Journal of University of Babylon

In this wok, a novel approach based on ordinary Petri net is used to generate private key . The reachability marking of petri net is used as encryption/decryption key to provide more complex key . The same ordinary Petri Nets models are used for the sender(encryption) and the receiver(decryption).The plaintext has been permutated using look-up table ,and XOR-ed with key to generate cipher text

After lung cancer, breast cancer is the second cause of death among women. Due to the seriousness of the disease, research has stepped up to help diagnose this disease by providing medical personnel with a classification based computer systems that determine whether the patient is infected. This research focuses on the use method (K-means) for the diagnosis of breast cancer based on a global database known as (WBCD) dedicated to this purpose. The proposed method has proved its effectiveness in classification and the accuracy of the system is equal to 96.4861%.

Energy in Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs) represents an essential factor in designing, controlling and operating the sensor networks. Minimizing the consumed energy in WSNs application is a crucial issue for the network effectiveness and efficiency in terms of lifetime, cost and operation. Number of algorithms and protocols were proposed and implemented to decrease the energy consumption. WSNs operate with battery powered sensors. Sensors batteries have not easily rechargeable even though having restricted power. Frequently the network failure occurs due to the sensors energy insufficiency.
MAC protocols in WSNs achieved low duty-cycle by employing periodic sleep and wakeup. Predictive Wakeup MAC (PW-MAC) protocol was made use of the asynchronous duty cycling. It reduces the consumption of the node energy by allowing the senders to predict the receiver′s wakeup times.
The WSN must be applied in an efficient manner to utilize the sensor nodes and their energy to ensure efficient network throughput. Prediction of the WSN lifetime previously to its installation represents a significant concern. To ensure energy efficiency the sensors duty cycles must be adjusted appropriately to meet the network traffic demands. The energy consumed in each node due to its switching between the active and the idle states were also estimated. The sensors are assumed to be randomly deployed.
This paper aims to improve the randomly deployed network lifetime by scheduling the effects of transmission, reception and sleep states on the sensor node energy consumption. Results for these states with many performance metrics were also studied and discussed.

Cloud computing is distributed architecture, providing computing facilities and storage resource as a service over the internet. This low-cost service fulfills the basic requirements of users. Because of the open nature and services introduced by cloud computing intruders impersonate legitimate users and misuse cloud resource and services. To detect intruders and suspicious activities in and around the cloud computing environment, intrusion detection system used to discover the illegitimate users and suspicious action by monitors different user activities on the network .this work proposed based back propagation artificial neural network to construct t network intrusion detection in the cloud environment. The proposed module evaluated with kdd99 dataset the experimental results shows promising approach to detect attack with high detection rate and low false alarm rate.

In this chapter, we focus on the shape preserving approximation using rational polynomials, for rational in 〖 L〗_(p )_spaces, p<1. In our work, we solve a problem raised by R. DeVore in several lectures for many years ago. It mean we discuss the order of monotone rational approximation for function in L_p, spaces for p<1.

This paper deals with a new distribution called double weighted Lomax distribution and the statistical properties of this model, such as , mode , moments are studied. As well as studying the maximum likelihood estimators of this distribution

This paper is concerning with essential degree of approximation using regular neural networks and how a multivariate function in L_p (K) spaces for p<1 can be approximated using a forward regular neural network. So, we can have the essential approximation ability of a multivariate function in L_p (K) spaces for p<1 using regular FFN.

"In this paper Rayleigh Pareto distribution have introduced denote by( R_PD). We stated some useful functions. Therefor we give some of its properties like the entropy function, mean, mode, median , variance , the r-th moment about the mean, the rth moment about the origin, reliability, hazard functions, coefficients of variation, of sekeness and of kurtosis. Finally, we estimate the parameters so the aim of this search is to introduce a new distribution.

Let be two disconnecting arc and be a continuous map . Suppose has a fixed point and a periodic point of period n for some odd integer .Then for every integer , has a periodic point of period . If have periodic points of period and where are odd integer numbers , then the set of periodic points are infinite . Finally , if the set of periodic points is finite , then there are two integers and with and such that the set of period is .

In this paper we prove that any real function in L_P (C) defined on a compact and convex subset of R^dcan be approximated by a sigmoidal neural network with one hidden layer , that we call nearly exponential.

