JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

The study is mainly concerned with the physical factors affecting
on association of carboxylic acids such as type of solvent, isomers,
conjugation and steric effect of acid.
The degree of association of carboxylic acid is depend on the type
of cis or trans isomer of acid. It is also increased by either increasing the
number of conjugated double bonds or by introducing a polar group,
taking into consideration a planer structure of acid.
Cis isomers of carboxylic acids prevent the association process by
formation of acid monomers, while trans isomers facilitate the formation
of dimers or polymers.
Finally exchange of solvent from non polar (benzene) to polar
(nitrobenzene), prevents the association process by formation of
monomers.

Histopathological and histochemical changes in the liver and
spleen tissues of mice which was treated with alcoholic extract of
Solanum nigrum and infected with secondary hydatid disease, were
investigated with an ultimate goal of determining the role which might be
played by the extract in modulating the immune system towards a better
response to the hydatid disease. Results demonstrate the appearance of
hepatomegaly and splenomegaly due to deposition of amyloidosis in liver
and spleen, in addition to other changes such as fatty changes and
hemosiderosis. Causes of these changes and the role played by the plant
extract, as an immunomodulator, were discussed.

The present study is concerned with the investigation of the activity
of some enzymes as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK),
alkaline phosphatase (ALP), xanthine oxidase (XO), adenosine deaminase
(ADA), cytidine deaminase (CDA), 5`-nucleotidase
(5`-NT), deoxyribonuclease (DNase), in serum of benign and malignant
brain tumor patients. Blood samples 93 from brain tumors patients, and
65 blood samples from healthy subjects as control group are collected for
the present study. The results obtained indicated a significant increase in
the activities of LDH, CK, CK-MB, ALP, XO, CDA, 5`-NT and DNase
in serum of benign and malignant brain tumor patients compared with
control group. A decrease in the activity of ADA was observed in
malignant patients only.

Wheat flour (WF) of 85% meal extraction was blended with or
without defatted soybean flour (DSF) meal and enriched with 50 or
100mg iron/kg diet. Experimental diets (WF control, WF+50mg iron,
WF+100mg iron, WF+50g DSF, WF+50g DSF+50mg iron and WF+50g
DSF+100mg iron) were prepared and used for protein digestibility and
hemoglobin regeneration efficiency studies. Sixty male weanling albino
rats were used as a biological and experimental model for this study, rats
were divided into two equal major groups. The first group (healthy rats)
divided into six subgroups according to the hemoglobin (Hb) value fed
experimental diets separately for 10 days period. The second group was
iron depleted by removing 20-25 drops of blood from ocular vein by using
capillary tube and considered to be anemic rats, divided and fed diets as a
above. Analysis of variance showed that, the protein digestibility index of
the healthy rats was higher than that index of the anemic rats. Apparent
iron absorption was positively proportional to the dietary iron enrichment.
DSF protein was improved the dietary iron absorption of the rats. The
dietary iron absorption of the anemic rats was higher than that absorption
of the healthy rats. Hb value, Hb iron gain and HRE were increased with
increase dietary iron level (18-121mg/kg diet) in both trails of rats. HRE%
of the anemic rats was higher than that ratio of the healthy rats.
WF+50gDSF+50gm iron diet was found to improve protein digestibility,
dietary iron absorption and HRE in rats.

The aim of this paper is to establish a new formula of generalized
curvature discussed with the help of decomposition theorem which is
used to obtain generalized curvature for algebraic curves by using some
concepts of nonstandard analysis given by Robinson A. and axiomatized
by Nelson E.

In this paper we study the existence and approximation of the
periodic solutions for a system of first order nonlinear differential
equations by assuming that each of the functions f (t, x, y),g(t, x, y)are
measurable at t and bounded by Lebesgue integrable functions.
The numerical-analytic method has been used to study the periodic
solutions of ordinary differential equations which were introduced by A.
M. Samoilenko.

