Adab AL Rafidayn

We read what the knowledgeable wrote in achieving the texts, and we benefit from it many benefits, and we lecture about that, and we have a long and complex dialogue with postgraduate students in the curricula of this art in detail and in detail; Theoretically and practically, we may choose a verified text in one of our classes to make it - from a critical point of view - an application material for the vocabulary of what we are in. And the twentieth part of the eyes of history - by Ibn Shaker Al-Ketbi, with an investigation: Dr. Faisal Al-Samer and Nabila Abdel-Moneim, in a second chapter and the twenty-first part of it, with their investigation in a third chapter, and almost the appearances and investigation - as a science and an art - in directing these books, and we found many of Methods of handling the preserved text, including what is accepted and what is accepted once, and what is provided for this or that reason, and the outcome of the study has been prepared for us material, we did not see that we need to write it, in appreciation of the big difference between what is fit to be said in a lecture, and what can be written To the general reader, but after a while we got pregnant to write a lamb, he asked a question from the students: How is the critical reading of a verified text, we want an example?

Our academic studies in the history of literature are accustomed to adopting a set of news a Muslim subject that is heard over a generation after generation, along with a number of literary product poetry and prose studying a traditional study based on an explanation of the meanings and ideas without penetration into the depths of these texts and its internal world and the link between Its introductions and results, and without being guided by the foundations of the distinction between the benefit of this and its corrupt, the amount of this crown indicating the psyche of its owners through symbols and gossip, verbal indications and artistic structures, as well as the amount of correlation between the reality experienced by the poet and people and the contents of this literary crown.
All of these things are still absent from the approaches of our study of Arabic literature, which makes such studies sterile. The benefits are not conducive to what I have been blamed for in these studies. Brilliant with its suggestions and living features, or for the learner to be accustomed to not accepting the categories and ready-made provisions that represent certain scenarios on critical scales that have been subject to the development of life in its various tracks. Among all what our literary sources have discussed is the topic of contradictions between the Umayyad Triangle Jarir, Farazdaq and Al-Akhtal, and what has been mentioned in it in a manner that most of its material is extravagant, depicting the topic as a profound echo of a battle that had a repercussion in the depth of time and an extension of the Arab-Islamic life, as these studies have I drew for the students a negative image of this life through the matter of antipodes, when she wanted to diagnose - and with profuse violence - the power of deviation in people's morals, behavior and belief, which made their societies grow such a bad plant represented in this color of hair so that we welcome it and make it a material of conflict between the tribes Which returned to the pre-Islamic period of violence is the return and turned on its tops and likewise the worst of what is the upside.
The antipyretic substance is an abundant substance that cannot be denied or impersonated. This is something that is completely neglected and does not lead to a result. Rather, what we would like to prove is that this abundant substance is the product of a number of people who overlooked the righteous mushrooms and gave them good ways of life, so they installed this difficult compound, and they could not remove themselves from the hassle of abandoning that course. ..The thought of that is something of the fame required by the deviant souls, and they are satisfied with something of both life with the conviction of the satisfied soul.
Jarir’s biography attracted some of my interest, as I was convinced of what was said of his piety and piety.
That is because we have standards in values ​​and morals by which the actions of men are weighed against what they say or act, so if the budget has been achieved, every statement is true, and any imbalance in the balance between theory and practice or saying and behavior but calls us to a new topic in which reconsideration of the literary or historical character is reconsidered That we are going to study.
Jarir is the focus of our study. It is the third of the three whose lives were linked to the extremes and its fateful battle.
The main objective of the research is to determine the amount of the budget or its defect in Jarir's life between his behavior through what was reflected in the art of antagonisms and a collection of his news, and between the piety and piety and chastity lawsuit.

