Journal of the College of Education for Women

This study is an objective literary study of the poems of Abu Dhu'ayb Al-Hudhali and Su'da Bint Al-Shamrdal. It aims to shed light on the philosophy of death in the poems, and the way this philosophy is treated by both poets. Thus, the main prominent poetic images have been addressed and the outstanding ones have been singled out. The study further investigates the intertextuality with other poetic verses and Quranic verses and reviews the deviation in their semantic, syntactic, and phonetic types. The study adopts the historical approach to examine the occasion of the poems by referring to several historical sources that indicate the seniority. It also adopts the and descriptive-analytical approach represented by the use of content analysis to investigate the most prominent themes and literary features. The study has concluded that Abu Dhu'ayb’s creativity in drawing literary images is due to being one of the - "Hudhalis" - those who follow the approach of drawing literary images. The poems were overflowing with sincere feelings. However, Su'da’s feelings were clearer, as the literary vocabularies and images played a major role in adding a sense of sadness and affliction. Moreover, the study has concluded that Su'da's poem is the earlier, as it did not witnessed Islam as is the case with Abu Dhu'ayb who contemprorarized the wise kalihs.

The Battle of Kadesh is replete with many military arrangements that reflect the tremendous development of war preparations in the thirteenth century BC; where the expressive pictures the Egyptians left on some of the walls of their temples show the tremendous ability to organize and divide the forces and the great development that affected the war machine. Furthermore, the text accompanied these pictures reveal some news about that battle, which is considered one of the most important wars in the ancient world. Thus, the importance of the study lies in the fact that it examines one of the most important battles of the ancient Near East, the results of which had great repercussions on the region. This is because it is the most abundant Bronze Age battle with regard to the sources from the Egyptian side, in contrast to the scarcity of the Hittite sources related to the battle. Accordingly, the research problem lies in the scarcity and oldness of the recital sources related to the events of the Battle of Kadesh where the available ones date back to periods following the battle. Besides, a large of number of these sources are Egyptian; in addition to the absence of impartial sources. Thus, it is very difficult to verify the arrangements made by the two sides and to ensure that victory claimed by both sides. The research aims thus to shed light on the military arrangements for that conflict that took place between the Egyptians and the Hittites at Kadesh, which ended with a peace treaty in 1270 BC to overcome the lack of Hittite sources. It also highlights the victory claims. Such a research helps to add a new reading on the reality of the conflict area after the war in order to come up with real and realistic results of the battle. Accordingly, the researcher relied on a historical, descriptive and analytical approach when recalling the events of the battle and describing the scenes to obtain the desired result. The research has come out with several conclusions related to the development of military thought with respect to managing wars and restoring the balance of power in the ancient Near East.

The Egyptian labor movement is the oldest trade union movement in the Arab region. Beside, the labor movement in any society is, in fact, only a reflection of the extent of awareness of that class in that society. Such a comparison is based on the degree of social growth the working class has reached. Moreover, the Egyptian working class was characterized by modernity in its inception compared to other social forces and classes. In addition, its development is linked to the level of industrial development of the country. The peasants and craftsmen were the mainstay of production in the Egyptian society over several centuries. The labor union movement also represents the human aspect of the labor force when it encounters and interacts with other social, economic and political forces, meaning that trade unions are the human and popular aspect of economic and political history. Based on the foregoing, the research aims to highlight the main problems and obstacles that faced the labor movement, which was represented by the governmental and party authority with the British colonialism. Based on this, the paper aims to examine the role of labor movement during the Second World War and how it worked to save workers from the economic exploitation and enabled them to obtain their legitimate rights and stand before the capitalists who owned capital. In addition, the Second World War was considered for the working class a psychological school for vocational training and an intellectual school for understanding new principles that the colonialists were working to spread among the Egyptian people during the war period. Accordingly, the researchers adopted the descriptive historical approach scientifically to maintain later the analytical approach. In the light of that, a set of conclusions has reached, such as: The struggle movement of the labor movement is not limited to the workers’ specific demands, but rather extends to struggle for the cause of the homeland (the cause of independence and national liberation).

The study aims to set an image to the mechanisms of the skills of the 21st century in the educational competencies of the basic education stage. To achieve this aim, a qualitative research design has been adopted in its analytical content analysis way. The study has arrived to the following conclusions: the availability of: the communicative and team work skills with a percentage of 25.9%, linguistic competency with a percentage of 24.6%, the skills of local and global citizenship, creativity, and problem solving with a percentage of 13.6%, critical thinking with a percentage of 10.38%, technological culture with a percentage of 5.8%, pioneerism and initiativeness with a percentage of 10.38%, technological culture with a percentage of 3.8%, leadership and decision making with a percentage of 1.9%, the competencies of mathematics, which is mostly full of skills- with a percentage of 37.5%%, Arabic language with 32.3%, English language with 13.5%, and science with 16.5%. As for the competencies attached to the third circle, they are considered highly full of skills with a percentage of 38.35, followed by the first circle with a percentage of 31.8%, and finally come the competencies attached to the second circle with a percentage of 29.8%. Based on these results, the research has set qualitative and quantitative mechanisms to include the skills of the 21st century regarding the educational competencies. It has further recommended checking the main and subsidiary educational competencies of the other subjects and the competencies of the secondary education to maintain including all the skills of the 21st century.