In this paper we study the existence and approximation of the
periodic solutions for certain systems of second-order of integrodifferential equations unsolvable for the highest derivative by using the
numerical analytic method for ordinary differential equations of A. M.
Samoilenko which given. Also these investigation lead us to the
improving the extending the above method.

Two point boundary value problems (TPBVP) arise naturally in the
process of solving partial differential equations. Methods based on
shooting, finite difference and collocation are well known in the literature
and well represented also in standard software. Methods based on wavelet
representation of the solution are relatively new and may very much be
dependent on the type of wavelet to be used. We select several standard
TPBVP problems, run our wavelet algorithm and compare its
performance and results to those obtainable from PASVA. As a standard
algorithm PASVA is well known for its outstanding performance on nonperturbation and mildly perturbation ordinary differential equations,
while wavelets (considering their rich variety and neat representation)
allow new ideas to be incorporated in order to enhance the performance
of existing software. This paper documents preliminary results of our
numerical experiments.

Emotion recognition in speech studies has grown after the growing
of speech recognition technologies. The aim of such studies is to make
language interfaces in human-computer interaction applications more
wide in use and to make it efficient. And it may help the studiers of the
human sound areas.
This study deals with four spoken sentences of sixteen short
utterance expressing five emotions: a happiness, anger, sadness, fear, and
normal (unemotional) state. The feature extraction techniques are used to
capture the most important information of the signal, this process is
applied in the time domain. The extracted feature vector contain 12 LPC
(linear predictive coding) parameters, the pitch, the power, and the three
first formant frequencies. While in the second part of the system (the
emotion recognizer) the artificial neural network technology is used, the
Emotion Recognition in Speech…..
104
designing network is with feedforward backpropagation. This design
used ten separated nets. each one make a decision whether the spoken
sentence is belong to one of only tow emotions. So the computational
time is increased with this system, while such a system has better
performance with respect to other systems.
The designed system could recognize all emotions with ratio 75%
except the fear one which recognized in ratio of 50%.

The problem of optimizing a certain systems as a function of time
may be formulated in terms of maximizing or minimizing a non-linear
cost function. It was found that a Dynamic Programming (DP) algorithm
was particularly efficient procedure for solving this problem compared
with an alternative nonlinear programming method.
In this work, a new CG method with dynamical retards is generalized and
combined in a dynamical way with non-monotone globalization strategies
to obtain a new type CG-algorithm for minimizing non-quadratic
functions that can deal efficiently with large scale nonlinear optimization
problems.

In this work, comparative isothermal and differential thermal
analysis of epoxy-polyurea / metal blends were investigated. IGA
measurements show fast loss in weight in the first 20 minutes before they
reached a constant weight, while the period where about 25 minutes for
epoxy alone. This behaviour was explained by the strong network formed
by the polyurea complex with epoxy which diminshes its decomposition.
Meanwhile, DTA thermograms of most belnds show two distinct
exotherms (T2 and T4) while these exotherms are small and not clear in
case of epoxy alone. This behaviour may explained by the presence of the
metal ions through the blends which promotes the oxidation process.

The study was included the determination of the antioxidants levels
of heavy duty workers in Mosul city (Workers in vegetable and fruit
markets, Building workers and Grinder workers). The antioxidants
investigated were: Vitamin E, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, Folic acid,
Celuroplasmin (Cp.), Selenium, Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde
(MDA) and Uric acid. Heavy duty workers (74) and control group with
the same age (37) were included in the research .
The results showed that there were significant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in:
vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin C, and GSH, but, there were significant
increase for folic acid and MDA for heavy duty workers when compared
to control group. Moreover the antioxidants levels were decreased
significantly in heavy duty smoker workers as compared with control
group for the parameters: vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin C, and GSH. On
the other hand, there was a significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) for selenium,
Cp. and MDA. Moreover, with increasing the period of working, the
results showed a significant decrease in vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin C,
and GSH, but, a significant increase in folic acid, selenium and MDA.
Conclusion drawn for the study, that high oxidative stress was
occurred for the heavy duty workers leading to a significant decrease in
the measured antioxidants. This might affect by producing several
diseases, especially smoking workers.

