AL-MANSOUR JOURNAL

The Randomness is one of the basic criterions to measure Key Generator Efficiency. The key generator depends basically on Linear FeedBack Shift Register which is considered as one of the basic units of Stream Cipher Systems. In this paper, the autocorrelation postulate, which one of the basis of Randomness criteria, is calculated theoretically for non-linear key generator before it be implemented or constructed (software or hardware), this procedure save time and costs. Two non-linear key generators are chosen to apply the theoretical studies, these key generators are the Product and Brüer.

Every state all over this world can't survive and keep on achieving its project
withoutkfinancial income.Even the existence of all states rely on bases of
finance .various types of government cant keep on with their activities without
considering their financial affairs ,whether in simple state or composite state ,
unified ,because the need to revenues is the main point for all forms of the
states.
But the important thing we will discuss is how will be the allocation of
income in federal states, this matter may raise many problems, and issues that
might rise conflicts, and enter the crossroads that we should choice one of
them.
More over the important of this topic seems as result of the federal shape
which Iraq adopted. Therefore we must research about this changing because
it is a new move whether in political or financial field in Iraq to avoid any
mistake in application.
It is well known to reader what we mean by federalism as form of governance
where the authorities are constitutionally divided between central government
and smaller units (provinces, states) .in other words optional union between
the states of the federated states, lead to its transformation to a single legal or
political system and with the retention of these parts of the united personal
privacy and identity, and there is delegation of the central union of some of the
joint powers authority with the retention of some of these parts or the states .
And thus we note that retain include the power of legislative, executive and
independent judiciary within the constitutional sphere, is well known, the
possibility of the adoption of the central government fiscal policy to reduce the
competence of states in various ways, including the granting of aid, whether
conditional or no, even to financing of projects or to fill the provinces deficit in
its treasury, or other needs.
د. بان صلاح الصالحي Alsalhi. S Ban. Dr
10 2009 الاول تشــرین 25-24 العــاشـر العلمــي المؤتمـــر th Scientific Conference 24-25 Oct.2009
In order to avoid the difficulties and problems mast follow the federal
constitution , the foundation upon which all the institution of the state are
depend and built their respective responsibilities , and thus may provide more
explicit on how the allocation of revenues between the state and federal
provinces .
On the other hand, highlights role of the state budget, as is general budget of
the federal state, which is the method of organization of state revenues and
expenditures, and thus is an essential tool for the organization of the provinces
quota of income, contribute the executive and the legislative as representative
of people to developed and approved the state by it.
There are many reasons which may be taken into consideration when
determining the quotas, one of these factors is the contribution of the state in
federal state in general, and the possibilities of each state and its own
resources that can be used as private resources, as well as geographic and
environmental differences, differences in population …
Thus, we can in accordance that principles find ways to allocate the federal
state revenues.

In this paper, we will study [Lee, Kim and Yoo, a verifier password typed key agreement] scheme and demonstrate that the scheme is not secure. Then, the authors will propose an enhanced verifier typed key agreement scheme relied on [Lee, Kim and Yoo] scheme and demonstrate that the propose scheme resists against password guessing attack and stolen verifier attack. [The authors are] claimed that the proposed scheme is more secure and efficient compare with [Lee, Kim and Yoo] which is still existed protocol.

The revolution in the computer technologies and usage of computer in AI & Intelligence Tutoring Systems in different researches to produce numerous studies in the field of the computer assist learning and training in the field of education & training there are many concepts about AI&ITS .
It is method helping the computer in representing the human activities of needing special skills and experiences & intelligent decision making, or it is a process of computer programming making the computer capable for logical education and operations execution which need high level intelligence.
The artificial intelligence & ITS could be applied in the following areas:

1. Game theory
2. Improvement of different theories
3. General problem-Solving
4. Expert problem-solving Which contains :
a- Mathematical symbols
b- Medical diagnosis
c- Chemical analysis
d- Engineering design

This research focuses on how AI & ITS and It's applications as a tool supporting for learning and education Process.

