Kirkuk Journal of Science

The buried underground or underwater metallic parts suffer from the chemical or
hydrochemical corrosion effect.In this paper the later effect will be studied that is
caused by the current generated between the metal parts ( the positive pole ) and the
ground( the negative pole)through water or the wet soil.The flowing current will change
the iron molecules in to positive ions which react with oh ions and cause the rust
(ferric hydroxide)of chemical symbol Fe(OH)
3
.By the supply of an external DC the
generated current will stop from flowing between the metal and ground since the
positive pole will be neutralized and then become negative.For designing the cathodic
protection it is necessary to measure the created currents and voltage causing corrosion
according to the soil environment condition therefore the soil test is the main factor for
the design purposes.This work will help in knowing the size of the station generating
current and voltage that is locally required directly at the site after taking the
measurements by the suggested designed instruments in the paper for this purpose, as
shown in the data taken practically.

The study is concerned with geochemical evaluation of heavy metals pollution in
Kirkuk soil,northern Iraq.Samples were collected from twenty–eight locations of
surface soils at Kirkuk industrial quarter.The results obtained from heavy metals
determination in this study showed that the concentration of Pb ranged from 71 to 433
mg/kg,Ni concentration was from 49 to 285mg/kg,Zn ranged from 32to 186
mg/kg,Cd,Cr and Cu were in the range from 1.0 to 4.9 mg/kg,15 to 198 mg/kg and 24 to
182 mg/kg respectively.Variance coefficients revealed that one group of metals affected
by anthropogenic pollution.Principal component analysis extracted two major
components:PC1 with high loading of Cd,Pb,Ni, and Cr is suggested to be the result of
industrial activities and PC2 with contribution of Zn and Cu due to use of soil
constituent processes or anthropogenic influences.Assessment of environmental state of
soil by means of geochemical load indices(GLI)calculated for each metal showed that
concentration of heavy metals were great in elements Pb(2.1)and Cd(3.55) show
moderately to high pollution at Kirkuk industrial quarter soil .

Ceramic wall and floor tiles which compiled to the Iraqi Standards no.
1704/6/1997 and 1704/5/1997 were prepared from local raw materials. These raw
materials are Amij kaolinitic clay ,bentonite clay or Safra Beds in Western Desert and
alluvial sand of Euphrates River from Al-Ramadi Town in addition cullet from the
Factory of Ceramic and Glass in Al-Ramadi..12 mixes were prepared having different
mixtures from the raw material above and fired at 1050C˚,1100C˚ and 1150C˚ The
result shows that some of the mixtures did not comply with the standards above and
some are complied. The optimum condition and mixes witch comply the standards
above are D2 (69% Amij kaolinitic clay, 1% bentonite,20% river sand and 10% cullet)
fired at 1100C˚ and C3(60% Amij kaolinitic clay, 2% bentonite ,23% river sand and
15%cullet) fired at 1150C˚.

In this work Different weight of pure Copper,Nickel,Cobalt and Iron fine powders
were blended carefully with engine Oil.X-ray fluorescence system was operated at
30KV and 17mA,the XRF intensities of Kα lines for all samples were measured at the
peak and at background.The Lower Limit detection (LLD) and Sensitivity (m) of XRF
Spectrometer were determined for different metal particles with different Concentrations
(Wt%).The results of LLD and sensitivity of all suspended samples were plotted as a
function of concentration , and the average values of LLD and m were calculated and
plotted as a function of atomic number of metal particles suspended in engine oil.

This study determines the nature of microbial wound colonization in191 patients
with wound infection attending Internal Lab of Teaching Hospital and Emergency
Hospital in Erbil city during the period 1-January-2007 to31-July-2007.A total of 241
bacterial isolates were identified after culturing the swabs on different culture media.
The results indicated that the most frequent isolates were Staphylococcus aureus
(32.78%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (24.90%) , Escherichia coli(14.94%), Enterobacter
spp. (9.96%), Proteus mirabilis (8.71%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.64%) ,Klebsiella
oxytoca (1.24%) and Citrobacter freundii (0.83%). Most of the isolates showed high
level resistance to commonly available antibiotic. The present study also undertaken to
assess the antimicrobial effect of aqueous,methanol and ethanol extracts of Quercus
infectoria on the isolated bacterial species.The minimum inhibitory concentration
(MIC) of ethanolic extract on Staphylococcus aureus was 3.125 mg/ml and that effect
on Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Citrobacte freundii were 6.25 mg/ml
while the aqueous, methanolic and ethanolic extracts had effect at 25.0,12.5 and 6.25
mg/ml respectively on Pseudomonas aeruginosa Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella
pneumonia respectively.

