IRAQI JOURNAL OF COMPUTERS, COMMUNICATIONS, CONTROL AND SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

This paper focuses on the comparison of two proposed fuzzy logic-based path planning systems for a 2-DOF robot manipulator. The first system is joint space path planning and the second system is Cartesian space path planning. The proposed planning systems were composed of several separate fuzzy units whichindividually control each manipulator joint. For the 1st system, the main inputs of the two fuzzy blocks were the current joint position and the difference in joint angle between the goal and the current positions. For the 2ndsystem the main inputs were the new x-axis error and the current x-axis value of the robot end-effector for the first fuzzy bock, and the new y-axis error and the current y-axis value of the robot end-effector for the second fuzzy block. The objectives were to move the arm from the start configuration to the goal configuration. The comparison of the simulation results shows clearly that the results of the second system is better and the robot reached the goal configuration in the two cases successfully with relatively small error in the order of (0.00041775 m in x-axis; and -2.8386 × 10−005 m in y-axis) for the second system and in the order of 0.014087 and -0.040168 degree in terms of joint angular positions 01 and 02 respectively for the first system.

The rapid developments in communication networks and the Internet have led to propose an encryption algorithm based on a new transfer audio data across networks more quickly. A reduction of data audio files transferred across the network without loss of data led to merging algorithms to compress data at third-level with encryption algorithm, which maintains the confidentiality of information transmitted across the network. This merging is aimed at the transfer of data encryption honestly with rapid retrieving. The results are obtained by the adoption of the proposed encryption algorithm to generate a random key for possible restoration of the original data files, audio files recorded after the receipt of data without any loss of information.

A fast, simple and effective method to recognize different hand writing numbers is presented. Hand writing recognition took high attention in the recent years by researcher of the intelligent systems, since it can be used in many applications such as car plate recognition and bank account checking. The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for hand writing numbers detection by using artificial neural network. The suggested work is divided mainly into four stages and is proposed to resolve the digits number (i.e., hand writing numbers). Image sample of hand writing numbers is acquired by a digital camera or scanner, and then it is converted by using the suggested work which is consisted of four stages to resolve digits. Artificial neural network (ANN) was applied to recognize the hand writing numbers. Learning method of the ANN is back propagation and all process handled by MATLAB language.

The use of LANs such as campus networks has become the features of the world that we live-in. In this paper, a detailed studying is presented for designing and analyzing computer networks for University of Technology campus into 19 buildings. A Star-Ring topology was proposed and implemented using an Optiysystem software simulation. This software was used because it can simulate the design system with a much more realistic modeling to reduce cost and time of practical work and achieve high accuracy of the designed system before implementation. All the data used to build this optical LAN are in accordance with real existing data. The results appear with the range, the qualification depends on the result of design simulation for good quality result and which are targeted to all design.

Adaptive systems include a vast range of living natural and artificial systems. Reinforcement learning systems are one form of adaptive systems. The current work will focus on a particular kind of reinforcement learning system: the classifier system. A classifier system has the ability to categorize its environment and create rules dynamically, thus making it able to adapt to differing circumstances. This work investigates the effect of crowding factor on the classifier system to solve six-bit and eleven-bit multiplexer problems. The six bit multiplexer problem is defined as six signal lines that come into the multiplexer. The signals on the first two lines (the address or A-lines) are decoded as an assigned binary number. This address value is then used to indicate which of the four remaining signals (on the data or D-lines) is to be passed through the multiplexer output. The eleven bit multiplexer problem is defined as eleven signal lines that come into the multiplexer. The signals on the first three lines (the address or A-lines) are decoded as an assigned binary number. This address value is then used to indicate which of the eight remaining signals (on the data or D-lines) is to be passed through the multiplexer output. This work Investigates the classifier system rule learning with no crowding and normal crowding settings by comparing and contrasting the effectiveness of the rule sets learned and their composition in two cases. Experiment results show that the run using classifiers without crowding replacement is unable to perform as well as the run with crowding replacement. The time needed to match the signal is shorter when using classifiers with crowding replacement and we are more likely to achieve good results quickly.

In this paper 40 Gb/s DP-QPSK system with coherent reception and DSP unit for optical fiber impairments compensation is proposed . The DSP unit processes the detected coherent DP-QPSK signal. The Chromatic Dispersion (CD) is compensated using a simple transversal digital filter and Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) is compensated using adaptive butterfly equalizer which is realized by applying the constant-modulus algorithm (CMA). A nonlinear compensator (NLC) is used for compensating the nonlinear effects based on the technique of multi-span back-propagation. A modified Viterbi-and-Viterbi phase estimation algorithm (working jointly on both polarizations) is then used to compensate for phase and frequency mismatch between the transmitter and local oscillator (LO). After the digital signal processing is complete, the signal is sent to the detector and decoder, and then to the BER test set for direct-error-counting. The presented system is designed and simulated using OptiSystem (2011) software interfaced with MATLAB software R2011a for implementing the DSP unit algorithms. The performance of each part of the system is analyzed by showing the optical spectrum, RF spectrum, electrical constellation diagrams, eye diagram and BER performance for different sampling rates and different bit rates.

One of the methods introduced for accomplishing hidden communication is the steganography technique. Steganography is an important area of research in recent years involving a number of applications. It is the science of embedding information into the cover image, text and video without causing statistically significant modification to the cover image. This paper proposes an image steganography system; it hides the gray level image on another gray level image by using optimal resilient Boolean functions. First, it starts by encrypting secret image by using optimal resilient function then embedding encrypted image inside a cover image by using DCT. The new proposal system of image encryption has been investigated by encrypting the powerful frequency coefficients in DCT using a saturated best resilient Boolean function (SRB) that constructed by Zhang's construction. The simulation results of the proposal system have calculated the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and the correlation test in order to compare between the cover image and the stego image and the results have also calculated the correlation test between the secrete image and the extraction image as a parameter of robustness. The experimental results have showed that the images can be embedded by steganography and optimal resilient Boolean function with smaller correlation compared to the original secret image and the extraction image. Finally, it is observed that for all images, PSNR is greater than 55.