In this study provided all molecular markers of Random amplified polymorphic (RAPD) successfully with the sixty five Iraqi date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars, which collected from Hilla city in Iraq, to determine fingerprinting, polymorphic value, and relationships among varieties of date palm cultivars, and also with the same type of cultivars. Data analysis of ten RAPD has been revealed. Number of amplified DNA fragments were (592) bands, polymorphism per all primers were (%64.2), primer efficiency was 0.1, and discriminatory value was (%0.09), which revealed a high percentage similarity about %67 to %100 between cultivars belong to the same variety. There are relationships with twenty four genotypes, divided in to two clusters, clusterΙ ranged distance from 0.74 to 1.30 represented(Maddany, Ashrasi, Greatli, Smeasmi and sukkary) and clusterII ranged distance from 0.25 to 0.60 which divided into three sub group, there are sub group I represented (Sultana, Khestawi, Breem, Sabb Drrah, Hamrawi, Brban, and Khadrawi), sub groupiesII represented (Zahdi, Tebarzal, Maktom, brahi, Chipchab and Fom Alrman), sub groupies III represented (Usta Umran, Nersi, Najdi, Guntar, Shwethi and Ghanami Ahmer).

Chemerin may play a role in connecting inflammation and metabolic syndrome(MS), C-reactive protein(CRP) level is markedly rising during infectious and inflammatory diseases . The aimed of this study to evaluate both C- reactive protein (CRP) and Chemerin as subclinical markers in diabetic patients women. A total of 90 women, including, 24 healthy women (as control group), 66 women patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) (22diabetics with hypertension, 22 diabetics without hypertension and 22 hypertension only),there ages ranged between49-64 years. The result showed that significant increase (p≤0.05) in mean chemerin level in the diabetes group (8.766 ±0.648 ng/ml) in comparison with control group( 4.042±0.320 ng/ml). Also, the result, revealed that significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of chemerin in women suffering from hypertension and diabetes (14.108 ± 0.577 ng/ml) in comparison to the women suffering from diabetic only which reached (8.766 ± 0.648 ng/ml). The data pointed out that the serum CRP level significant increase in T2DM group (6.176±0.1905) compared with control group (2.20±0.15 ng/ml) . Also, the result revealed that significant increase (P<0.05) of the CRP level with hypertension women patients (4.45 ± 0.131ng/ml) compared with the control group( 2.20±0.15 ng/ml) and significant increase(P<0.05) in diabetic with hypertension women group patients comparison with the women suffering from diabetic only. The chemerin and C-RP in hypertensive and normotensive patients with T2DM may be play an important role in activation of Immune Response in these patients .

In this article we focus on the behaviors of the generalised counting function of primes 〖 Π〗_P(x) and the counting function of integers N_P(x) as well as the link between them as x ⟶ ∞ . Here the Riemann zeta function ζ_P(s) ( = ∑_n▒n^(-s) , R(s) > 1 ) play an important role as a link between 〖 Π〗_P(x) and N_P(x) . This work will go through the method ( not in details ) adapted by Balanzario [Balanzario , 1998] and later generalised by AL- Maamori [AL- Maamori , 2013 ] . Finally we shall draw a diagram in order to determine the relation between α and β , (where α and β are the power of the error terms H1(x) , H2(x) of 〖 Π〗_P(x) and N_P(x) respectively) . The aim of this work is to analysis the behaviour of 〖 Π〗_P(x) and N_P(x) as x ⟶ ∞ .
Note that : ʺ It’s a beneficial to point out that our effort in this paper is not to exchange the values of some functions of Balanzarioʹs method . Since , changing any small value of one of the functions of Balanzarioʹs method may be leads to loss the aim of the work ʺ . Therefore , in this article we show the ability of changing the values of some functions and in which places in the proof we should sort out .

Background: matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP7), its primary role is to break down extracellular matrix including casein, type I, II, IV, and V gelatins, fibronectin, and proteoglycan. The upregulation of MMP7 is associated with many malignant tumors. Vimentin (Vim) plays an important role in malignant tumors with regard to cellular adhesion, migration and signaling. In our current study, we have attempted to evaluate the expression of MMP7 and Vim as markers for aggressive biological behavior of AdCC. Materials and Methods: Nineteen formalin fixed paraffin embedded blocks of AdCC were collected retrospectively were included in this study. An immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed using anti MMP7 and anti Vim monoclonal antibodies. Results: MMP7 showed significant relation with larger size tumor (P=0.003), higher grade (P=0.006). The Vim was significantly correlated with minor salivary gland (P=0.041), larger size tumor (P=0.021), high grade (P=0.040). Both markers revealed highly significant correlation with advanced stage (P<0.001), and positive lymph node (LN) (P<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between Vim and MMP7 (P=0.001).Conclusion: Both MMP7 and Vim are positively correlated with tumors of poor prognosis.

