substantial change has occurred in all means of communication. Accordingly, the electronic publishing has become an essential issue in the public life and in the areas of information, economics, politics, management, distribution, etc. Other multi-media also emerged to facilitate the process of publishing and communication. Also the international publishers, universities, research centers, information centers, libraries, companies and people have establishes their own cites on the internet. Therefore, electronic information on the internet has become a fact that has grown and spread within a short period of time. Thus, the importance of this study comes from these facts.
The study consists of five parts: the first part covers the issue of globalization and its influence on the process of communication, technological developments and the emergence of internet. The second part includes the developments that the internet has caused in the field of information. The third part identifies the electronic information and the reasons of its spread. The fourth part includes the forms of electronic publishing and identifies the electronic journalism, blogs, and you-tubes which have appeared recently and also the reasons behind the fast spread of these forms of electronic publishing and their effects on information and its media. The fifth part covers the electronic advertisement and its effects on the traditional and electronic information media. It also reflects the present status of information in the world. The study also provides a summary of the influence of information on the traditional information media with some conclusions.

The present study sheds light on very important and common matter in the central libraries in Baghdad. This subject is the selection of classification number. The paper aims at introducing the problems that face the researcher in his searching. Similarly, it shows the role of classification in order to get an easy and quick access to the book(s) required. In spite of the technical devices being used in these libraries, the quick access to the book(s) still seems to be not applicable, unless full and correct data are given about the accessed book(s). The study review samples amounted to 381 books that were classified differently by different libraries. The study recommends to form a unified committee for classification in the central libraries in order to overcome this problem.

The research aims at providing a definition of the concept of information services marketing, its justifications, methods and the qualifications of a successful librarians involved in information marketing.
In addition to the role of information technology, particularly the internet and the reflections of this technology on the process of the services of information marketing in libraries.
The study comes up with the conclusion that the methods of marketing play an important role in the process of marketing, especially in the field of information services in libraries which lie benefit libraries similarly those libraries which hold their roles to develop the library services and finally to the benefits of library users and their attitudes towards the library.
The two researchers see that this is possible if the scientific theories of library information marketing are applied in the libraries and if a suitable plan or mechanism of work is put and followed by the libraries and likewise if we provide a sufficient library staff, if we use the internet in the process of information marketing as well.

The study aims at identifying the present status of
Al-Awqaf public library at Mosul, its types of patrons, services, collections and the methods of acquisitions and technical services followed in it, as well as the management of the library. It is a case study based on collecting data through interviews with persons responsible for the library and the other library staff.
The study comes out with some conclusions, the most important of them is the need for professional library staff specialized in the field of library and information science.
The study also presents some recommendations, among which is to establish a joint committee from the staff of the library itself, and from outside professional librarians to put a formal written collection development policy for the library and to computerize the library services

It is a common fact that “Al-Thiker” is an emotional state in which those who fear God feel the pleasure of spiritual rapprochement to the all living creator and which is a state where a glim of guidance light rises on their hearts to direct them to the straight – forward path.
This paper deals with many subjects that are related to “Al-Thiker” in general and to the "mystic Al – Thiker" in particular.
The Linguistic and terminological origin of the word “Al-Thiker” is the best beginning that is found while searching for the “Al-Thiker” subject. Then the ways, types, lexes, features and benefits of “Al-Thiker” are tackled.
“Al-Thiker” is the behaviour of man in which one avoids inattention, prevents oneself towards good deeds by the complete follow of the last prophet whose behaviour was directed by the Quran.
Generally, “Al-Thiker” which includes the name of God, contemplation, prayer, reading the Quran and supplication, is the base of the mystic behaviour. The most common meanings of “Al-Thiker” are mentioning the name of God and contemplation.
“Al-Thiker” may be either secretly or publicly.

The demographic diversification is a distinguished character in the great cities. Vertically, the diversification dimensions lie in the expansion of the gap between the top and base of the economic pyramid. Horizontally, the diversification is caused by the ethnic, religious and tribal differences. The research will not deal with the first aspect, but it will be satisfied in dealing with the second one only, as an applied on Mosul city, which is considered as a population polarization center of the hinterland areas, which is distinguished by diversification in the second aspect.
The diversification character is not considered as an urban problem, when the urban administrative system is rigorous. But it seems to be a real problem, when the city loses the executive venaration, then, population of the hinterland areas who settle inside the city, has become a fifth battlion for the start off area. The research tackles by analysis the diversity justifications, and the reactions which reflect on the urban life in Mosul city.