We do not intend to be subjected to an extensive and comprehensive analysis of the poem, because such a work takes an entire writing, and what most is written and written about the land is ruin, but our goal in this attempt is presented. An introduction or introduction, or approach, to study this poem, which is an entrance that a critic has not previously encountered, and it has never been explained by an interpreter to the best of my knowledge.
The basis of this approach is to emphasize the unity of the poem, contrary to the prevailing belief among most critics that the poem is dispersed, lacking interconnection and logical sequence, and our argument for the poem's unity does not stem from the small particles and fine details that make up the five sections of the poem, but rather from the element of time that unites those Molecules and details.
There is no literary product comparable to the ruined land in depicting the twentieth century in its spiritual bankruptcy, mental failure, failure and sterility. It is a cry in the face of the Western world, which opened the door wide before the First World War with all its cruelty, brutality and evils.

Similar (assimilation) is one of the linguistic phoneme phenomena that were and still play an important role in the development that occurs in languages ​​in general for historical and sometimes contextual reasons. In general, people tend to achieve this phenomenon as a result of their tendency to exert the least muscle effort (least muscular efort) possible while using language in its daily dealings economy in the muscle effort (economy ofeffort). Done by the human speech device.
Through extensive study of the Arabic and English languages, we saw that there are points of convergence between the first Arab linguists such as Hebron, Sibawayh, Ibn Geni, and the linguists of the West, especially the modernists, such as Jones, Gimson, Ward, and Abercrombie, to pay attention to this phenomenon and explain its different cases.
It is noticed that these two languages ​​are replete with examples that fall within this classification of linguistic phenomena, so we have seen that a corresponding study of this phenomenon in both languages ​​can better illustrate the picture and show the similarities and differences in its many types that we will deal with in detail in our research. The results of our research can also benefit English language learners from Arabic speakers on the one hand, and Arabic language learners from English speakers on the other hand.
The study dealt with the definition of the phenomenon as it appeared in the literature of Arab and Western linguists, and specifying its types according to three criteria in permissibility or obligation, the direction of influence, and degree of influence, explaining each type within the scope of one word or in two adjacent words (i.e. in related words and we will review in our analysis of this Examples of similarities and differences wherever they are found, and we hope that this study will be an incentive for linguists to carry out research and opposite studies for other important linguistic phenomena.

Al-Nawawi was born in Muharram and the middle ten of it was said in the thirty-first year sixty-one. As for his virtue and his knowledge, it is more famous than to mention, when Al-Dhahabi said about him: "He required work at night and day for about twenty years, until he passed the peer, and he passed on all the students, and he gained the prestige in knowledge and work." (Warning) in four and a half months, he memorized a quarter of the “polite” in the rest of the year, and he is nineteen years old and he said about himself and that he was reading every day twelve lessons on the Sheikhs he explained and corrected and two lessons in the medium and a lesson in polite and a lesson in combining the two correct and A lesson in Sahih Muslim, a lesson in glossing by Ibn Jenni, a lesson in reforming logic by Ibn Al-Skitt and a lesson in drainage, and a lesson in the fundamentals of jurisprudence ... Of its valuable effects. With his navigating the knowledge and the breadth of his knowledge, he was head in asceticism and piety, without ideals and lengthening by mentioning his dignity, lengthening in a well-known and extending in favor.
This science has been studying and spreading the great science in the corner school, astronomical, and episcopal. The guardian of the House of Hadith and stayed there until his death in Rajab, and it was said on the night of the fourteenth Wednesday of the year sixty-six hundred and sixty, and he was buried in his desertion, "Nuwi", leaving us with valuable relics that were accepted in his era and its status is still up to this day, and there is no room for limiting it to this Position.

He is Bishr ibn Abi Khazim al-Asadi, considered by Ibn Salam from the stallions of poets and put him with the poets of the second class and they are Aws bin Hajar, and Bisher bin Abi Khazim al-Asadi, Kaab bin Zuhair bin Abi Salma and Al-Huta’i Jirul ibn Aws bin Malik. His name was associated with al-Nabiqa al-Dhubyani when talking about al-Aqra, where Abu al-Faraj reported a narration saying: “Two solutions from the poets were strengthening: the genius and Bashr bin Abi Khazim ....... As for Bishr ibn Abi Khazim, his brother Sawada told him: You are strong and said: What is that?” ?

