Al-Kufa University Journal for Biology

The linkage of virulence factors of bacteria with UTI is processed from the insight of each individual VF in separation from each other and studies of the assembly and function of UPEC virulence factors can offer a platform for the development of novel researches.
Aim of study: The study aim to investigate the incidence and prevalence of the some pathogenicity associated virulence factors (PAVF) in uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) such as motility (swarming and swimming ), hemolysin (α and β), siderophore and kind 1 fimbria and association of them with biofilm formation capability.
Patients and Method: A total of (170) urine specimens were collected during the period from May 2014 to November 2014 from patients suffering from UTI. All Patients were hospitalized in Alzahraa and Alsadr Teaching Hospitals.
Results: a) Out of 170 urine samples, only 70 (41.2% ) of it were UPEC positive isolates and 100 (58.8%) were negative isolates. b) 44 (63%) from cases showed mannose-sensitive haemagglutination (MSHA), 18 (26%) showed mannose-resistant haemagglutination (MRHA) and 8 (11%) shows negative results. c) 56(80%) of UPEC isolates were positive for motility and motility of both mode of motions (swarming and swimming ) the results were 66(94%) and 70(100%) respectively. d )16 (23%) of UPEC were β-hemolysis producer, 5 (7%) of it were α -hemolysis producer and 49(70%) did not have hemolysis action. e) 69(99%) were positive for siderophore production f) 67 (96%) of UPEC isolates has positive biofilm formation. g ) There were no significant values between biofilm production and the other virulence factors among the groups of UPEC isolates under investigation. As far as pearson correlation method, it was found that there was positive correlationship between biofilm production and virulence factors like ((hemolysin (α,β), siderophore and kind 1 fimbria )). On the other, there was negative correlationship between biofilm production and virulence factors like swarming and swimming (phenomenon).

The present study was designated to evaluate the histological effect of different doses of watery fenugreek seeds extract of the tissues layers of the wall of the stomach and small intestine (duodenum) after administration of watery fenugreek seeds extract in white mice. This study was carried out on 40 healthy adult mice aging (6-8 months). The experimental animals was divided into three treated groups (A, B, C) and one control group, (N= 10). Preparation the watery fenugreek seeds extract for three doses (150 mg/g, 200 mg/g, 250 mg/g). the duration of administration was 30 days. the histological results of the group A, that administrated 150mg/g of fenugreek extract show slightly changes on the level of mucosal layer of the stomach and small intestine (duodenum), this changes were slightly increased in thickness as compare with the control group. The B treated group that administrated 200 mg/g of fenugreek extract showed aggregation of epithelial cells as broad band in active period and increased in the thickness of the mucosa. The lamina properia was more prominent and show more proliferation of the cellular structures of intestinal gland (stem, chief, and parietal cells). The secretary unit of the intestinal gland have narrow lumen filled with secretion. The group C that treated with 250mg/g characterized by prominent changes more than the previous stages but have more effect reached to the abnormal changes similar to the inflammatory effect.

The present study was designated to evaluate the histological effect of different doses of watery fenugreek seeds extract of the tissues layers of the wall of the stomach and small intestine (duodenum) after administration of watery fenugreek seeds extract in white mice. This study was carried out on 40 healthy adult mice aging (6-8 months). The experimental animals was divided into three treated groups (A, B, C) and one control group, (N= 10). Preparation the watery fenugreek seeds extract for three doses (150 mg/g, 200 mg/g, 250 mg/g). the duration of administration was 30 days. the histological results of the group A, that administrated 150mg/g of fenugreek extract show slightly changes on the level of mucosal layer of the stomach and small intestine (duodenum), this changes were slightly increased in thickness as compare with the control group. The B treated group that administrated 200 mg/g of fenugreek extract showed aggregation of epithelial cells as broad band in active period and increased in the thickness of the mucosa. The lamina properia was more prominent and show more proliferation of the cellular structures of intestinal gland (stem, chief, and parietal cells). The secretary unit of the intestinal gland have narrow lumen filled with secretion. The group C that treated with 250mg/g characterized by prominent changes more than the previous stages but have more effect reached to the abnormal changes similar to the inflammatory effect.

This study was done to find out if the SNPs (-174G/C) in the regulatory (promoter) region of IL-6 gene can be considered as helpful marker and contribute in the prediction of acute appendicitis combined with other inflammatory marker like WBC count and serum CRP levels in 86 Iraqi patients admitted to emergency department of Alsader Teaching Hospital in Al-Najaf province with clinical and physical diagnosis of acute appendicitis, and 40 healthy individuals without any inflammatory disorders or clinical manifestation of any disease as control group. The distribution of patients according to gender and age showed higher incidence rates in male and in the second age group (16-22years) respectively, but without significant differences (p˃0.05). This study also showed that the patients had significantly (p<0.05) higher mean WBC counts and CRP when compared to controls. Finally, allelic distributions of SNPs (-174G/C) in the promoter region of IL-6 gene showed no significant difference (p˃0.05) between acute appendicitis patients and controls. That means polymorphism plays no role in acute appendicitis prediction so this SNPs cannot use to confirm the clinical and physical diagnosis of acute appendicitis, while other inflammatory markers (WBC count and serum CRP levels) were useful in the prediction of acute appendicitis in Iraqi population.

Diarrhea is one of the most common infectious gastroenteritis diseases in the children under two years old. The present study included 100 diarrhea samples from children patients under two years attending to Al-zahraa teaching hospital for Maternity and Children in Najaf during the period from September2013 to February 2014. From these 100 samples : 6o samples gave positive stool culture (causes by bacteria ) , and 40 samples were negative results(causes by other causative agent such parasitic agent , viral agent ,food tolerance and reaction to medicines). Out of 6o samples :30 isolates of E.coli causes diarrhea and 30other bacteria isolates causes diarrhea.
The study dealt with Identification of E.coli from diarrheatic patients by using automated VITEK-2 compact system using Gram Negative-Identification (GN-ID) cards and detect some virulence factors of the E.coli such as : hemolysin , proteases, capsule, bioflim production , adhesion. The results explained that all isolates of E.coli have polysaccharide capsules ,it able to produce hemolysin was 51.6% , also it able to produce proteases enzymes was 35.4% ,E.coli able to bioflim formation was 74.2% and E. coli have able to adhere with epithelial cell was 80.6%.