A PCR technique was used to detect fungi and bacteria in the blood of patients with inflammatory infection of genital system, three primer sets were used to detect E. Coli , Candida spp. and existence of other fungi The results showed infection by both microorganisms. All patients had bacteria in the blood stream while 30 % of them had a Candida spp. and the same percentage of other fungi species in blood

Amid the present century, there has been a reasonable increment in the expansive number of ladies who can't have youngsters with clear expanded in heftiness and Low rate of ripeness regardless of every single clinical trial of medicinal endeavors did not succeed to enhance this wonder. Thusly, the outline of this exploration was to inspect the relationship amongst weight and fruitfulness, and amongst heftiness and certain hormones and lipids then again, the outcomes demonstrated the accompanying that the LH hormone level is low regarding ordinary quality, while the level of prolactin, estradiol and testosterone are expanded. In the same time hostile to anti-mullerian hormone level is low contrasted and typical quality. The outcomes demonstrate there are positive relationships between oxidative anxiety compounds and ovary pimple disorder; and with body mass list, triglyceride and Waist circuit (WCF).

Silica nanoparticles are well-known to be one of the multifunctional inorganic compounds which are widely used in medical applications. The aim of this study is to prepare the particles of nano silica oxide with particle size ranging from 20-25  nm. In the present study, surface modification of Silica nanoparticles was performed, and influence of modification on the structure and morphological properties was investigated. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Silica nanoparticles with the average diameter of about 20 nm were modified with oleic acid, as coupling agents, in order to modify their surface properties and make them more waterproof dispersible in the organic area. Among the results is that the surface modification of the Silica nano-particles leads to more dispersion in the organic medium which indicates better organic synthesis. One of the results obtained, is that modified silica-nanoparticles can be used effectively in environmental and safety applications and can be used in future medical applications as wound stick that prevent water from reaching the wound and then prevent an inflamation

This research measuring the radioactive gas radon in samples of drinking water in the schools of Abu- Gharaq in Babylon Governorate Was chosen as the water from 14 schools by using the electronic radon detector RADH2O, where the highest value (0.688) Bq.L-1 and the lowest value (0.072) Bq.L-1 and effective dose for, human exposure to radon rate from (0.31536) mSv.y-1 to (3.01344 (mSv.y-1.This subject Has been chosen for the importance of water in human life and the lack of previous studies in the study area.

Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has various applications in clinical pathology. It has been found to be efficient in acceleration of wound healing, enhanced remodeling and bone repair, regeneration of neural cells following injury, pain attenuation, endorphin release stimulation and modulation of immune system. The possible intracellular sequence of events after treatment with LLLT, include induction of oxidative phosphorylation with increased enzymatic activity, increased expression of certain cytosolic enzymes and enhanced activity of intracellular organelles. A broad range of eukaryotic proteins require posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, glycosylation, or signal peptide cleavage to display full functional activity. Eukaryotic cell-free expression systems provide the possibility to synthesize eukaryotic proteins with posttranslational modifications and are especially useful for expression and analysis of human proteins with native structure and function. The stimulated mechanism involves protein- to-protein interaction, where two or more proteins bind together to facilitate molecular processes, including modification of proteins by members of small ubiquitin- related modifier proteins (SUMO) and also protein phosphorylation and tyrosination.
The consequence of laser application in treatment, can be seen as influencing the transmission of intracellular signals via an integrated and rapid modulation of ion channels, achieved through both direct action on photo-acceptors (such as cytochrome c-oxidase) and through indirect modulation via enzymes, including tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tyrosine kinases and tyrosine kinase receptors. This exogenous action then facilitates an existing photonic biomodulation mechanism with the body, and initiates ion channel modulation both in the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS).
Evidence indicates that the ion channel modulation functions predominately through the potassium channels, including two pore leak channels (K2P), which act as signal integrators from the periphery to the cortex.
Objectives and Results
Fifteen blood samples were collected from healthy adult volunteers, subjected to low level laser therapy (LLLT) with different wavelengths (650, 532 and 405) nm, plasma concentration of Ca++, Na+, K+ and Cl- were estimated after (30 min.) of incubation. The mean concentration of each ion before and after LLLT were as follows (Ca++: 8.67 vs. 8.93, 8.79, 8.82 mg/dl), (Na+: 147.4 vs. 146.73, 146.73, 146.13 mmol/L), (K+: 3.94 vs. 3.94, 3.78, 3.92 mmol/L) and (Cl-: 99.93 vs. 97.86, 102.73, 96.4 mmol/L). In the same manner, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was estimated, the mean value of which were as follows (30.07 vs. 18.45, 21.72, 17.29 sec.).