The picture is not new to old and modern Arabic poetry, but it is in modern Arabic poetry more intense, as some modern poems reach a set of successive images.
However, Al-Sayyab, who is one of the pioneers of the modern Arab poetry movement, took special care of the image and made it accurately express his psyche; About his anxiety and permanent sorrow, about his expectation of death, and his attachment to life at the same time, about his self-concern - which applies to all his poems - and about the other concern that others share with him: the country, the wife, and the matters of daily life. The image at Al-Siyab was full of meaning, related to its psyche, with its most delicate psychological feelings
Anne mocks her to contain his contradictory states that are combined by one thread with a thread (special pain) that marked his poetic career.
And the poetic journey of poetry in the march of modern Arab poetry, not because he is the most pioneer of the movement of renewal in Arabic poetry, and because he is the most adherent to the image and more able to use it, but because the youth, despite his leadership, remained in close contact with the huge Arab poetic heritage, this contact that allowed the young person to The rarest poets of his generation are to benefit from all that benefits a medium in expressing pictures, and because Al Siyab is alerted early in his life to the achievements of the foreign poem in this field. And he was able to preserve his distinguished voice and develop his ability in photography, so he does not stop renewing the Arabic poem, nor does he radicalize it to locations that are far from the concerns of the Arab world. He was met with a lot of fatigue while holding this thin thread for the path of the modern Arabic poem and departing from the classic poem and the smart benefits of the achievements of the foreign poem
To find out the development of the image in Badr's poetry, it is necessary to pass somewhat swiftly on the image and its justifications, and its necessity is a natural entrance to reach the image when cursing. Using clothes for the photo. Therefore, the division of this research into three axes, divided by one another, came in response to the nature of the research and its directions, and these axes
A- In the technical picture
2.Types and technical image
3- The development of the image in his hair

The article is two articles, an article whose aim is to perform knowledge and information, and only safety of language and coherence of ideas is required, and it is "a draft book on its subject for anyone who radiates his time for beauty and does not accommodate for detail." It is an ancient one known in Arabic and elsewhere. In Arabic you descended from it. An essay aimed at depicting the writer's emotion, and expressing one of his states, such as joy, sadness, anxiety, or fear, or something similar to what afflicts the soul. The first beating was called the educational article, and the second beating was called the literary article, and you find the one who calls the first the objective article, and the second the self-article. There is no disagreement that the educational-objective objective is to convey knowledge, and that the literary-subjective aims to portray a situation, and as such it is attached to the same writer.

The Al-Futouh movement and the wars of Arab liberation are part of the general plan of the Arab Islamic state that aims to liberate the Arab nation from foreign domination, represented in the Sassanid and Byzantine countries, then work to spread Islam between the various Arab tribes that inhabit outside the Arabian Peninsula.
This policy was practically embodied after the city was able to extend its influence over the rest of the island and the Muslim Arabs restored their political and religious unity. The new conditions that emerged after the elimination of the apostasy movement forced Abu Bakr al-Siddiq (Rada) to engage the Islamic Arab Army in fighting and go to jihad in The path of God and to his word as promised by the Muslims on the day they pledged allegiance to him as well as in implementation of the Arab desire for love for soldiers is a fighter of a special type who does not know to give him limits and that the desert for him is a sophisticated fighting school that brought out many leaders and fighters who played a role in the Arab liberation movement. The Arab liberation movement started after the liquidation of the apostasy movements, as Abu Bakr Al-Siddiq (Rad) wrote to Khalid bin Al-Walid ordering him to go to Iraq to liberate him, and he ordered him to begin the release of Sindh and India, which is the camel and prepare what he needs of the fighters. Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him) also saved the Arab Islamic armies to the north after he wrote to the people of Mecca, Taif, Yemen, and all the Arabs in Najd and Al-Hejaz, invoking them for jihad, and their righteousness in it and in the spoils of the Romans. He became the first companion of one of the companions at the time, and assigned to each commander a district he named for him to liberate, as he set his way to the Levant.

