Journal of Kufa - physics

Nanostructures of metal oxides of CuO, and TiO2 were prepared by the hydrothermal method. Also, CuO/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by the hydrothermal technique using an equal ratio of 1:1 The
properties of the prepared compounds were investigated through Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy FE-SEM, Transmission Electron Microscopy TEM, X-Ray Diffraction. The images of FE-SEM have confirmed that the prepared TiO2 , CuO, and nanoparticles were structured as Nanoparticles, Spherical, and CuO/ TiO2 nanocomposites which were mixed in an equal ratio were structured as rocks-like structures. The results of the X-ray diffraction indicated the presence of CuO, and TiO2 as (monoclinic structures, Tetragonal) respectively. with
the average crystallite sizes,( 13.10,8.65 and 10.12)nm, for CuO , TiO2 and CuO/TiO2 respectively. The optical properties of the prepared nanoparticles CuO , TiO2 , and CuO/TiO2 were studied through UV-Vis
Spectroscopy. The optical band gap of the prepared products was determined by UV-Visible spectrophotometry and was found to be 2.1, 3.0, and 2.8 eV for TiO2, CuO, NPs, and CuO /TiO2 nanocomposites respectively. Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) fabricated based on TiO2, CuO, NPs, and CuO /TiO2 nanocomposites are casted onto (FTO)
substrates (front electrode), while the back electrode is carbon/FTO-glass substrate. Two types of natural dyes were used in this study. Chlorophyll pigment in green leek and anthocyanin red pigment in cochineal pomegranate whereas iodine/ iodide KI/I2 is used as the electrolyte solution. The solar cells efficiency rates (1.51,0.74 and 0.94)
for CuO, TiO2 NPs, and CuO /TiO2 nanocomposites/ are chlorophyll pigments present in green leek respectively. and The solar cells efficiency rates (1.20,0.558 and 0.88) for CuO, TiO2 Nps, and CuO/TiO2 nanocomposites/ anthocyanin pigment present in red pomegranate respectively

The natural radioactivity of the earth formations of Tar Al-Najaf region in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf governorate has been studied , which is considered one of the most important archaeological areas in the province. As Tar Al-Najaf is one of the natural phenomena prominently present in the governorate, as it cuts sharply to form a rocky cliff, as well as overlooks from the southern end of a plateau Al-Najaf and on the sea of Al-Najaf, in a clear and surprising way, Al-Najaf flew, by selecting 30 sites to take soil samples from the region, and spectral measurements were made using gamma-ray spectroscopy (NaI(Tl)) . It was found that the specific activity of 238U,232Th and 40K in the studied ranged between to with average , to (8.356±1.013) with average (21.728) and (475.391 ± 7.870) to (95.173 ± 1.994) with average (281.197) respectively. As per radium equivalent, it was between () to (37.576)with average (68.678) , and the activity concentration index ranged between (0.756) to (0.272) with average (0.510) ) , while the external hazard index ranged from (0.272) to (0.101) , with rate (0.184). Comparing the present results with the globally considered values, it was found that the radiation levels of the studied samples are within the permissible limits.

n the current work, we focused on the impact of Indium oxide partial substitution at the (Hg) site on the structural characteristics of the (HgBa2Ca2Cu2.85La0.15O8+δ) compound with (0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2 and 0.25). Samples were prepared by the (SSR) method. The combined powder was crushed with a pressure of 7 tons per square centimeter to create a disc with a thickness of (0.2 cm) and a diameter of (1.5 cm). The samples sintered for 24 hours at a rate that was changed from ambient temperature to 820 °C. For the samples which were doped with (In=0.05) in comparison to other samples, the highest value of the c-axis lattice parameter and a pseudo-tetragonal structure were discovered using (XRD) analysis. It was discovered that altering the In concentrations in all of the results of our sample changes the volume fraction VPh(1223), mass density dm, and c/a. It was also determined that the change in lattice parameters, degree of crystallinity, crystal size, and strain (in different ways) resulted from a change in the indium oxide concentrations for all samples.

In this work, The energy levels and lowered electric quadruple transition probability B(E2) were calculated with the use of the OXBASH code in the F7shell and the F7MBZ& F742 effective interaction for the 42-43Ti isotopes. All nucleon combinations in the17/2orbits are included in the model space. Additionally, the shell model does a good in describing the invading states' energies. Computations have been done using effective interactions F7MBZ and F742 in full f7 space, As well as the shell model , Lowlying states and binding energies computed and it was found that the calculated rates of electric quadrupole transitions between the isotopes 42-43Ti were consistent with the existing experimental published data.DOI:https://doi.org/10.31257/2018/J

Using shell-model calculations, the nuclear structure (energy levels
and reduced transition probability) of 27Mg isotope has been studied.
Shell-model codes, Oxbash for Windows operating system, were
utilized to calculate the outcomes. Using a harmonic oscillator, the wave
functions of radial single-particle matrix elements have been calculated.
The calculated energy levels and available experimental data up to 5
MeV for 27Mg are compared. Core-polarization effects on reduced
transition probability are introduced via first-order perturbation theory,
which permits higher energy configurations via nucleon excitations
from core orbits to those outside model space up to 9ℏ ω. The core-
polarization effects have improved the agreement between B(E2) and
their corresponding experimental data, but have no effect on B(M1),
B(M2), and B(E1).

