Journal of Kufa - physics

Satellite images are the essential data source for analyzing and monitoring land cover on various time scales, particularly across large regions. Landsat satellite data with a medium resolution was used to estimate land cover change over a 40-year period.This data contains information on land use and land cover patterns, is now freely available in the international archives. The LULC Remote Sensing Study assists in the ongoing detection and mitigation of crucial habitat risks to protect the environment. Sentinel-2, a satellite mission launched by the European Space Agency between 2015 and 2017 that uses high-resolution 10-day time-lapse multispectral data, gives a new opportunity for ground-based mapping and monitoring in the tropics. We employed 2015 ERDAS,a supervised classification method employing the maximum likelihood technique, to achieve this goal in Karbala/Iraq. This study examines if There is a significant difference in quality of data supplied by Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 photographs in terms of change-detection maps of land use and land coverfor 2017 and 2021, the results of two satellites were compared ,They showed that their overall accuracy increased by 2.07% for 2017 and 1.83% for 2021, which is more overall accuracy than Landsat-8

In this research, The uranium concentration in teeth samples were measured using a CR-39 track detector and the fission tracks registration method., for 25 samples of teeth distributed across Samawa City, each weighing (0.7) grams and (2) mm in thickness. Exposed done after preparing the samples into small spherical pellets covered with a 1x1cm2CR-39 detector . These samples with detectors together were irradiated using an (241Am-Be) source with a neutron flux (5x103 n.cm-2.s-1) for one week. These samples were compared with standard samples to find uranium concentration. The results show that the maximum value of uranium concentration was (2.273 ppm) and value of a minimum uranium concentration was (0.626 ppm) and the concentration of uranium in females was higher than in males, the concentration of uranium were affected by several factors: the region of study , gender and age of the human

Liquid zinc acetate nanoparticles were added to a fluorescent organic dye (fluorescein sodium) to prepare three concentrations (2 × 10-5, 7×10-5, 1×10-4)moI/L, and the absorbance of the dye was measured before and after adding Liquid nanomaterial by using two devices (SCINCO Mega-2100 UV/visible Spectrophotometer.) as well as measuring the flux of the dye before and after adding zinc acetate nanoparticles using the (Spectrofluorometer F96 PRO). The Stoke displacement (Δη), the radiative age (τfm), the fluorescence lifetime (τf), and the quantitative efficiency (Qfm) were calculated. Absorption and fluorescence curves were drawn using the Excel program. The MATLAB program was also used to measure the area under the absorption and fluorescence spectra curves. It was found that the fluorescence intensity of fluorescein sodium dye has increased compared to the intensity of fluorescence before adding the nanomaterial and thus increasing the quantitative efficiency, which in turn helps in improving the performance of the photovoltaic concentrator, resulting in an improvement in the efficiency of the solar cell.

n this research study composite materials (Epoxy resins / multi walled carbon nanotubes) were prepared by mixing ratio ofmulti walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (1,2,3 and 4 %wt.). The techniques were implementedby mixing blend epoxy resins with MWCNTs through magneticstirrer for 15min. Homogenize the blendwas carried out using thehomogenizer equipment ultrasonic liquid processor with high-intensity for 5min and followed by the addition of the hardener to the mixture. The molds prepared by casting EP/MWCNTs composite.The electrical conductivity of EP/MWCNTs compositewas obtained by A.C equipment.The results showed that there was an evolution from insulator state to semiconductor state when increasing the mixing ratios of MWCNTs. The electrical conductivity was improved by three orders than samples of pure epoxy resins matrix.

n this research study composite materials (Epoxy resins / multi walled carbon nanotubes) were prepared by mixing ratio ofmulti walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) (1,2,3 and 4 %wt.). The techniques were implementedby mixing blend epoxy resins with MWCNTs through magneticstirrer for 15min. Homogenize the blendwas carried out using thehomogenizer equipment ultrasonic liquid processor with high-intensity for 5min and followed by the addition of the hardener to the mixture. The molds prepared by casting EP/MWCNTs composite.The electrical conductivity of EP/MWCNTs compositewas obtained by A.C equipment.The results showed that there was an evolution from insulator state to semiconductor state when increasing the mixing ratios of MWCNTs. The electrical conductivity was improved by three orders than samples of pure epoxy resins matrix.

In this research, Zn/ZnO Nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared via the Pulse Laser Ablation (PLA) method using three liquids (Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water). Zn/ZnONPs were synthesized via an Nd-YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm, applied energy of 800 mJ, a frequency of 6 Hz, and 100 laser pulses at room temperature. The Zn metal plate was dipped in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water, respectively. The UV-Vis results shows sharp and single peaks at 320, 341, and 333 nm for Zn/ZnO NPs in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water respectively. FTIR testing shows peaks at about 500 cm−1for Zn/ZnO NPs in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water, which indicates Zn-O stretching vibrations. XRD investigation shows low-angle peaks at 23.31 ̊, 23.81 ̊, and 19.20 ̊ for Zn/ZnO NPs in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water, respectively. In addition, a sharp peak of high intensity was observed at 13.54 ̊ for Zn/ZnO Core/Shell NPs in Acetone. These peaks indicate that the structure is stable and undistorted. These patterns emphasize compact pore arrangements. The lower intensity of the gradient peaks indicates that ZnO formed at a preferred site. Nor did high-angle XRD patterns appear, indicating that the formed ZnO NPs are so small to be distinct from background noise or undetectable by widish angle XRD. The broad XRD peak at 2θ angles from 20° to 30° can also confirm that ZnO is low-crystalline. The TEM images show the presence of Zn/ZnO NPs in Ethanol, Acetone, and Distilled Water with a size of less than 50 nm, and TEM analysis confirms that the primary structure of Zn/ZnO NPs is a Core/Shell.