The economic, social and cultural conditions of Iraq worsened after the fall of Baghdad at the hands of the Mongols in 1258, and the political and military events that occurred in Iraq from 1258 until the negative effects on the level of its population. Although during this long period there were some attempts at reform, there were factors that prevented this, perhaps the most prominent of which is the distance of its inhabitants from the rule of themselves and the possibilities of the country in the hands of the dominating foreign elements. Bad weather conditions, the spread of diseases and epidemics, and the country's exposure to drought and famine attempts have led to the deterioration of the health and living conditions of the Iraqi person.
Our study is a historical treatment of an important aspect of life in Iraq, which is represented by health conditions and medical activities since 1258 and until the Iraqis took over to run their country and found the Ministry of Health on September 1 ۱۹۲۱. The study is also concerned with following up the impact of these health conditions and medical activities on the population and monitoring the first beginnings of establishing a modern health entity in Iraq.

The study of administrative affairs in different Islamic eras is a difficult topic due to the lack of information available about it in the sources. This difficulty increases when the study specializes in searching for the first periods of the history of the Islamic Arab country. It is no secret that most of our accredited sources focus on the political side, and administrative issues refer only to an offer. This, of course, does not allow the researcher to obtain any mail easily with information, but rather it must be very accurate in extracting its material through the information scattered in the sources, which is not usually within a regular context.
With regard to this research, we find that a large number of sources focus on the issue of the conquests and the battles of liberation waged by the Arab Islamic armies in the Levant, and we pay more attention to the movements of these armies and the victories they achieved over the Byzantines. This is very important for those who want to study the conquest, but the matter differs for those who are interested in administrative issues and social and economic conditions. However, it is not possible to overlook what some sources contain from basic information about the administrative affairs of this early era, especially among them mentioning the history of Khalifa bin Khayyat, the book of Fattuh al-Balad for Baladhari, and the history of the messengers and kings of Muhammad Ibn Jarir al-Tabari.
The method that was followed in writing this research depends primarily on extracting administrative information from the main sources, analyzing it and placing it within a modern context that serves the research, with reference to some modern views of the updated writers, in order to reach a picture close to the reality of the administrative system that was prevalent in Bilad al-Sham during the reign of Caliph Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (Rada). The research did not mention the discussion of the conquest and how it was accomplished, due to the large number of what was written about it, and because it does not fit into the core of the current topic. But it was necessary to talk about the military administration of the Levant, and the role of the caliph in guiding the conquest. The research also indicated the administrative divisions of the Levant, the governors, the way in which they were tested, the caliph's policy towards them, and the stability of the Arabs in the Levant, and the foundations according to which this stability was made. The research also included the administrative and financial organizations that followed the conquest, the situation of the people of the country and the extent of their cooperation with the new administration.

