Kirkuk Journal of Science

The purpose of this research is to design optical fibers which can be used for different of
practical applications and study its characteristics :critical angle ,numerical aperture
.normalized frequency ,number modes ,effective area .which are all function of wavelength
.fixing the cladding material which has the smaller refractive index and varying the core
material which has a larger refraction index ,three types of doped material was chosen : 16.9
m/o Na2O+32.5 m/o B2O3+50.6 m/o SiO2 ,7.9 m/o GeO2+92.1 m/o SiO2 ,1.0 m/o F+99.0 m/o
SiO2and calculating the refractive index as function of wavelength using selimer equation and
by a proper choice of the core and clad materials ,two type of optical fibers were designed
.considering the communication windows ,the first fiber has core material of : 16.9 m/o
Na2O+32.5 m/o B2O3+50.6 m/o SiO2 and a clad of 1.0 m/o F+99.0 m/o SiO2as receiving fiber clad
to its large numerical aperture and the second fiber has a core material of 7.9 m/o GeO2+92.1
m/o SiO2and cladding material of 1.0 m/o F+99.0 m/o SiO2this can be used as transmitting fiber
due to its small numerical aperture .

This research include synthesis of sciff base ligand N, N – bis (4- hydroxy benzaldehyde) p- phenylene
diimine. The ligand was synthesized from reaction between p- phenylene diamine with 4-hydroxy
benzalehyde .
The complexes were product of reaction of the ligand with metal salts which have the general formula [ M
(L )2 (Cl )2 ] When M = Co+2 , Fe+2
But for Chromium complex the chemical formula is [ M(L)2 (Cl)2 ]Cl M = Cr+3
L = N,N – bis ( 4- hydroxyl benzaldehyde ) p- phenylene diimine That means the metal to ligand
ratio is ( 1 : 2 ). These complexes were characterized by technique of Infrared , UV-visible , Molar
conductivity , Magnetic sensitivity & Atomic absorption .these studies were signed that the ligand is
bidentate and coordinate by nitrogen atoms of azomethine groups , It was found that the have octahedral
geometry.

Ectopic ureter occurs three times more commonly in females than in males. More than 80% of female
ectopic ureters involve duplicated systems, while the majority of male ectopic ureters are of a single
system , this rare case of ectopic ureteric orifice was diagnosed in 10 year old female child who presented
with continuous dribbling of urine day and night ,after clinical examination together with
Intravenousurography and cystoscopic examination the final diagnosis of bilateral complete duplicated
system with unusual ectopic four ureteric orifices was settled .

Helicobacter pylori is one of the most common chronic bacterial infection worldwide distribution which
infects at least 50% of world's human population. There is evidence that acquisition of H. pylori occur
mainly in early childhood. The aims of this study were: A) to evaluate the early diagnosis and the
seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among children in Kirkuk city by using an
immunochromatography method which is rapid, visually read qualitative serologic test for the detection
of human IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori in the patient’s serum. B) investigation of the probable
association of serum magnesium (Mg+2) level with Helicobacter pylori infection in the patients.
Blood samples were collected from one-hundred fifty two child patients asses the (60 boy and 92 girls)
their age ranged between 1 month-16 years.
Helicobacter pylori infection was diagnosed in 33 children (21.71%). The seroprevalence of H. pylori
infection was an increase with children’s age and there was a significant relationship between
seropositivity and vomiting 8 (24.24%), magnesium 7 (21.21%). There was no significant relationship
between RAP 24 (72.72%), chronic diarrhea 6 (18.18%) and sex as showed statistically by chi _square
(x
2
).
We conclude that high serum magnesium level associated with high risk of infection with H. pylori.
Helicobacter pylori infection increases with the children’s age. There was no association between H. pylori
infection and the gastrointestinal symptoms (RAP and chronic diarrhea, vomiting was excluded).

Ni and Co ferrite pellets were prepared by co-precipitation method at 100 oC as a reaction
temperature and then sintered at 400 oC for the phase formation. The identified phase was confirmed by xray diffraction analysis in which all intensity peaks of Ni and Co ferrites were observed which clearly
indicates that the single phase of inverse spinel ferrite. Surface morphology of pellet was studied by
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which shows high reacting surface area due to small grain size ≈ 32
to 40 nm. The pellets were prepared as gas sensor elements. We have studied humidity sensing with Ni and
Co ferrite in pellet form. Also with Ni and Co ferrite, sensing to NH4 and acetone gas has been studied. It
has been found that the gas sensing for test gases is found to be in the order of humidity, NH4, acetone and
Cl2. Here it is shown that CoFe2O4 acts as a good sensor as compared to NiFe2O4 especially for acetone and
ammonia gases.

Condensation of 2-aminoethane sulfonic acid(Taurine) and benzaldehyde in sodium hydroxide ethanolic
solution gave the Schiff base [2-(benzylidene amino) ethanesulfonic acid(L)] . This base particularly bind
to metal ions Co (II) ,Ni (II),Cu (II) , Zn (II)and Hg (II) in 2:1 molar ratio via the N atom lone pair and
oxygen atom of sulfonic acid (the most active positions) as a neutral bidentate ligand to form complexes of
general formula [ML2. 2H2O]Cl2. Characterization of these complexes were octahedral geometry as
information obtained from IR and UV spectra and molar conductivity measurements.

Homodinuclear complexes of Cu(II) metal ions with three Schiff base ligands have been prepared
andcharacterized.Theligandsare:
dibenzoinlidenemalonoyldihydrazide(BMDH4),dibenzoinlidenesuccinyldihydrazide(BSDH4)and dibenzoinlidene
phthaloyldihydrazide (BPDH4) which are obtained by the reaction of malonoyldihy drazide,succinyl
dihydrazide and phthalolyldihydrazide with benzoin in mole ratio1:2 The preparation of the complexes was
carried out in both neutral and basic media and have been characterized by different phys- icochemically
and they found to formulas[Cu2(LH4)2]X4 in neutral medium and [Cu2L2]in basic medium, respectively.
Octahededral structure has been suggested for all the hexacoordinated complexes Furthermore thecomplexes
have been found to be biologically active as demonstrated by antibacterial screening against four human
pathogenic bacterial stains. It has been found that the complexes were more effective agent than the ligands
(where X= Cl-
,NO3
-
).