In this investigation, the effective factors on the addition rate for hydroxy methyl and
cynomethyl free radicals to some alkenes have been studied using quantum mechanics
methods. Where in this study, physical properties like the electron density on the two
carbon atoms which participate in the free radical addition on alkene has been studied.
These two carbon atoms are: the one which hold the single electron in the free radical
and the second which is the unsubstituted carbon in the alkene. Also, the energy level
HOMO, LUMO and SOMO have been calculated. In addition, the relations between the
log of the addition rate constant of the free radical into the alkene and the electronic
properties mentioned above have been investigated. The results have shown that the
polarity, ionization potential, the energy levels HOMO & LUMO and the steric
hinderance are the main effective factors in the determination of the addition rate
constant for the free radicals into the alkenes.

Potssium bromate (KBrO3) is an oxidizing agent that has been used as a food
additive , mainly in the bread making process. Amethod is proposed for the
determination of bromate based on the oxidation of congo red and crystal violet
dyes in a hydrochloric acid medium .Application of spectroscopy for determining
bromate in bread was described , fifteen samples of bread , made from flour
treated with potassium bromate , was collected from different regions in Hawler,
Iraq. The residual bromate level in the analyzed bread samples were in the range
from 6.66mg/L to 67.45mg/L The accuracy and precision of the method are discussed.

samples of high temperature superconductors(Bi2 Ba2 Ca1 Cu2 O7-δ) [System2212] were
prepared by solid state reaction method with different sintering temperature (i.e790,830,860,890).
C°
X-ray analysis techniques were used to examine the structure of the compound, the study
showed ,that the sample prepared during sintering temparture at 860 ċ exhibite tetragonal phase
with lattice parameter, (a=b=5.43A°
,c=31.55 A
°
) while the compound prepared at 890C°
Exhibit achange of structure from (tetragonal to orthorhombic) phase this is due to decreasing
in(c) axise and increasing in the other two axises (a,b)and the value of lattice parameters were
a=5.45A
°
, b=5.48A
°
,c=30,9 5A
°
Electric resistivity method were used to determine the critica temperature T
of these compounds using liquid nitrogen cryostat
the compounds prepared at [790,830,860 and 890]. C°Showed Tc volues of [89, 101.5,121.0
and85]k respective and the values of Oxygen content is[6.25,6.43,6.51,and6.75]
The change of TC values can be explained on the basis that increasing the sintering
temperature produces a more uniform crystal structure and an increased oxygen
content in the compound .

A few of so-called magnetic hills that appear in some regions of Kurdistan-Iraq were
studied.These kinds of hills are downhill but look like an uphill slope and have names
like(Hunted Hill),(Magnetic Hill) or(Anti-gravity Hill)in literatures,reflecting attribution
of the properties of the area as supernatural or magnetism. The gravity, magnetic field
and the slope of the hills has been calculated.We investigated that no supernatural forces
found at work in these places and the slope of these two hills are optical illusions
produced by the local topography that makes a downhill to look like an uphill slope4

Been studied the influence of temperature on the electrical conductivity properties of
the alloy samples Fe0.70-xVxAl0.30 manner, and processed electric arc furnaces, which
enters as an additive component vanadium concentration of extenuating equal to (0.02
and 0.06 and 0.10 and 0.20 and 0.30) in the Over the temperature was 300K to 500K to
calculate the values of activation energy and determine the type of electric charge
carriers. The measurements showed that the connectivity of the samples increases
electrical conductivity, up from both the temperature and the concentration of vanadium
element in the alloy, it was noted that the energies of these samples in the revitalization
of different values, which indicates the existence of different mechanisms for the
delivery of which was becoming increasing temperature and values less than the values
of the energy gap, shown the results of the measurements that the electrons are the
majority of the positive electric load in the samples.

In this work,we give generalizations for the concepts essential submodule and
uniform module.We call an R-submodule N of M semi-essential if N∩P≠0 for each
nonzero prime R- submodule P of M, and we call an R- module M semi - uniform if
every nonzero R-submodule N of M is semi-essential. Moreover, we generalize some
properties of essential R-submodules to semi-essential R-submodules,and we generalize
some properties of uniform R-modules to semi-uniform R-module. We also give
conditions under them an R-submodule N of a multiplication R- module M becomes
semi- essential. Furthermore, we give some conditions under them an R-module M
satisfies ACC(DCC) on semi-essential R-submodules.