The control systems in the world move rapidly towards the small size, accuracy, speedup and cheap. One of the most famous platform system that used in the control is the Arduino board. in this paper the Arduino Uno board is used to control on the system that govern the position of the solar cell in order to get the maximum generated power by tracking automatically the position of the sun. In this Approach two axis sun Tracker System with two servo motor is used with solar cell and LCD to monitor the voltage that generates. The results show that the new system is more reliable and lower cost as compare with other system Based on Microcontroller and the voltage get from solar cell is approximately near to the designed maximum voltage for solar cell.

Theoretical study of the effect of methyl and hydroxyl subgroups on the electronic structure of biphenyl molecule was performed using DFT with B3LYP/6-31G(d, p)basis set. The optimized structures, total energies, energy gaps, electrochemical hardness, Fermi level, molecular symmetry, dipole moment, dipole polarizability and the infrared spectrum frequencies were calculated. The results showed that the total energy of the two groups of molecules is independent on the position of the subgroup in the molecule but depends only on the number of the added subgroups. On the other hand, the energy gap, Fermi level and the electrochemical hardness are varied with the position of the added subgroups

In this paper a single mode fiber have been chosen with a refractive index (1.50) to the core, and (1.485) to the cladding, with length of (2 m).
It was exposed this optical fiber to a bending with different diameters, and to a different temperatures as well as pressure due to putting different weights to study dispersion phenomenon which affects on a pulse shape that travels in optical fiber.
Experimental results explain when a bending diameter for an optical fiber increases it will decrease the dispersion and pulse shape will approximate from a Gaussian shape , and the increasing in temperature will increasing the attenuation in the pulse transfer through the optical fiber .
But when increasing pressure, the dispersion will increases and the pulse shape will be distorted.

Celiac disease is one of an autoimmune diseasein the world and genetically linked . This disease may be cause many problems for pregnant women and their children . Tthere are many markers specific for celiac disease like anti-tissue transglutaminase and anti-gliadin antibodies which associated with development of celiac disease.In this study, we wished to determine whether there are relationship between celiac disease and fertility , effect on newborn and to identify the possible implications of these factors to disease course.Thirty female patients with a celiac disease with ages ranged between (15- 46) years were taken from (Al-Hussein Medical City/Kerbala).Control group consisted of 20 healthy people who were free from signs and symptoms of celiac disease who matched in age and gender with patients, and had no history for any celiac disease problem. TTG IgA & IgG ,AGA EASIA Kit, Generic assay ) and was studied using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. T-test and ANOVA and Pearson correlation used to analyze results by using SPSS version 24. P-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.TTG and AGA levels were increased significantly (p< 0.05) in patients compared with the control group .TTG and AGA levels were increased significantly (p< 0.05) in patients compared with the control group. Also, there were significant abnormality and complication when compared with control groups. So there was significant correlation between celiac disease and infertility and there is some effect on baby of women with celiac disease.