Callus was stimulated from leaves and stems explants of Pea
seedlings on MS media supplemented with growth regulators. Medium
containing 1.5 mg/L BA and 2.0 mg/L NAA was the most favorable for
callus induction from leaves. Whereas MS medium containing 2.0 mg/L
BA and 4.0 mg/L IAA was the best for stem callus. Selection of resistant
callus to the virulent strains of Fusarium solani was examined from
culture medium that contain the concentration 2.5, 5.0 7.5, 10.0, 12.5.
15.5. 17.5 and 20.0 % of filtrates. The concentration which allowed
selection were 10.0 and 12.5 %. Regeneration of pea plants from callus of
leaves and stems were resisted the toxic effects of filtrate. In spite of
reduction of the regeneration ability of the resistant callus up to 45 and
26% derived from leave and steam respectively compared with control.
The chromosome number assay showed no difference between resistant
and control plants, Pea plant regenerated from tolerate callus exhibited
clear resistance when inoculated with virulent fungi.

The study was conducted at the University of Mosul, College of
Education , Biology Dept . to study the effect of soil pollution with heavy
metals (Cadmium , Lead , Nickel and Zinc )each one separately in a
concentration of (1.00) mM/kg of soil. By applying on 3 cultivars of
wheat (Umm Rabee”, Al-waha ,Corfella). Was studied directed to
measure the growth, and other physiological .aspects of the wheat plant:
(Triticum aestivum L.).The results shows that addition of (Cadmium,
Lead ,Nickel and Zinc ) to the soli caused decrease in plant growth ,As
the decrease in dry weight of shoot plants and root plants .The results
proved reduced leaf relative water content and the degree of stability of
cytoplasmic membrane whith an increase in the proline accumulation in
the leaf tissues .

This study was conducted for evaluating laboratory diagnosis
reality of Salmonella typhi which causes typhoid fever that is considered
one of an important health problems in Iraq. Questionnaire study
showed, that physicians depend on both of laboratory results and clinical
symptoms in order to diagnose typhoid fever (83.6) % and there is an
limited dependence on clinical symptoms only (13.7) % or laboratory
results only (2.7)% . There are a high rate of these physicians (78)%stated
that there were insufficient accuracy about Widal test which is considered
the unique laboratory test used by laboratories, also, results showed that
Widal test represents (95.6)% of laboratory methods which is used to
diagnose Salmonella typhi and culturing methods is limited (4.4)% or not
existed .
When Widal test results were evaluated which is done in different
health analysing laboratories in Nenavah province by using Widal test
(dilution method) the results showed great differences of results whether
result type (positive or negative) or kind of antigens which showed
positive results.
When leukocyte count was used as a test to support the diagnosis of
typhoid fever, it was shown that there is a relation between typhoid fever
and decreasing leukocyte count in these patients.

The study involved the isolation and characterization of some
species of bacteria caused the wound infections. A number of (180) pus
samples were collected from patients suffering from infected wounds.
Myrtus communis under studying the
inhib
as determined and the results
showed that the (MIC) for the alcoholic extract of the fruit of Myrtus
communis was (0.25) mg/cm3
.
According to the results, th lic extract of the fruit of Myrtus
ed a
good effect in h
Staph. aureus

The Staphylococcus aureus were isolated and characterized in (29%)
percentage according to the other bacterial species.
The alcoholic extract of
itory effect in the isolations bacteria, this extract showed high
inhibitory effect on the isolated bacteria from the infected wounds and
Staph. aureus was the most susceptible bacteria species against this
extract.
The (MIC) for the tested bacteria w
e alcoho
communis was selected to test its activity In vivo, so the extract show
ealing and curing the infected experimental wounds by
the in white mice strain BALB/c in a period of less than ten
days, as it is clear in pictures of this study.