The issue of Iraq’s membership in the World Trade Organization (WTO) has been subject for discussions and dialogue for sometime.
The paper aims to analyse the effects of Iraqi membership in the (WTO) on the Iraqi industry and economy in order to judge as to whether this membership is beneficial or not. It discusses the positive as well as the negative effects of membership on Iraq, then a presentation of the two conflicting points of view on joining the (WTO) is curried out.
After giving a general evaluation to the whole issue the paper ends with the major conclusions and recommendations in order to minimize the losses incurred from joining the organization.

Image enhancement plays an important role in many machine vision applications such as noise smoothing and edge enhancing. Anisotropic diffusion filtering is a popular, and theoretically well understood, technique for denoising images such that it provides smoothing of intra-region areas preferentially over inter-region areas, thereby providing a good prospective tool for removing unwanted noise and preserving the edges of desired objects.
In this paper a color image is enhanced using a new edge –stopping function for anisotropic diffusion algorithm to improve the performance of the anisotropic diffusion filter.
The experimental results show that the new edge-stopping function of the anisotropic diffusion filter can gives better performance compared with the previously employed diffusivity functions for enhancing the colored image. The comparisons are based on Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Mean Structural Similarity Index value (MSSIM) measurements. Experiments show that the anisotropic diffusion filter with the new function can effectively remove noise from low PSNR images with minimum edge blurring.

The Internal Control in it is accounting concept is a tool of prevent and discover for financial affairs .It is from prevent side point of view updated the procedures for management which take place for prevent the financial frauds. From discover side it is done by specialized people and they have knowledge about the ways for release of the funds and it is confirmation and expenditure.
All procedures and polices relate to the reliability of financial reporting timely feedback on the achievement of operational of strategic goals and compliance with laws regulations.
From other side the Internal control refers to the actions taken to achieve a specific objectives(e.g., how to ensure the Organization payments to third parties are for valid services rendered).Internal Control procedures reduce process variation leading to more predictable outcome.
Through the target meaning the internal control means the guide which prevent the financial deterioration which means take the funds with out of rights by cheating methods.
From the above mentioned we conclusion that the internal officials will be with high skills and professional for signalize the errors and take care with discovery and prevent control For that internal control plays an important role in the prevention and detection of fraud.

Brick production in Iraq is considered among the first modern industries and the most developed, and of a strongest affect in the international economy. Planning for this industry in a crucial matter since brick is one of the main materials that its availability highly affects carrying out constructive and economic projects. Therefore, studies have been prepared for the future of this industry in order to promote, develop and expand it.
The aim of this paper is to prohibit the amounts of Iraqi produced brick for the future period ( 2010 – 2019 ) by using the best suitable Box Jencks models
(B-J).
This paper has arrived at a number of conclusions: the best used model is ARIMA (0,1,2), we also found that the lowest levels of prohibition might be negative, this refers that it is in a case of great need for this material. The local production might not be enough; therefore, the country will be obliged to import the needed amount from abroad, taking into consideration that most brick factories in Iraq do not have the modern technologies and follow old methods in its industries which lead to slow and little amount of production.
We recommend using the model arrived at in Box Jencks (B-J) method in order to make use of it in planning and prohibiting for future times. We also recommend the dependence on the prohibiting values derived from applying the model in designing the future plans. The country now is in great need for a vast reconstruction process; therefore, we recommend the increase of brick production and to expand the number of new modern factories to produce this important material

Most programs needed to be written in a way that are aware of the existence of each other and which can co-operate with each other towards some common goal. The standard solution to this problem is interprocess communication mechanisms (IPC). Any IPC mechanism is chosen, there is still the context switch overhead to contend with whenever normal processes need to work together. The way to overcome this is to use the concept of threads. The idea behind threads is that each process can have its processor time slices shared between several concurrent threads, each of which also shares the memory and data structures of the process to which it belongs.
In this paper a new and simple user level threads library is presented. This library can be easily used by the programmers to gain the benefits of threads. As an application a solution to the unbounded buffer problem is implemented using the developed thread library. C language under Linux Operating system is used for programming.