Objective: to study the role of corrugate drain (which is used by some urosurgeons) followed surgical correction of fractured penis in decreasing post operative complications such as penile swelling, pain and curvature.
Patient and method: comparative cross sectional study was carried out at the urological department of Al-Hilla teaching hospital from March 2008 to April 2011.
Twenty male patients (age between 21-40 years) admitted to the urological department in Al-Hila teaching hospital suffering from penile fracture from March 2008 to April 2011 were included in this study.
Immediate surgical repair done to all those patients ,corrugate drain put post operatively for 10 patients while the remaining 10 patients without drains.
All patients are fallowed for at least 3 months regarding postoperative penile swelling, deformity, pain and sexual function.
Result: regarding age distribution of patients suffering from fracture penis, from twenty patients included in this study 11 patients their age range from (20-30)years, 7 patients their age group range from (31-45)years and only 2 patients their age range from (46-60)years. Fifteen patients are married and only 5 patients are unmarried. No one develop postoperative penile swelling in patients with corrugate drain and only one patient develops swelling in patients without corrugate drain. Regarding postoperative pain, in patients surgically corrected with drain, 6 patients develop pain and only 2 patients surgically corrected without drain develops pain.
Conclusion: No beneficial effect of corrugate drain in decreasing postoperative penile swelling or curvature and on the other hand it increase post operative penile pain.

A chronic anal fissure is a common painful perianal condition. The main operative procedure to treat this painful condition is a lateral internal sphincteretomy (LIS).The aim of study is to compare the outcome and complications of closed LIS up to the dentate line (whole length of internal sphincter) or up to the fissure apex (partial length of internal sphincter) in the treatment of anal fissure. It is a prospective comparative study including 100 patients with chronic fissure in ano. All patients assigned to undergo closed LIS. Those patients were randomly divided into two groups: 50 patients underwent LIS to the level of dentate line (whole length) and other 50 patients underwent LIS to the level of fissure apex (partial length). Patients were followed up weekly in the 1st month, twice monthly in the second month then monthly for next 2 months and finally after 1 year. There was satisfactory relief of pain in all patients in both groups & complete healing of the fissure occurred. Regarding post operative incontinence no major degree of incontinence occur in both group but minor degree of incontinence persists In 7 patients after whole length LIS after one year. In conclusion, both whole length & partial length LIS associated with improvement of pain, good chance of healing but whole length LIS associated with more chance of long term flatus incontinence. Hence, we recommend partial length LIS as treatment for chronic anal fissure.

Aim of study: the study aim to comparing the rate of cardiogenic shock and mortality rate between patient with RV infarction and inferior MI and the patient with inferior MI alone.
Patient and method: Across sectional study conducted in coronary care unit in merjan medical city at time from the first of March 2014 to the 30th of September 2014 for patient with inferior MI. patients were divided to two group, the first group for patients with inferior MI and RV infarction and the second group for patients with inferior MI alone. The both groups were monitor in the hospital for any complications that can take place in the hospital stay.
Result: A total of 80 patient were enrolled in the study and divided to two groups, the first group (26 patients) for patients with inferior MI and RV infarction and the second group (54 patients) for patients with inferior MI alone, both group had the same baseline characteristic. The mean age was 59.30 ± 7.56 for first group and it was 55.03 ± 5.18 for second group, male patients were 17 (65.4%) and 33 (61.1%) in the first and second group respectively. The in hospital mortality was 4 (15.4%) and 1(1.9%) in the first and second group respectively and the P value was 0.036 (significant).The risk of cardiogenic shock was 7 (26.9%) and 5 (5.6%) for first and second group respectively with P value 0.011 (significant).
Conclusion:
1- The patients with RV infarction and inferior MI expose to higher rate of cardiogenic shock than the patients with inferior MI alone during the time of his hospital stay.
2- The patient with RV infarction and inferior MI had higher in hospital mortality rate when compared with patient with inferior MI alone.

Aim of study: the study aim to comparing the rate of cardiogenic shock and mortality rate between patient with RV infarction and inferior MI and the patient with inferior MI alone.
Patient and method: Across sectional study conducted in coronary care unit in merjan medical city at time from the first of March 2014 to the 30th of September 2014 for patient with inferior MI. patients were divided to two group, the first group for patients with inferior MI and RV infarction and the second group for patients with inferior MI alone. The both groups were monitor in the hospital for any complications that can take place in the hospital stay.
Result: A total of 80 patient were enrolled in the study and divided to two groups, the first group (26 patients) for patients with inferior MI and RV infarction and the second group (54 patients) for patients with inferior MI alone, both group had the same baseline characteristic. The mean age was 59.30 ± 7.56 for first group and it was 55.03 ± 5.18 for second group, male patients were 17 (65.4%) and 33 (61.1%) in the first and second group respectively. The in hospital mortality was 4 (15.4%) and 1(1.9%) in the first and second group respectively and the P value was 0.036 (significant).The risk of cardiogenic shock was 7 (26.9%) and 5 (5.6%) for first and second group respectively with P value 0.011 (significant).
Conclusion:
1- The patients with RV infarction and inferior MI expose to higher rate of cardiogenic shock than the patients with inferior MI alone during the time of his hospital stay.
2- The patient with RV infarction and inferior MI had higher in hospital mortality rate when compared with patient with inferior MI alone.