In this study callas stimulated from cotyledons explants of
carnation seedlings cultured on MS media supplemented with 0.1 mg/L
of BA and 0.5 mg/L of 2,4-D was used . The ability of cotyledons callus
for regeneration on MS media supplemented with different concentrations
(0.5-3.0 ) mg/L of BA combined with different concentrations ( 0.1-1.0)
mg/L of NAA or 2,4-D was tested . The best regeneration medium was
MS with 2.5 mg/L of BA and 0.5 mg/L of NAA . Selection of resistant
callus to the virulent strains of Fusarium oxysporum. f.sp. diunthi was
examined from culture medium contained the concentrations 2.5, 5.0 ,
7.5, 10.0 12.5,15.0,17.5 . 20.0 and 25% of fungal filtrates. The
concentrations which allowed selection after three cycles (20 days /cycle)
of selection were 12.5 and 15.0% . The resistant callus showed a high
level of peroxidases enzymes activity . Carnation plants which
regenerated from callus of cotyledons were resistant the toxic effect of
fungal filtrate, in spite of reduction of the regeneration ability of the
resistant callus up to 43.7% compared with the control plants . Carnation
plant regenerated from tolerante callus exhibited clear resistance when
inoculated with the virulent fungi .

Effect of optical feedback (O.F) on AlGaInP semiconductor laser
properties and intensity modulation has been studied experimentally.
Threshold current of semiconductor laser decreased 1mA when O.F equal to
160µW , while there is no significant decreases observed in threshold current
both when increasing O.F above that value or less than it. Influence of O.F
on amplitude modulation spectrum at frequencies modulation (0.123,0.246,
0.546, 1.2)MHz has been studied. Fundamentals harmonic spectrum peaks
increased with O.F especially at frequency modulation (1.2)MHz , whereas
opposite effect of O.F observed on Fundamentals harmonic spectrum peaks at
frequency 132kHz, since it decreased with O.F . O.F participate in decreasing
of relative intensity noise (RIN) just at frequencies modulation(0.264, 0.546,
1.2)MHz with appearance of Flicker noise at frequency 132kHz. Signal to
noise ratio (SNR) increased with O.F especially at frequency modulation
equal to 1.2MHz has been observed.

In this paper, we study an existence and uniqueness of the
solutions for some nonlinear differential equations which has fractional
order

, in the case
0   1
, by using the picard approximation method
.and through this study we obtained on many computation in the solutions
of the existence and uniqueness theorems for the same fractional
nonlinear differential equations. Further more this study development
and extended the previous method , such that the solutions and
computations which has been obtained became more general and
universal.

As it is known the process encounter the researchers who are
working in spatial statistics, in mining fields about ores, ground water,
and agriculture and engineering sciences and ecology. From these
experiences one concludes that the data have not normal distribution or
approximated to normal distribution which is usually,supposed in
theoretical side of studying spatial process. In this research we discuss the
robust estimation of variogram function which is considered as effective
tool in studying and prediction of stochastic process and also when the
stochastic process is far or approximated the normal distribution. We
show here the transformation of fourth root by using with and without MEstimation method that result real stationary estimation of variogram
function. The robust variogram function is applied on real data and
another real data containing outliers. The results are encouraging.

The research aim is to design a system that help the user which want
agriculture some of types of plantago with adequate way without losing
in effort, Time & money through designing of general computer database
about this plantago & understanding its behavior and sensitivity to light
and temperature by connecting database with fuzzy logic, so number from
fuzzy logical bases are shaping to know the growth ratio for the seeds of
a number from the kinds of the planted plantago, the membership
functions connecting within the every one of its variables.
We connect Backpropagation Neural Network with Fuzzy Logic to
appoint the Type (classifying) of Plantago which growths .
The database is designed by using(Microsoft Access)and is
programmed by using Visual Basic Ver. 6 and works With Windows
Me