This study was conducted during winter season of 2007-2008 in one of AlMadhooriya village fields of section 13 Haweeja Al-Ulia (upper Haweeja), Karkuk to
investigate the effect of four different water sources available in the area on growth and
yield of two bread wheat varieties (Abu-Ghraib72 and Sham 6).
A split plot design been followed with three replications. The main plots represented by
the varieties while the four water sources (Water from Kirkuk Irrigation Project, Well
water of 100 m depth, Well water of 60 m depth and Water from Haweeja Irrigation
Project) represented the sub plot.
Results showed significant differences between the two varieties in plant height,
spike length and weight of 1000 grains and this might be genetically related
characteristics and reflex the varietal differences, at the mean time, no such differences
been observed in grain/spike, grain yield (kg/ha) and harvest index which refer to that
both varieties are suitable to the area. The results also showed significant differences
among the type of irrigation waters in all measured parameters, and the water from
Karkuk Irrigation Project was greater in all these parameters. The combination of AbuGhraib27 variety with water from Karkuk Irrigation Project predominated other
combinations in plant height and spike length while Sham 6 variety with water from
Karkuk Irrigation Project predominated in grain/spike, weight of 1000 grains, grain yield
and harvest index.
There were no significant differences between Well water of 100 m depth and
Water from Haweeja Irrigation Project in grain yield with Abu-Ghraib27 variety, and the
same thing with Sham 6 variety between Well water of 60 m depth and Water from
Haweeja Irrigation Project regardless yield difference between the two varieties.
This study indicated to the fact that Abu-Ghraib27 variety is more resistant to the type of
irrigation waters than Sham 6, and that there is no difference between Well water of 60 m
depth and Water from Haweeja Irrigation Project in most measured parameters with
Sham 6.
It has been noticed positive correlation between the grain yield and all of other
studied parameters and less correlation coefficient between harvest index and each of
plant height and spike length which means higher plants or longest spike not necessarily
leads to higher yield or higher biomass and then higher harvest index.
This Study confirmed the necessity of irrigation with water from Karkuk Irrigation
Project for both Abu-Ghraib27 and Sham 6 varieties and it is possible to irrigate AbuGhraib27 variety with well water of 60 m depth and water from Haweeja Irrigation
Project

In this paper we continue to study the concept of YJ-injectivity which was first
introduced by Ming in 1985. Furthermore, we give some characterizations and
properties for it. Also, we give a sufficient condition for right weakly -regular ring to
be strongly -regular. Finally, we give other results of SYJ-rings and connect it with
other types of rings such as weakly -regular, reduced ring and strongly regular ring.

Two biolit areas were selected within different climatic conditions in northern Iraq
(Kurdistan region). Four pedons located in Ibraheemawa and five pedon in Salehaga
areas. The two locationswere used for rain feed crop production. The two areas was
covered with a detailed soil survey. Mapping units were obtained from Al-Agidi
proposed soil classification at the series level for the Iraqi alluvial & zonal soils.Nine
pedons representing the most extensive dominant soil series within the two locations
were selected. A complete soil characterization was made for each soil series which
include, PSD, ECe, Lime, O.M, active lime, PH, C.E.C, B.S.P, and C.E. to reveal their
genesis (formations & development). Characterization was made preceded by
morphological studies .The results show that a great effects of climatic conditions on
the status of soil development reflected by horizons type , soil thickness and type of
diagnostic horizons including surface and sub surface horizons . Also the results clearly
showed the effects of climatic conditions on the amount and pattern of distribution for
most soil components .The studied pedons at Ibrahimawa region were more developed
than those at Salehaga region due to the difference in climatic conditions.

The toxicity study results of Chemosbane %40.8 E.C, Chlorovite %48 E.C, Demone %25.3 E.C, Dursbane %40.8 E.C, Rigente %50 Sc, and Tirmedor %25 E.C, Insecticides on termite workers (Microcerotermes diversus Silv.) revealed that tirmedor and Chlorovite exhibt a superior toxicity effect on termite in comparison with the other tested insecticides and their LC50 reached 0.0031, 0.0035 respectively. Tirmedor also showed a high efficiency in protecting sycamore wood (Platanus orientalis) for 15 months from termite infestation with %80 mortality in termite workers. The expansion of wood protection period from termite infestation achieved by increasing insecticides concentration and using wood imersion method instead of wood spraying method.