The research deals with an overview of the historical background of the city of Mosul, its ancient location, its plans and the nature of the changes that have occurred in it until it has come to its heritage form, focusing on the features and architectural designs of its son, tracking its origins, addressing its functions, how it addresses various housing problems, developing solutions to it, and the extent of impact So on urban growth in it.
Mosul is one of the ancient cities that appeared clearly on the scene of events as a fortress in the Assyrian era, and then fell for a period of time under the influence of the invaders from Persia and Byzantines.
In the year AH 16 / AD 637, the Muslim Arabs liberated it, and it insisted during the reign of Caliph Umar ibn Al-Khattab (may God be pleased with him), and then it received the attention of the two caliphs, Othman bin Affan and Ali bin Abi Talib, may God be pleased with them, until it became rain inspired by Islam.
It gained the attention of the Umayyads, and the Abbasids after them, and when it was owned by the sons of Hamdan (۲۹۳ - ۳۱۷ e / 905 - 929 A.D.), its neighborhoods expanded and its markets and hotels expanded and reached the climax of its architectural and artistic greatness in the era of Atabi (521 - 660 AH / 1127 - 1261 AD), but soon conditions deteriorated The city, after being subjected to the Ilkhanid invasion, Turkoman tribes, and Timurids, was finally subjected to the Ottoman control to which most of the heritage buildings belong, especially the era of the venerable rulers (۱۱۳۹ - 1249 / 1726-1834) and the heritage buildings that we are going to address to their architectural features and designs are centered in the ancient site of the city of Mosul .
Several factors have played in drawing the architectural map of the city of Mosul, especially the heritage, including: the environment, climatic conditions, local experiences, social and religious traditions and customs, political events, and building materials.
This map has positively affected the urban growth in the city as a result of its treatment of these factors, and the development of practical solutions to some of the problems that resulted from it, and is a good model for the Arab Islamic city that has met the necessary human requirements.

This research addresses the period of the rule of the Umayyad caliph Yazid bin Abdul Malik, which extends from the year 101 AD until the year 105 AH. The research is an attempt to evaluate the internal and external policies of this caliph, especially as he pursued a policy that differs in its main lines from that of his predecessor Omar bin Abdulaziz 99-101 AH.
The policy of Yazid bin Abdul Malik is still being criticized by historians and researchers. It needs to clarify its features and remove the ambiguity surrounding the era in which this caliph ruled. The search - then - is an effort aimed at shedding light on the events that took place in the succession of Yazid bin Abdul Malik, the method of his rule and the mentality that shaped political, economic and administrative decisions.
Through what the original sources provide us with historical information, the research attempts to provide an objective picture that is closer to historical reality and within the rules of modern historical criticism and scientific analysis, which impose on us to move away from prejudices and prejudices as they do not serve the discreet historical truth sought by historical research.

The Arab world is located in the southwestern part of the Asian continent and for its vast area, it mediates three continents, which are Asia, Europe and Africa, and given this location, it has become throughout history the link between these continents, whether through land transportation, or through its water bodies.
In view of the natural diversity in the geography of the Arab world, from fertile plains and rivers, and an appropriate climate for agricultural production, especially those located on the outskirts of the Arabian Peninsula, such as Iraq, the Levant, and Egypt, and in the southern corner of the Arabian Peninsula in Yemen. The inhabitants of the Arab world were able to build the first authentic human civilizations, so they invented writing and haste, and they built dams and reservoirs that contributed to the improvement and development of agricultural production. The creations of the inhabitants of the Arab world were not limited to the material side, but they had the honor to carry all the messages of unification that humanity knew, which completed the creative civilizational image of them in its material and spiritual waging.

Scientific and technological knowledge in our contemporary society has become a major player in disseminating the causes of economic and social progress and developing material and human resources and making good use of them. One of the researchers stressed that knowledge of the same engine that is necessary for the process of economic growth in every provider country, and that scientific developments and their practical applications lead to increasing and improving production.
The age has passed when some people believed that science is for information only, science has become the decisive element between progress and backwardness, the breadth and complexity of knowledge and the diversity of areas of life and its various applied arts have made the solution of economic and social problems resulting from it and the development of human wealth and raise its production adequacy and cultural and social level urgent necessities In our contemporary society.
The necessities imposed by scientific progress are considered a cornerstone of the university at the present time, starting from the prestigious position of the university as an advanced vanguard that leads the movement of progress and development in enriching knowledge and development in all fields and advancing society and achieving a prosperous future for it, and thus university education has become a serious and important message in the progress of society The universities are no longer ivory towers overlooking them on society, concerned only with the orders of their students and purely theoretical and abstract studies.