The present paper investigates the effects of an estimated parameter by Iterative Process for Non-Gaussian Moving Average Model from first order on power spectral density function ( or PSD) for samples of different sizes and parameter’s initial values of different values and signs, regarding that random errors distribute either discrete or continuous. This is done by a simulation study. Among the important findings are (1) PSD values increase when the parameter sign is (-) and decrease when it is ( +) for all discrete and continuous distributions; (2) PSD values increase when the sample size is deceasing ; and (3) PSD values in discrete distribution is less than those in continuous distribution.

After the 1973, there are several Public Key Cryptosystems are developments, all systems based on hard mathematical problems such as Discrete Logarithm, Integer Factorization, Subset, or Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problem. Which problems are defined over Finite Abelian Group. In this paper we proposes new concept in the public key system that is depend on complex numbers field. The complex numbers can be define over Finite Field to construct an Abelian Group under addition and multiplication operations, we call it Complex Finite Field. There are a hard mathematical problem is proposed in the constructed group we call it Complex Discrete Logarithm Problem. After that we design public key cryptosystems based on the suggested problem. Also it appears to offer equal security for a far smaller bit size, with problem harder than DLP.

The task of digital image compression has been the subject of several studies over the past decades. Wavelet transform requires filters that combine a number of desirable properties, such as orthogonality and symmetry. Advances in such transform have produced algorithms capable of outperforming in several application of image processing. In addition, Multiwavelets transform has showed promise in removing some of limitations of wavelet. The features of Multiwavelet transform open the way for the application to image compression. These may provide much greater performance than these developed using discrete cosine transform (DCT). Also, there are several methods of computation for Multiwavelet transform, different from scalar wavelet systems in requiring two or more input streams to the Multiwavelet filter bank. Two methods (Mixed and matrix approximation) for computing the Multiwavelet transform are studied.
This research attempts to give a recipe for selecting two proposed image compression algorithms based on Multiwavelet approaches, as well as to make comparison of these approaches on color images (256 x 256).
After testing several methods of Multiwavelet transform computation for image compression, the mixed method was chosen. This is because the other method introduces more complexity of computation. In data compression applications, one is seeking to remove redundancy not to increase it. Such implementation shows that this transform method gives much better performance. In addition to that it (Multiwavelet) gives a better reconstructed image quality and data rate using the same quantization matrix and in terms of complexity. It was shown that the compressed color image using Multiwavelet transform possesses %80 of compressed image . Therefore the Multiwavelet transform can support a low loss of resolution of reconstructed images which is a desirable feature.

This research aims at identifying the expectation gap between those who take benefit from auditors and auditing actual reality represented by its public purposes, auditors' real qualifications, actual duties and responsibilities, and their domains. This unavoidable, real gap must be fronted and treated as one of the main outstanding auditing difficulties. The auditing standards, local or international, is one of the procedures and tools to solve this problem by defining its auditing and auditors' actual responsibilities and tasks to those beneficent of the results of the auditing process .This in turn will help to decrease this misunderstanding between the two parties. The present research hypothesized that auditing standards play such an influential role in reducing this expectation gap, which in turn will achieve the research main aim at defining the role of these auditing standards in reducing this expectation gap. This can lead to adopt these standards as a procedure for solving the problem under study.

The crime of washing money considered as one of the most dangerous crimes of this century , Its represent the challenge in front of the monetary establishment .In addition of its being a test for the ability of the legal principles for the realization of activating the criminal confrontation by fighting all of its new aspects . Hence , the importance of this crime is considered subservience of the criminal activity which brought charity revenues , therefore it was a must to cloth with legality these criminal revenues on what is known as (dirty money) in order to facilitate it use with the most ease …. So that it is considered as an exit to the dilemma because of the difficulty in dealing with their criminal activities , especially those which bring exorbitant money such as drug smuggling , weapons trafficking est.…. Where as , its requires a grate efforts by the international community of the international financial, bank of experts and non experts criminals to com together and cooperate that’s what made it one of the international crimes so its not easy to fight this kind of crimes whitout international cooperation

