Journal of Kufa - physics

The major goal of this research was to determine how well NiO nanoparticles (NPs) inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria that were separated from biofilm layers that had developed inside of medical equipment used on a regular basis in hospitals and dental offices. Chia seed extract was previously used in the preparation and physical characterization of NiO nanoparticles. Thirty isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=16) and Staphylococcus aureus (n=14) were found in separate swab samples taken from dental office bottles, syringe tubes, spittoons, ventilation machine tubes, and emergency room bottles. Using conventional bacteriological techniques, moist swab samples were inoculated and identified on culture medium, and subsequently antibiotic susceptibility was assessed in accordance with NCCLs. Using two different techniques—well diffusion and microdilution, respectively—the antibacterial activity of NiO nanoparticles against contaminated bacteria was assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively.

The AZO nanostructure samples used in this investigation were made on a glass substrate by spin-coating utilizing an inexpensive sol-gel method. We investigated the effects Effect of annealing temperature on AZO (aluminum doped with zinc) thin film on optical characteristics. The films were annealed in an air environment at (350, 400, 450, 500, and 550) °C for four hours. The measurements of optical transmittance and absorbance were made in the 300–800 nm wavelength range using a single beam spectrophotometer. When the temperature of annealing increases, the optical band gap decreases from 3.36 eV to 3.2 eV and the UV–Vis absorption spectra exhibit a small red shift. The AZO films have transmittances over 35% in the IR region of spectrum for 350°C after annealing sample, but rises to 95% at 550°C after annealing at higher temperatures. With a rise in annealing temperature, AZO film extinction coefficient increased. An increase in annealing temperature results in an increase in both optical and electrical conductivities.

In this paper, photodetectors based on CdS thin films were successfully prepared and deposited on glass substrates using the SILAR method without using ammonia as a catalyst and with the presence of ammonia. The previously mentioned samples were named as Z3 and Z4, respectively. The structural, morphological, and optical properties were studied. XRD data revealed a crystal phase and a cubic structure of CdS with peaks corresponding to planes (111), (022), and (131). Also, the measured crystal size of plane (111) was 20.506 and 54.661 nm for samples Z3 and Z4 respectively. FESEM images showed homogenous nanosized grains for prepared samples. The absorption spectra and energy band gap of CdS were measured with UV-Vis spectroscopy, which showed that ????????=2.3 eV for sample Z3 and ????????=2.35 eV for sample Z4 and both were seen to be tended toward redshift. The (I-V) properties of Z3 and Z4 photodetectors revealed a weak response under visible light, but a much higher response to UV light. At 5V bias, the photocurrent was increased from 4.09×10−8 to 3.7×10−7 μA for Z3, while increased from 1.8×10−8 to 1.4×10−7 μA for Z4.

Recent studies have been conducted on insulating polymers to convert them into semiconductor materials for use in many fields, including electronics. The polymers (PVA) and (PMMA) were chosen for their distinctive properties, availability, low production cost, and integration with each other, and nanoparticles (ZnO)were added to improve their structural and electrical properties.This research article investigates the impact of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles on the electrical and structural properties of composite films made from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The researchers prepared composite films with varying concentrations of ZnO (0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7% by wt.%) using a solution casting technique. The study employed several analytical methods to characterize the films. FTIR spectroscopy revealed hydrogen bonding between PVA and PMMA, indicating good compatibility between the polymers. XRD analysis showed that the films maintained a crystalline structure even at higher ZnO concentrations. SEM imaging provided insights into the structural reorganization of polymer chains and the distribution of ZnO within the composite. A key finding of the study was the significant improvement in electrical conductivity with the addition of ZnO nanoparticles. The pure PVA/PMMA blend was found to be an electrical insulator, with a conductivity of 9.9×10−11(Ω.????????)−1,. However, the addition of ZnO dramatically enhanced conductivity, with the optimal concentration being 3% ZnO, which yielded a conductivity of 4.2×10−6(Ω.????????)−1. This transformation effectively changed the material from an insulator to a semiconductor. The researchers concluded that the composite with 3% ZnO concentration exhibited the best overall properties. They suggest that this material could have potential applications in various fields, including digital screens, LCDs, and optical signals. The study demonstrates the potential of incorporating nanomaterials to enhance the properties of polymer composite films, opening up new possibilities for their use in various industries. This is the first study of this PVA-PMMA/ZnO composite and its transformation into a semiconductor material.