There are general foundations and rules to which human beings are subject to their growth during the various stages in addition to the existence of characteristics that are unique to each human being and are related to the circumstances and internal and external internal factors surrounding it. Therefore, predicting what the human being (and the child in particular) will be in the future is impossible unless these factors and characteristics that are unique to the child are taken into consideration, as mental development, for example, differs in its amount from one child to another even if these children are equal in their chronological age as the gifted person progresses with his mental age Peer to him in the age and retarded mentally disabled for the age.
The Swiss scientist Jean Piaget, JEAN PIAGET, has studied the mental development of children through his observations to them since he was searching in the laboratory of the school of the psychologist Apene, ALFRED BINET for their responses about the paragraphs of intelligence tests that he developed between then in the psychological clinic in Zurich, so he met the children in an attempt to discover The methods and methods by which they can reach the answer, and this stimulated him to study mental development using the method of observation and interview, and he also benefited a lot from his observations on his children Jacqueline, Lucien, and Laurent. His interests focused on studying the difference between child and adult thinking, as the concepts and ideas of the child felt very strange from the ideas and concepts of adults, and on the other hand, the ideas of the seven-year-old are centered around himself EGO CENTRIC and are influenced by his personal needs and desires more than affected by an understanding of what is going on in his environment .
After obtaining his doctorate in life sciences from the University of Lausanne, Piaget's specialization was reflected in his research and studies career, when he adopted a biological framework for growth, in addition to emphasizing the role of the environment. He believes that the child's mental development cannot take place in the correct form when he is in an environment that he interacts with, because he needs to establish relationships with children and other adults and environmental materials where it leads to the acquisition of new capabilities that can be characterized by its specific features through the process of nurturing (NURITION). In confirmation of this, HEBB (1949 AH, HEBB) indicated in a study in 1941 that the difference in the development of mental abilities among individuals is due to differences in genetic factors and to the team in the psychological / muscle stimuli during the first and second year of the individual's life.

Juvenile delinquency is a problem that has received the attention of a center of specialists in criminal, social and psychological sciences. And you may not be far from the circle of righteousness if we say that the secret of this interest is due, on the one hand, to the connection of this problem with an important segment of society, but it is the segment of events upon which nations hold high hopes in the process of building their future, and on the other hand they return to what they represent from a large material loss. The social commission bears it through investigations of delinquent juveniles, court pleadings, treatment within correctional institutions, and subsequent care for the release of human beings and human societies through the stages of its development, it did not stand idly by about this problem, but rather it addressed a narrative ranging from severity or tolerance and reform, in Hammurabi law there was no An explicit text on the crimes of children, except that the seventh article of it used to indicate that a person who buys goods stolen from a slave or a minor (i.e. an juvenile was punished only with that person without a servant or a minor, and the Roman law to make the minor responsible criminally after the seventh, yet it is Accountable - our loved ones - the child under the seventh if he commits an act with the intention of harming others, and Islamic Sharia established criminal disciplinary penalties for juvenile offenders from the age of (۸ - 15) years and some jurisprudence If he made it ۱۸ a year, and according to the laws of the Middle Ages, the treatment of delinquent juveniles was cruel. For example, the East Jersey State Law - in 1688 - indicated in America that a child who insults and insults his parents or is stuck or bitchy is punished with death, and by the treaty of the revolution French and the spread of the denial of freedom and human rights The voices of thinkers (Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau, Carria, Bename ...) that demanded the adoption of a humanistic view of the treatment of criminals whether they were adults or juveniles increased, and with this increasing demand, amendments to the penal laws and the laws and courts of juveniles appeared in Most of the countries of the world, and the punishment has become a social function based on therapeutic and reformative foundations, and Iraq was not far from this reform policy, as it also followed a sound humanitarian approach in the treatment and reform of juveniles, and this is what Article Twenty of the Iraqi Juvenile Law No. 14 issued in the year ۱۹۷۲ (revised) indicated. When she indicated that the event should be taken.