A quadtree structure is a spatial data structure and considered as one of the most important hierarchical techniques for representing digital images that attempt to save storage by aggregation data that have similar or identical values into blocks considered as quadtree nodes. Quadtree traversal is a pointerless technique (called implicit quadtree) which represent image in the form of preorder traversal of the quadtree nodes. It is a listing of all the node colors in the order given by the preorder traversal (depth first traversal) of the tree, which is more efficient in storage saving and fast retrieving and transmitting image. In this paper a new compact quadtree traversal coding was introduced that based on merging between a quadtree traversal technique and run length code technique that is used in image representation.

Electronic management is considered an effective tool for business organizations .New technologies of electronic communications through the use of the web provided the basis for the of E-management. This research work provides a theoretical framework of the concepts and dimensions of E-management .This is done through the emphasis on the role of total quality management in achieving efficient and effective performance of business organizations within this new filed to accomplish various managing transactions
The research provides several recommendations to point out how business organizations could become more efficient when using total quality in E-managerial activities.

This paper discuss how to use the principles of information technology security with models , the principles of information security : confidentiality , integrity , availability, accountability, and assurance are used to protection of information systems against unauthorized access to or modification of information, whether in storage , processing or transit, and against the denial of service to authorized users or provision of service to authorized users, including those measures necessary to detects , document and counter such threats .
This paper present how can implement the principles of information technology security on the Network Model (Intranet models ) and we make the analysis the result and conclude this principles is very important to increase the protection of models in net.

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) are one of the most algorithms used in symmetric key cryptography. Finalist candidate algorithms are five AES algorithms they are :MARS, RC6, Rijndael , Serpent, and Twofish. The paper evaluate three algorithms which are Rijndael, Serpent, and Twofish. The reason of chosen these three algorithms are :they have fixed block size of 128 bits and a key size of 128, 192, or 256 bits. We implement these algorithms in two kinds of computers: desktop pc. (Samsung 3GB) and laptop pc. (Intel core2 2GB).The time required for decryption and encryption Are Measured and the results are compared for the three algorithms we find that Rijndael is the best.

The world of Smart Home is expanded recently, everybody in the world wishes to have a home that can think, solve problems, manage environment, guard itself, or even anticipate needs. These are desirable features in any home but high electricity failure & blackout and the Iraqi life style which system more difficult to implement, in addition to that already company standard build smart home systems are expensive, hard to install, complicated and cannot solve problems arises in our country this is because of lack of public services and most people spend more time in their homes rather than leaving it for a long time (which most smart homes depends on).
The proposed system is a simple, easy to implement, inexpensive, efficient and can be incorporated easily in Iraqi building style to manage our homes and lives.
issues such as lightening, temperature management, guarding the house and its perimeter, managing electricity, bringing the luxury of voice activation for many of the house appliances, managing water reserve are desirable features.
The main idea is to spread many sensors, actuators and electronic switches around the house connected with standard twisted pair wires that arrive to a central power management board connected to a portable PC that represent the brain of the house controlled by a sophisticated expert software that manage the whole.

This paper suggests a developed adder technique called Carry Lookahead Adder (CLA) one of possible solutions based on a 4-bit Fast Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), two Mode (Arithmetic/Logic ) functions, and (48) different Operations , to increase the processing speed of an ALU by decreasing gate time delay . The phenomena of ripple carry chain in Ripple Carry Adder (RCA) is an important contributor problem of adder design because every final result depends on the last carry, so the ripple carry adder requires (2n) gate time delay to add two n-bit words. The proposed technique is based on Carry look ahead adder (CLA) to solve this problem. (CLA) structures are considered among the fastest topologies for performing addition because its need only (2(log2 (n)+1)) gate time delay by convert the ripple carry chain into two parameters Propagate (P) and Generate (G) , passed to the cascade connections of single bit (adders), then all the binary results (Fi) exit directly independent on a carry chain , so the adder circuit in an (ALU) will have enhancement speed. The final part of this paper is to simulate the proposed design on Xilinx XC4005E series (FPGA) to get the results, then analyze the results by using two different Mode , in order to get the delay time of all the circuit.