prostatic cancer is a malignant neoplasm characterized by elevated level 7-8 folds in both mRNA and protein levels during tumorigenesis of the prostate. Also, HER2/neu expression could be detected in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) ,It affects androgen receptor function and the progression of prostatic cancer and the determination of Association between HER2/neu and α-methylacyl coemzyme A racemase (AMACR) overexpressions in prostatic cancer as prognostic factors. This study included 50 patients aged from 50- < 70 years and 10 healthy men as control group matched with patient group ages. Then, paraffin-embedding procedure was prepared on tissues biopsy and then, hematoxylin and eosin staining (H. and E. staining) procedure was done . Finally, immunohistochemical procedure is done on both control cases and prostate cancer blocks. This immunohistochemical procedure detects her2/neu and AMACR overexpression according to DAKO protocol scoring system. The study showed that there is no significant difference in ages (P >0.05) between prostatic cancer patient and control group (68.46±6.26 years , 62.79±8.68 years) respectively and the prostatic cancer is more prevalence in ages >69 years old which represent 56% of cases.
Also, the overexpression of AMACR represent weak positive (46%), moderate positive (34%), strong (20%) overexpressions. While, the overexpression of HER2/neu gives weak positive (60%), strong positive (40%) and the death occurred to 50% of prostatic cancer patient that have strong positive HER2/neu overexpression. Those whose ages are more than 69 years old who have liability for prostatic cancer . Immunohistochemical overexpressions of α-methylacyl coemzyme A racemase enzyme and HER2/neu have prognostic marker for prostatic cancer

Blalock-Taussig Shunt provides palliation for patients with cyanotic congenital heart diseases, where an intracardiac shunting from right-to-left with inadequate pulmonary blood flow. From June (1993) to June (2015), a retrospective study was conducted on 29 patients with complex congenital cyanotic heart diseases.They underwent Blalock-Taussig Shunt at Ibn Albitar Hospital for Cardiac Surgery. Both classical (n=4) and modified Blalock-Taussig Shunts (n=25) were done. The underlying cyanotic congenital heart diseases included tetraology of fallot (n=14), transposition of great arteries (n=6), tricusp atrasia (n=3), double outlet ventricle (n=5) and pulmonary stenosis with atrial septal defect (n=1). The age of patients at the operation ranged between 2 weeks to 13 years with a mean age of 49 ± 59, and the patients' weight ranged between 3-30 Kg with a mean weight of 11.3 ± 7.5.All shunts were performed through left or right lateral thoracotomy via fourth intercostal space. In modified Blalock-Taussig Shunts, different sizes of PTFE vascular grafts ranged between 3 to 8 mm were used . Echocardiographic studies were performed for all patients, but cardiac catheterizations were less frequently used. Shunt patency and length of satisfactory palliation for all patients were determined by different criteria. The overall mortalities were 12 patients. The majority of their deaths was related to shunt failure. Early deaths were recorded for 7 patients, 5 of them were related to shunt failure, and other 2 deaths are irrelative to shunt failure. Late deaths were 5 shunts. The overall shunt failures were 12 shunts. Most of shunt failures occurred in patients with main pulmonary artery size 6mm using graft size 6mm in modified Blalock-Taussig Shunt. In conclusions, Blalock-Taussig Shunt is good palliation for cyanotic congenital heart diseases.