The problem with this research stems from the main question, which is the following questions: The main scientific assumptions adopted in this research, namely:
First: What is the international relative weight of Arab oil?
Second: What is the current picture of the economic evaluation elements of Al-Arefi oil?
Third: What is the reality of its social cost?
In an attempt to put forward some political and economic options through them. In order to maximize the role of this resource in the geopolitical weight of the Arab world globally?
Perhaps addressing these problems requires a distinguished scientific effort or specialized expertise capable of defining the scientific hypotheses to be approved. Therefore, originality in this treatment: a method and a substance was the main impetus to test the research problem. Therefore, the theoretical and practical importance of this research follows from the scientific content of the approaches of spatial force analysis: strategy and geo-strategic according to geopolitical concepts as we see them. Accordingly, this research attempts to determine the geopolitical weight of Arab oil nationally and internationally by assessing its economic and social impacts: both a current picture and a future elegance. Through the levels of these indicators in developed countries as higher strategic goals.
It may be objective to point out that studying a problem like the one addressed by this research requires reference to reliable data. Indeed, the statistics of the United Nations, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, the World Bank for Development and Reconstruction, and the Center for Arab Unity Studies were formed. The main sources of data for this research

The wind transmits heat and humidity, and is an important important regulator of the atmosphere, and affects the determination of many climatic characteristics, so the researcher should not study it as an independent element, but rather it must be linked to the climate elements (air temperature and humidity) to find the limits of human comfort and its sense of the harshness of winter and the stress of summer. .
This research aims to measure the capacity of the cooling wind when the air temperature rates are lower than the surface temperatures of the human skin, and then measure the degree of human sense of it in Iraq through three axes:
1 - Finding the cooling wind capacity and the degree of human sense of it based on wind speed and temperature levels.
۲- Find the cooling wind capacity and the degree of human sense of it based on wind speed rates and night temperatures ..
3- Finding the cooling capacity of the wind and the degree of human sense of it based on the rates of wind speed and daytime temperatures.

As is clear in the norms of international politics, the state itself as a recognized legal unit does not act at the legal and political level, except through those of its own, and therefore the state understands a political as that integrated social organization that prevents its political leadership (i.e. officially responsible decision makers) with full sovereignty and with independence In making foreign policy decisions ,.
This research came to clarify the policy of non-alignment in Iraq’s international relations through the thought of leadership and the ideology of the ruling party. It included a study of several aspects that granted the policy of international polarization and the policy of non-alignment from the Iraqi point of view, in addition to studying the content of the policy of non-alignment in Iraq’s international relations on The political and economic level.
Through the research, the legitimacy of the assertion of the independence of Iraq and its non-flowing in the orbit of the great countries, cooperation between it and the countries of the world with a level of equivalence and the preservation of personal personality and national dignity, as well as avoiding the economic dependency of the colonial countries, especially Iraq’s offer to the third world countries, seemed to be legitimate. Economic, financial facilities and long-term loans have undoubtedly expressed the sincerity of Iraq - not in preserving Iraq away from dependency on great powers - but rather in preserving third world countries from engaging in a dependency race for foreigners.
This non-aligned policy that Iraq is currently pursuing indicates the strength of the state at all levels. As the most important factor influencing foreign policy is the "strength of the state." This power of Iraq came from wise leadership, the integrity of the faith, and the cohesion of the masses with that belief and the leader.

Our study will be limited to the authenticity of telex and messages sent by e-mail, in order to widen the scope of their use in natural and moral transactions for people, which requires their presence to be legally regulated in our Arab legislation, in order to keep pace with this enormous development that we will reach communication messages and information transfer technology in the future.
We will study this research in two chapters. Chapter One: The Authentic Telex Evidence.
The first topic: the strength of the trix in the evidence
The second topic: the legal problems raised by the proof by telex Chapter two: the authenticity of the messages sent by e-mail in the evidence
The first topic: The power of electronic messages in the proof The second topic: The legal problems raised by the electronic messages in the proof.