Spray pyrolysis was used in this work to create un-doped ZnO and Sn-doped films with varying mass fractions(2, 4, 6, and 8wt.%) of doping on a glass substrate.The effect of Sn doping on the optical and structural characteristics of the produced thin films was investigated. All of the films were polycrystalline and possessed a structure of hexagonal wurtzite with a preference for orientation along the (002) plane, according to XRD investigations. The peak intensity (002) for 6 wt% is higher than all of the chosen doping ratios. Except for the 8% that was (21) nm, the grain size (D) increased from (22-26) nm as the percentage of Sn doping increased. In order to evaluate the optical characteristics, the absorption and transmittance spectra were recorded in different wavelength ranges of 380-900 nm. This shows that, compared to the un-doped film, the absorbance decreases as the amount of doped tin increases. When the doping ratio ranged from (0 -8) wt%, the optical energy gap was (3.23-3.59) eV. The transmittance increases with the percentage of Sn doping, reaching its maximum value (72%) at (8%) doping.

In this research, the rate of photons emission from quark-gluon interaction based on the quantum chromodynamics theory was calculated. The rate of photons emission was evaluated for ????????→ d????system due to essential parameters, include the strength coupling constant, system temperature and critical temperature. The photons emission from charm interaction with gluon affected strongly with increasing or decreasing of the coupling strength. The effect of critical temperature on the rate of photons emission which is small at critical temperature =0.160291913GeV when compared with the rate of photons emission at =0.1894358972GeV was investigated. The effect of the energy of system in the limit of 13.5GeV on the photons emission rate was discussed and, we found that it decrease with increase of the photon energy. On the contrary, the rate of emission photon was increased with increasing of system temperature from 185 to 305MeV.

Endovenouslaser ablation therapy (EVLA) relies heavily on the power of the laser used. Therefore, the relationships between this power and other related parameters can be studied and taken into account in order to obtain successful results from the treatment. Not only the related parameters should be tested and examined, but some other parameters that may appear unrelated to the success of the EVLA treatment should also be studied in order to improve and succeed the venous treatment. Thus, the correlation coefficient between the applied laser power and age/gender was calculated in this study. The purpose of this study was to compare the laser power used in the EVLA procedure with age for the two genders. 42 patients who suffered from venous ulcers in the lower limbs of the human body were treated with a 1470-nm diode laser. So, the correlation coefficient wasfor males and for females

Endovenouslaser ablation therapy (EVLA) relies heavily on the power of the laser used. Therefore, the relationships between this power and other related parameters can be studied and taken into account in order to obtain successful results from the treatment. Not only the related parameters should be tested and examined, but some other parameters that may appear unrelated to the success of the EVLA treatment should also be studied in order to improve and succeed the venous treatment. Thus, the correlation coefficient between the applied laser power and age/gender was calculated in this study. The purpose of this study was to compare the laser power used in the EVLA procedure with age for the two genders. 42 patients who suffered from venous ulcers in the lower limbs of the human body were treated with a 1470-nm diode laser. So, the correlation coefficient wasfor males and for females

In this paper, a theoretical model for electron transport through
symmetric system consisting of two baths interferometer with one
single-level quantum dot in each of its arms was considered. In this
model, the dots are attached to ferromagnetic leads with parallel and
antiparallel magnetic configurations. Green's function technique in this
model was used. Our focus is on the Transport characteristics of
conductance (G) and tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR). A special
attention to the influence of an applied magnetics flux on the
characteristics of conductance and tunneling magnetoresistance was
paid. Concerning the study of the conductance, it was found that the
effect of bonding (antibonding) states is most obvious in quantum dots
at various values of the magnetic field. The change in spin-polarization
value was seen to affect the increase and decrease in the conductance
value. We noticed a difference in calculation of TMR in the bonding
and the antibonding states, where the results show Strong dissonance in
bonding state and strong attraction in antibonding state.

The software package for interacting boson model-1 and for the geometrical boson model has been used to calculate energy levels and potential energy surfaces for and by estimating a set of parameters which are used to predict the behavior of even-even and isotones. According to a framework, the interaction is prominent between the twoparameters(and). This means that vibrational structures are constant rises with opposite of rotational. Thus, the potential energy surfaces are considered as apointer of and distortions for even-even and isotones. The behaviors of the potential energysurfaces with minimum β (-0.84356,-0.39928, and -0.19045) have circular contours centered at this point that indicates a good agreement with the typical axially symmetric limits. The results of the calculated energy levels were in acceptable agreement with the experimental data. There is no pure vibrational property of these isotones which is clearly shown in the behavior of potential energy surfaces.

In this work, the chromodynamics (QCD) theory was used to investigate the photon rate which was produced in interactions of anti-charm with gluon. The simple quantum scenario theory was implemented to give the rate equation that describe the collision of quark and gluon at a chemical potential .The photon emission rate was evaluated from anti-charm-gluon interaction of the ̅g →̅γ collision at the temperature of the system in the range of 180 -360 MeV with different critical temperatures (e.g. 116.575 , 139.891, 157.377 and 174.863 MeV) with photons energy GeV under the assumption that fugacity of quark and gluon are =0.08 and ̅=0.02 respectively . The photons rate increases with decreasing the coupling of quark and gluon according to decrease in the temperature of the system from 360 MeV to 180 MeV. The photon emission spectrum was calculated and discussed using photon energy of 1GeVto 10GeV with different critical temperatures. In terms of QCD theory, quantitative accomplishment was made for a unique six flavour number nf= 4 + 2 of photon emission. The photon rate reach minimum with photon energy E=10 GeV, it reflects the less coupling for the ̅g →̅γ interaction.