For many linguists and applied linguists the description of the principles and properties that are common to all or most languages is the ultimate pinnacle of linguistic enquiry. These properties have referred to as language universals. Two types of language universals are commonly identified: formal universals and substantive universals. Formal universals refer to general design features of language such as the movement and ordering of items according to certain principle and that all languages are 'category- based' i.e. every language has nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs although the items which count as such may vary from one language to another. Substantive universals are the particular structural features which languages have in common as part of their content such as the noun phrase and that the phrase usually the complement comes before or after the head, and in the way these phrases are combined to form a sentence .
Binomials formation, the process by which a language uses the ordering of certain conjoined items of two or more sometimes three words to form (ir)reversible units seem to be universal although they differ in the degree of reversibility, the category under which they occur and the syntactic and semantic constraints upon their formation process. They are available in English, German, Arabic and Kurdish
(Irreversible) freezes , or binomials , or lexical phrases (Polo, 1998) are fixed, mostly formulaic and idiomatic expressions linked by coordinating conjunctions 'and' 'or' or a preposition e.g. 'law and order', ‘dead or alive’, 'hand in hand'. Malkiel ( defines them as "a sequence of two words pertaining to the same form class, placed on an identical level of syntactic hierarchy and ordinarily connected by the same kind of lexical link". Frozen binomials are those "that occur nearly exclusively in one order- including several semantic and phonological principles and reasons for their freezing" . Doblin (1981) notes that they are "a special group within idiomatic expressions." While for Gil freezes are "conjoined expressions in which the order of the conjuncts is fixed".

This research deals with ‘Aphasia in Erbil’. During my long experience in teaching English in many secondary schools for boys and girls in Erbil, I have come across some patients of aphasia. People of different ages suffer from different types of aphasia, and wish to get recovery from it.
Some light has been thrown on aphasia: its definition, types, differences with tongue slips, cases, causes, treatment and conclusions

One of the major features of modern literature is experimentation. Hence, Haiku, Tanka1, Ghazal2 and many other foreign poetic forms became well-known forms in modern and contemporary American and English poetry and they found hundreds of practitioners. Most of the well-known dictionaries of literary terms define haiku as “a Japanese verse form consisting of seventeen syllables in three lines of five, seven and five syllables respectively” (Cuddon: 300). The three lines of a haiku, argues Kenneth Yasuda, correspond to the three elements of time, place and object (Yasuda: 179) which are the basic elements of any haiku. There is no haiku without these three elements. Take, for instance, this haiku by Basho, the most outstanding Japanese haiku poet:
Spring Morning
Season of spring days!
There a nameless hill has Veils
Of soft morning haze
Here, the translator is so honest that he keeps even the number of syllables the same as in the original: 5-7-5, with the first and third lines rhyming together to convey to the English reader a true impression of what haiku looks like.

Gesture and speech are co-expressive and complementary channels of a single human language system. While speech carries the major load of symbolic presentation, gesture provides the imagistic content. Thus, a gesture is a form of non-verbal communication made with a part of the body, used instead of or in combination with verbal communication. The language of gesture is rich in such a way for individuals as to express a variety of feelings and thoughts, from contempt and hostility to approval and affection. Most people use gestures in addition to words when they speak, some ethnic groups and languages use them more than others do, and the amount of such gesturing that is considered culturally acceptable varies from one location to another. As the global village continues to shrink and cultures collide, it is essential for all of us to become more sensitive, more aware, and more observant of the myriad motion and gestures that surround us each day. And as many of us cross over cultural borders, it would be fitting for us to respect, learn and understand more about the effective, yet powerful "silent language" of gestures.