prostatic cancer is a malignant neoplasm characterized by elevated level 7-8 folds in both mRNA and protein levels during tumorigenesis of the prostate. Also, HER2/neu expression could be detected in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) ,It affects androgen receptor function and the progression of prostatic cancer and the determination of Association between HER2/neu and α-methylacyl coemzyme A racemase (AMACR) overexpressions in prostatic cancer as prognostic factors. This study included 50 patients aged from 50- < 70 years and 10 healthy men as control group matched with patient group ages. Then, paraffin-embedding procedure was prepared on tissues biopsy and then, hematoxylin and eosin staining (H. and E. staining) procedure was done . Finally, immunohistochemical procedure is done on both control cases and prostate cancer blocks. This immunohistochemical procedure detects her2/neu and AMACR overexpression according to DAKO protocol scoring system. The study showed that there is no significant difference in ages (P >0.05) between prostatic cancer patient and control group (68.46±6.26 years , 62.79±8.68 years) respectively and the prostatic cancer is more prevalence in ages >69 years old which represent 56% of cases.
Also, the overexpression of AMACR represent weak positive (46%), moderate positive (34%), strong (20%) overexpressions. While, the overexpression of HER2/neu gives weak positive (60%), strong positive (40%) and the death occurred to 50% of prostatic cancer patient that have strong positive HER2/neu overexpression. Those whose ages are more than 69 years old who have liability for prostatic cancer . Immunohistochemical overexpressions of α-methylacyl coemzyme A racemase enzyme and HER2/neu have prognostic marker for prostatic cancer

Background & objectives: Examination of the respiratory system by pulmonary function tests has been evolved as clinical tool in diagnosis, management and following up of respiratory diseases because it provides objective information about the state of an individual’s respiratory system. The present study aimed at evaluating pulmonary function among the smokers students of medical college of Babylon University and to compare their data with that of non-smokers students.
Methods: A total of 80 (45 smokers students and 35 healthy young subjects) were randomly sampled for the study from the medical college of the Babylon University. The study population (20-25 year age group) had similar socioeconomic background. Each subject filled up the questionnaire to record their personal demographic data, health status. Subjects with any history of pulmonary diseases were excluded from the study.
Results: The study showed significant differences between smoker and non-smoker groups regarding forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and body mass index (BMI) (P ≤ 0.05), few of students had changes in respiratory function (mild obstruction), there was also significant relation between FEV1 and pack year, the students were not heavy smokers, no female student was found to be smoker.
Conclusions: From the present study it can be concluded that the students in all groups have normal range of pulmonary function, most of the students smoke few number of cigarettes, and the smoking had considerable effect on lung function.

Background :Jejunoileal atresia and stenosis are the most common congenital anomalies of the small intestine and are a major cause of intestinal obstruction in neonates. Late intrauterine mesenteric vascular occlusions is the most accepted hypothesis as an etiology of jejunoilealatresia .
Objective :To describe the mortality rate of 64 patients with intestinal atresia between October 2010 and September 2012 and submitting initial scoring system of 50 points based on the estimated risk scores and P.value of each risk factors.
Methods :A prospective study of mortality rate in jejunoileal atresia according to the patients' parameters (prenatal diagnosis, prematurity , birth weight , age and severity of presentation , associated anomalies ,anatomic location and type of atresias,surgical techniques, early postoperative complications and re-interventions) .
Results :There were 64patients with jejunoileal atresia (35 male). Prenatal diagnosis was established in 5 patients (8%). The mean birth weight was 2.6 kg and higher mortality rate with lower birth weight. The mean gestational age was 37 weeks and 20% of the patients were premature. Thirty seven patients were presented to medical services in the first three days of life with lowest mortality rate, patients who were presented later had rate of death of 27%-60%. Sepsis and/or pneumonia were found in (22%) of patients clinically diagnosed with mortality rate (43%). Seventeen patients (26.5%) had different associated anomalies with related mortality of (53%). The highest mortality was related to high jejunal atresia (50% ). Apple-peel & multiple atresias variants of jejunoileal atresia had the highest rates of mortality, 75% &43% respectively. The mortality rate of the 40 patients with end to obligue anastomosis with plication of proximal atretic dilated segment was 12.5%, while it was 58 % to that without plication of proximal atretic dilated segment. Nineteen patients (29.5%) were presented with early postoperative complications. Anastomotic complications (leak & non–functioning anastomosis ) & short bowel syndrome were the major contributor to the related mortality rate (58%) .A surgical re-exploration was done in nine patients with high mortality rate (55.5%).The overall mortality was 16/64 patients (25%).Estimated risk scores and P.values for each factors were obtained. Scoring system of 50 points was developed according to these above values .
Conclusion: The overall mortality rate in the current study was 25%. The higher mortality rate was associated with those who had major risk factors compared to the lowest mortality rate of those with minor or no risk factors. According to estimated risk scores and P.values, cumulative scoring system was submitted .
Late presentation,late diagnosis, absence of well trained neonatal intensive care personnel and unavailability parenteral nutritional support were the major problems that contributed to this high death rate .