Heitler-London(HL) and Hund-Mulliken(HM) approximations wereapplied in microscopic computations for double quantum dot (DQDs) spin qubits. The J-interactionbetween triplet and singlet states in a linked double quantum dot (DQD) at (Si/SiO2) interface using COMSOL Multiphysics wave functions was estimated. By evaluating different potential, this calculation is performed within a specified region of interest. We evaluatedthese findings in relation to a situation in which Fock-Darwin (FD) states are used and a precisely known solution of a one-dimensional Schrödinger equation exists. Our study reveals the effectiveness of the applied method and provides interesting investigation of the reliability and accuracy of the computational method used.

In the current research, several nuclear structure features of 94Ru isotopewere computed by using NuShellX@MSUcode. Theseproperties were:[levels energy,spin and parity, transition possibilities for electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole, nuclear moments for electric quadrupole and magnetic dipole as well as the distributions of nuclear charge and nuclear mass density]. An active valance nucleonof 94Ru nucleusisoccupied Gloeckner (Gl) model space that has the orbits:(2p1/2, 1g9/2) with (2d5/2,3s1/2) for protons andneutrons above the subshell ending ofSr3888nucleus respectively. The calculations wereachieved by utilizing Gloeckner interaction and bare g-matrix (Glb); appropriate effective nucleon charge and g-effective factor with Skyrme (sly4) potential werechosen for extracting the radial wave functions for the single-particle matrix elements for theisotope mentioned above. Theresults demonstratedthat there have been properly compatible energy levels with the experimental data on the studied nuclear properties; the spins and parity have confirmed some experimental levels.On the other hand, for some experimental energieshave assigned the total angular momentum and the parity. Another good agreement was notcied for dipole-magnetic moments of 94Ruisotope with the experimental values.These results have expected new values for the above mentioned properties that were not Experimentally

The mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ) of many polymers, such asPolyamide-6 (C6H11ON(, Nylon 1,1)C11H21ON(, Polymethyl pentane) C6H12(, and High density Polyethylene) C2H4(, was determined in the available energy range (5.89-2.5*103) KeV using the XCOM code and the Phy-X/PSD program. The values of μ/ρ are higher when the photo-electric effect is dominant in 5.89 KeV of photon energy, but they are almost constant above 0.138 KeV of photon energy when the Compton scattering is dominating. These results showed a good agreement. Partial processes of interaction can explain variations in (μ/ρ) values. The effective atomic number (Zeff) was calculated with the XCOM code for several polymers. Zeff is the highest value in the photo-electric effect zone and is constant or almost constant in the Compton scattering region

In this research, a chemical oxidative polymerization process was used to prepare polypyrrole (PPY). The characterization of polypyrrole thin films pure and dopped withsilver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at different weight ratios of AgNPs (i.e., 5, 10, and 15 wt%) was studied. The thin films were prepared via the drop casting method and flung down on a clean glass substrate at room temperature. Using FT-IR, XRD, and AFM, the system and facet morphology of the thin films were investigated. FTIR analysis of undoped PPY powder revealed distinctive vibrational frequencies of PPY undoped. Strong absorption bands at 3653 cm-1 (N-H stretching), 2342 cm-1(nitridation), and peaks at 1542, 1459 cm-1(C=C, C=N vibrations) were observed. Other peaks at 1176 cm-1(C-N stretching), 1039, 964 cm-1 (C-H vibrations), 893, 782 cm-1 (C-H bend deformation), 670 cm-1(C-C deformation), and 590 cm-1(polypyrrole presence) were identified. The results showed that the FT-IR spectra of pure ppy and the spectra of PPY/AgNPs composites were similar. The single XRD data also showed that ppy is amorphous and The distinctive peak of polypyrrole was found at (2θ) 24.35◦, indicating the short-range arrangement of PPy chains the interlayer distance (d) between the measured value of spacing for PPY was 3.6599 A0. Additionally, By using AFM, the parameters Ra, R.M.S, and G.S. were determined for PPY doped AgNPs thin films. These values increased with higher doping percentages. For undoped PPY thin film, values were (2.557nm, 3.299nm, 33.40nm) while for doped films with 5%, 10%, and 15% AgNPs, values were (3.397nm, 4.859nm, 46.12nm), (9.328nm, 11.90nm, 66.33nm), and (13.87nm, 19.28nm, 86.89nm) respectively. the AFM results for all thin films of PPY undoped and composites doped with silver nanoparticles (PPY/AgNPs) demonstrated that the values of grain size (G.S.) and root-mean-square (R.M.S.) roughness average (Ra) increase as the number of AgNPs increases