To translate the Holy Books is not an easy task. The glorious Quran, for example, utilises a rhetoric style that indicates a meaning(s) that might not correspond to what is expressed formally. To put it differently, the form is something and the function or meaning is something else. An example of this case in the glorious Qurān is the imperative mood. The verb in Arabic may be in the form of imperative which, supposedly, entails obligation. However, its function is permission. There are many examples that will be tackled in the following papers.
Imperative mood in the Quran is one of the most important aspects of sacred literature whose semantics and overtones have long occupied the interest of the Arab grammarians. Similarly, no less interest has been paid by exegetes and rhetoricians since the early days of the Islam. This interest has been mainly due to the paramount significance of the Qurān itself and its place in the Muslim world.
This paper tries to study the imperative mood generally in Arabic and specifically in the Glorious Qurān. The researcher will try to examine all aspects related to the imperative mood with their translations from Arabic into English.
The problems tackled in this study are related to the way whereby the meanings of the verses containing the imperative verb are rendered into English. Unawareness on the part of the translator of the function of the imperative verb may lead to inappropriate understanding of the verse which consequently leads to inaccurate translation that needs to be solved satisfactorily.
The present paper aims at (1) showing the way whereby the meanings of the verses containing the imperative mood are rendered into English,(2) specifying the method of translation of this mood, (3) pointing out some problems that may arise from translating these types,(4) proposing some remedies that coincide with the religious interpretation adopted.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned aims, the study hypothesizes that the difficulty of translating the imperative mood into English arises from the fact that there is no one to one correspondence between the form and function of the imperative mood in the Qurān. To put it more precisely, misunderstanding the real function of the imperative verb leads to inaccurate translation. Consequently there will be confusion between what is obligatory duty and what is recommendable or reprehensive from the juristic perspective.

Nature did not have a distinct presence in literature until the eighteenth century, when it began to lead literary works, and thus the concept of nature developed throughout the history of literature. Although there are differences between the two poets, there are similarities that actually exist between them, and although Baudelaire is a poet who belongs to the symbolic school, he is not without a romantic influence, as is the case for the British poet Wordsworth - that even if he belongs to the romantic school - he is not without influence symbolic. Accordingly, the research deals with romantic elements in Baudelaire poetry as well as symbolic elements in Wordsworth poetry. Among the other ideas that the research deals with is the relationship between man and nature on the one hand, and nature and artistic work on the other hand, studying the relationship of nature with civilization, and finally dealing with nature as a critical concept that has become a textual space or - in fact - a textual horizon of writing.

During the three decades following the Second World War, Jean-Paul Sartre remained the focus of attention of the majority of Arab intellectuals. They have always expressed their admiration for his ideas, writings, and committed stances towards the issues of his time, and it was for the concepts he presented in his literary and philosophical works, especially those related to the freedom of the individual and the responsibility of the intellectual towards what surrounds Its circumstances, and a great impact in the Arab intellectual circles. In France, Sartre practically embodied the principle of the committed intellectual by participating in an unlimited number of demonstrations and seminars against injustice and social abuse, publishing hundreds of articles and comments in favor of freedom and justice, and sought to establish a third ideology that stands in contrast to capitalism and Marxism. He also attacked the Gaullist ideology with all boldness and stood by the French youth movement during the events of May 1968. On the global level, Sartre supported the peoples seeking to get rid of colonial domination, as he supported the struggle of the Algerian people to gain independence from France, and because of this position he presented to various Types of criticism. On the other hand, he strongly opposed the war in Indochina, defended the rights of blacks in the United States and criticized its imperialist policy around the world, and during the Korean War expressed his support for Communist thought as a solution to the problems of the working class, and he strongly supported the Cuban Revolution in 1961 and condemned the Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia in 1968. In the face of these bold stances at the French and international levels, Arab intellectuals had great hope for the emergence of a clear and fair reaction by Sartre towards the issue of the Arab-Israeli conflict, but none of this happened at all, even in the most aggressive positions of Israel, As it happened during the 1967 war, when its army invaded the neutral West Bank and the Gaza Strip and displaced hundreds of thousands of Palestinians. Sartre’s response was weak and adhered to his support for the Hebrew state and refused to offer any direct criticism of it, and it continued in this manner until the last days of his life! In this research, we will try to shed light on the social and value aspects that established Sartre's thought that dealt with the principle of double standards regarding the tragedy of the Palestinian people resulting from the establishment of the State of Israel on their land. And if the Palestinian thinker Edward Said confirmed before his death that he never knew whether the reason for Sartre’s reluctance to make a bold position on the Palestinian issue was his fear that he would be accused of anti-Semitism, or if that stemmed from a feeling of guilt about the allegations of the Jewish Holocaust or for other intellectual reasons, then The data presented by the research provide evidence that Sartre’s position on the State of Israel is linked to a number of reasons that made this remarkable writer a tool in the hands of the French Jewish lobby.