Background: Bronchial asthma can cause many morbidities such as heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, but the impact of asthma on renal function is not yet verified. This study aims to clarify the association between bronchial asthma and the risk of developing renal dysfunction.
Methods: The study was conducted in Merjan Medical City in the period from November 2014 to May 2015, it included 75 patients with acute exacerbation of asthma and 70 control healthy subjects who completed medical questionnaires, pulmonary function tests, measurement of blood urea and serum creatinine, in addition to measurement of oxygen saturation (SPO2) by oximeter. Hypoxic patient has level of SPO2 less than 95%. Statistical analysis was done, P values ≤0.05 were considered to be clinically significant.
Results: There was no significant difference in mean age and gender between both groups. There was significant difference in the mean values of blood urea (Bur) and serum creatinine (Scr) before and after treatment for all patients, Bur increased and Scr decreased significantly in hypoxic group in comparison with non-hypoxic group (P ˂ 0.05). In addition, the study showed a significant correlation between blood urea and SPO2 (before treatment) (p < 0.05), while non-significant negative correlation between serum creatinine and SPO2 (before treatment) (r = 0.1, P > 0.05). The results revealed that the Bur and Scr increased significantly in male group in comparison to female group (P˂0.05). Also there was no significant correlation between blood urea and serum creatinine with forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) (before treatment) (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: The study showed high percentage of asthmatic patients admitting in the hospital wards had abnormalities of renal function tests at the first days of admission to hospital, but most patients return to normal state gradually after getting treatment. The mechanisms and clinical implications of kidney dysfunction in patients with asthma need further investigation in addition to follow up for those patients to determine who of them will get chronic renal failure at future.

Background: Bronchial asthma can cause many morbidities such as heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension, but the impact of asthma on renal function is not yet verified. This study aims to clarify the association between bronchial asthma and the risk of developing renal dysfunction.
Methods: The study was conducted in Merjan Medical City in the period from November 2014 to May 2015, it included 75 patients with acute exacerbation of asthma and 70 control healthy subjects who completed medical questionnaires, pulmonary function tests, measurement of blood urea and serum creatinine, in addition to measurement of oxygen saturation (SPO2) by oximeter. Hypoxic patient has level of SPO2 less than 95%. Statistical analysis was done, P values ≤0.05 were considered to be clinically significant.
Results: There was no significant difference in mean age and gender between both groups. There was significant difference in the mean values of blood urea (Bur) and serum creatinine (Scr) before and after treatment for all patients, Bur increased and Scr decreased significantly in hypoxic group in comparison with non-hypoxic group (P ˂ 0.05). In addition, the study showed a significant correlation between blood urea and SPO2 (before treatment) (p < 0.05), while non-significant negative correlation between serum creatinine and SPO2 (before treatment) (r = 0.1, P > 0.05). The results revealed that the Bur and Scr increased significantly in male group in comparison to female group (P˂0.05). Also there was no significant correlation between blood urea and serum creatinine with forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) (before treatment) (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: The study showed high percentage of asthmatic patients admitting in the hospital wards had abnormalities of renal function tests at the first days of admission to hospital, but most patients return to normal state gradually after getting treatment. The mechanisms and clinical implications of kidney dysfunction in patients with asthma need further investigation in addition to follow up for those patients to determine who of them will get chronic renal failure at future.

In this paper we study singularly perturbed with initial problem of the system with two linear ordinary differential equations, each of which contains small parameter in its derivative and quadratic the same small parameter in one of them. A uniform asymptotic expansion is constructed on a time interval solution of the problem. obtained formulas for the terms of internal expansion, they allow us to find them only through algebraic operations, finally we give examples which related with our subject

During the period from November 2015 till the end of March 2016, a total of 218 fish specimens belonging to Planiliza abu from Euphrates River at Al-Hilla city and the Babil drainage network Babylon province were inspected for parasites at Laboratory at the Al-Musaib Technical College. Two Vorticella were recorded for the first time in Iraq from skin and gills of P. abu. These were: Vorticella globularia Müller, 1773 and Vorticella costata (Sommer, 1951). The description and measurement of this parasite as well as their measurements were given.