This paper deals with the implementation of noise canceller using neural networks. Two types of noise canceller has been software implemented. Then the performance of them has been checked for different training algorithms.
At first, batch gradient descent algorithm is used with different noise levels. The effect of increasing noise levels is to degrade the performance (increasing the mean square error) for the two systems under consideration. Then for the same training algorithm, the effect of hidden layer neurons is investigated. It is clear that increasing hidden layer neurons degrades the performance of the two above systems.
The second training algorithm which is used is gradient descent with momentum. The effect of increasing momentum is to improve the performance of the two noise canceller systems.
The third training algorithm which is used is gradient descent with variable learning rate. As in the case of momentum, increasing learning rate improves the performance of the two above systems.
Then the effect of momentum with learning rate increase is investigated. It is clear that the effect of momentum with learning rate increase will improve the performance.
The last training algorithm which is used is resilient backpropagation and it gives the best performance at all.

Vector Quantization (VQ) is a widely used algorithm in image data compression, voice compression, and more generally in signal processing. VQ is a generalization of scalar quantization and it is a codebook-based method. Unfortunately, designing a codebook that best represents the set of input vectors is an NP-hard problem. One of the successful solutions to this problem is to parallelize it. In recent years, high performance computing system have become more and more widespread, especially with the advent of highly flexible Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and relatively cheap general purpose processors supported with SIMD instructions (MMX, SSE).
FPGAs are used in situation where the implemented algorithm is highly parallel. Arrays of processing units can be built in a single FPGA chip to perform the required process. The SIMD media ISA extensions for general-purpose processors has usually been to utilize Sub-word Level Parallelism (SLP) with existing hardware.
In this paper, two methods for parallelizing VQ are proposed. The first is a hardware-based parallelism using FPGA; and the second is a software-based parallelism using SIMD instructions. Finally, a comparison between the two proposed methods is obtained.

The design of synchronous sequential logic circuits is of great interest to a number of researchers and designers, and there are many different researches dealing with this subject.
This paper deals with the design of synchronous sequential logic circuits using Genetic Algorithms (GA). GAs is search algorithms based on the mechanism of natural selection and natural genetics and use natural genetics operators such as crossover and mutation.
The design of synchronous sequential logic circuits starts from a set of specification or a list of Boolean functions from which a logic design can be obtained. The first step in the design of sequential circuit is to obtain state table or an equivalence representation, such as state diagram.
In this work GAs are used to design synchronous sequential logic circuit with minimum number of gates. A population of candidates is maintained, and goes through a series of generations. For each new generation, some of the existing candidates survive, while others are created by types of reproduction and mutation from a set of parents.
The input to this work is the user requirement which is represented as circuit specification which we need to design. GA takes this specification and applies genetic operation to it to construct state assignment.
The circuit is represented in such a way that the genetic operations can be carried out. The architecture of the circuits design has three stages. In stage one; the circuit specification is represented using State Transition Table (STT). In stage two; genetic algorithm uses STT to generate state assignment to assign binary code for each state. The third stage gives the minimum circuit using tabulation method. Different counters circuits have been selected and applied to show the result of GA.

Field programmable gate array (FPGA) are integrated circuits which can be user customized to implement arbitrary digital functions. In this paper, simple and extendable microprocessor is designed and implemented, connected with small extendable read only memory (ROM) which can be used to store the instruction codes of the programs.
The design and implementation of the microprocessor system have been done by using very high speed descriptive language (VHDL), and its implementation on field programmable gate array (FPGA) by using the synthesis tools of (Xilinx foundation series 4.1i program), while simulation carried out in ModelSim5.4 environment.
The flexibility, low cost, and real time operation are the main features taken into consideration for the proposed design. Several programs are implemented and simulated, which will be demonstrated through several examples.