The current research aims to recognize the exploratory and confirmatory factorial structure of the test-wiseness scale on a sample of Hama University students, using the descriptive method. Thus, the sample consists of (472) male and female students from the faculties of the University of Hama. Besides, Abu Hashem’s 50 item test-wiseness scale (2008) has been used. The validity and reliability of the items of the scale have also been verified, and six items have been deleted accordingly. The results of the exploratory factor analysis of the first degree have shown the presence of the following five acceptable factors: (exam preparation, test time management, question paper handling, answer sheet handling, and revision). Moreover, (63.391%) of the overall variance has been explained. By conducting the second degree of the factorial analysis of the five factors, it has been shown that there is one main factor that is acceptable. Its eigenvalues are (2.821). In addition, (56.429%) of the overall variation has been illustrated and identified as a factor (test-wiseness). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis have also revealed that there is a congruence between the supposed model and the realistic model, and that the 44 item test-wiseness scale in its modified Syrian form is characterized by its high indicators of validity (content validity, structural validity, discriminative validity) and reliability (split half, internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient).

The research deals with a very important issue that affects women, an important segment of the society. This is because women are the basis of the family and the pillar of the society. Thus, the aim of the research is to examine the level and dimensions of the emotional and existential psychological crisis at the sample of the study. It further aims to investigate the statistical significant difference at the level of (0.05) regarding the feeling of the existential psychological crisis among battered and non-battered women. To reveal the objectives of the study, the researcher applied the existential psychological crisis scale to a sample of (72) women, divided into two groups: (35) battered women, who have been chosen purposefully. Those women reside in the protection homes of the Yemeni Women's Union, or are from civil society associations as Sama and Shaima. The control group consisted from (37) non-battered women. The study has revealed that there are statistically significant differences at the level of (0.01), where all dimensions are significant except the third dimension. Besides, there has been a high level of existential psychological crisis among the women, who have been exposed to violence. Thus, there are statistical significant differences regarding the level of psychological crisis at all dimensions at the level (0.01). The results have further revealed the existence of differences between the computed averages of feeling of the psychological crisis at both groups. This is because the values of t-test of both groups are independent and significant at the level (0.01) in favor of the battered women. This indicates that such a psychological crisis among these women is high

Cancer is one of the critical health concerns. Health
authorities around the world have devoted great attention
to cancer and cancer causing factors to achieve control
against the increasing rate of cancer. Carcinogens are the
most salient factors that are accused of causing a
considerable rate of cancer cases. Scientists, in different
fields of knowledge, keep warning people of the imminent
attack of carcinogens which are surrounding people in the
environment and may launch their attack at any moment.
The present paper aims to investigate the linguistic
construction of the imminent carcinogen attack in English
and Arabic scientific discourse. Such an investigation
contributes to enhancing the scientists’ awareness of the
linguistic conduct they follow in attracting people’s
attention towards the risk of the approaching attack. The
linguistic awareness also helps maintain better promotion
of people’s pre-emptive responses that can reduce the
potential for cancer cases. To achieve this aim, the paper
adopts dual methodological procedures of qualitative and
quantitative analyses. Cap’s (2013) proximization theory
of threat and crisis construction is adopted for both
qualitative and quantitative procedures. The mathematical
calculations and statistical results for discourses in both
languages are maintained by corpus linguistic analysis
using Anthony’s (2019) software, AntConc. The paper has
come up to certain conclusions that shed light on the
similarities and differences in the construction of the
imminent carcinogen attack in both languages. English
scientific discourse has shown more reliance on temporal
proximization to envisage the imminent attack of
carcinogens against human bodies. Categories 1, 2, 3 and 5
are all more dominant in the English scientific discourse.
However, both English and Arabic discourses show
diversity in the density and employment of the lexico-grammatical
tools (categories) that manifest the carcinogen
attack.

Nowadays, the ideas of integrating the concepts of the
environment and saving it are being famous. These ideas are
widely seen in many fields of study, and language education is
one of them. Thus, the identity of English Language teachers
(ELT) is a step toward transferring this concept in EFL materials
in ELT departments. The EFL teacher's identity takes different
meanings. Sometimes, it only means the teacher who teaches the
English language, and other times, it means, the cultural and
social aspects that the teacher and students interact during the
study course. These cultural and social aspects represent the
environment in teacher’s identity. This study aims to explore the
environmental identity within EFL teacher identity. The sample
of 100 student-teachers has been selected randomly from the
fourth-grade students in the department of English language in
the University of Baghdad. The study tool is adapted from the
Environmental Identity Survey (Clayton et al., 2021) and Xun’s
et al. (2014) EFL teacher identity questionnaire. After
ascertaining the face validity and reliability of the tool, the study
has been applied to the study sample. The results have shown
that 16 items of the scale are high, 31 items are moderate, and
three of them are low. However, the final results have indicated
that student-teachers’ perception of their environmental identity
is moderate.

Writing in English language demands both mental
skills and a suitable level of language proficiency. Some
studies showed that writing anxiety has an impact on the
acquisition of language learning. This study; however,
teaches the cognitive strategies (PLAY & WRITE) as a
writing strategy, so as to decrease students’ use of it when
experiencing writing anxiety at the academic writing level.
The sample has been (100) second-stage Department of
English learners at the College of Education (Ibn –Rushd),
in the University of Baghdad-Iraq. They have been
randomly selected and divided into experimental and
control groups; (50) students in each group. To achieve the
objective of the study, SLWAI questionnaire has been
distributed to the experimental group, who has been taught
the writing strategies. Each student has to writte a
minimum of 100-word essay topic once per week for 15
weeks. As for the control group, it has been taught using
the conventional way. The hypothesis states that there is no
effect of using the PLAN and WRITE Strategies on the
Iraqi EFL College Students’ Writing Anxiety. The
instrument incorporated a SLWAI questionnaire that has
been adopted from Cheng (2004). The pre-and postquestionnaire
information has been analyzed using (SPSS).
Essay writing strategies has found to have positive effects
on decreasing the writing anxiety of the trial team.
Furthermore, the composition strategies (PLAY &
WRITE) facilitate the writing environments and decrease
the tensions of students when writing a composition.