Journal of the planner and development

The aim of this research is to explore the time and space distribution of traffic volume demand and investigate its vehicle compositions. The four selected links presented the activity of transportation facilities and different congestion points according to directions. The study area belongs to Al-Rusafa sector in Baghdad city that exhibited higher rate of traffic congestions of working days at peak morning and evening periods due to the different mixed land uses. The obtained results showed that Link (1) from Medical city intersection to Sarafiya intersection, demonstrated the highest traffic volume in both peak time periods morning AM and afternoon PM where the demand exceeds the capacity along the link corridor. Also, higher values for Peak Hour Factor (PHF) were obtained for Link (1) range from (0.88 to 0.94) depending on different peak periods and traffic directions which indicated little flow variation and high traffic volumes. Lower values of PHF were obtained for link (4) (Kasra intersection to Anter square) range
from (0.77 to 0.89

This research deals with the form of the physical identity which is concerned with the features and characteristics that distinguish the shape of the city from other existing cities and reveal its similarity with the self (itself) and objective difference with others. Accordingly, these features must be sophisticated and variable resulting the shape of the city, while preserving the continuity of time, and eventually leads to the emergence of the whole shape. Physical identity is conceptually equivalent with the terms "personality" and "sense of place". The research determined the criteria for evaluating the physical identity as follows:
1. Distinction / similarity, in the sense of distinction from the other and similarity with the self.
2. Continuity/transformation, means linking to the past and uninterrupted (continuity of subjective meaning and values) and at the same time innovation and creativity according to the circumstances of their time (they remain the same without remaining as they were.)
3. Unity/pluralism, the connection between different, heterogeneous and even contradictory components to form a whole together. Contextual and regional theories are the theoretical basis for interpreting and explaining the above criteria in the fields of architecture and urban design, and follow a descriptive analytic approach.

Urban Balance is one of the important indicators that leads to an assessment of the urbanization process in a particular country , province or even a city that is multi-centered. By examining the data related to Anba province, it was found that the value of this indicator is equal to 0.96, which is less than the absolute one, and therefore the urbanization in the province is distributed collectively
The development of a mathematical or statistical model for estimating urban growth is a complex process due to the overlap between indicators or variables that can be adopted to calculate estimate growth rates Al-Qaim city has been considered as an example to develop a statistical method by which changes that may occur in the urban system when developing a particular industry are estimated according to a set of hypotheses. Using a hypothetical model, the amount of changes likely to occur in the urban system of the city was estimated, where the model showed changes in residential and some service land when assuming a number of jobs entering the labor market.

The Migration is one of the important dynamic population movement phenomena in population studies because of its great impact in changing many demographic characteristics between the region of origin and arrival. And the multiplicity of forms and types according to the different reasons for it and the motives that prompted the population to move, as well as the currents and their size are also different according to the different causes, and here there are many types of migration, and many of them have been studied at the local and regional levels, and as long as the population is in a continuous dynamic movement, other types of migration are generated. (Al Douri, 2015, 230)
The displacement crisis that afflicted the residents of Nineveh Governorate for the period from 2014-2017 is considered one of the most spatial movements carried out by the residents of the governorate, as history has not witnessed anything like it. It was also characterized by a large and sudden mass movement, which led to an increase in the number of displaced populations from the area of origin (Nineveh) to areas Arrival (the governorates of Iraq) and thus led to pressure on the central government to provide the requirements of the displaced population as well as pressure on public, health and educational services, and accordingly, the number of displaced people who left Nineveh Governorate to the rest of Iraq’s governorates can be studied as a result of the conditions experienced by the governorate to determine the proportion of the forcibly displaced population to The rest of the governorates, and what is the percentage of each governorate of the total IDPs.

The researchers aim of this research to analyze the reality of educational services in the city of Ramadi in order to reveal the efficiency of the spatial distribution of schools at the level of residential neighborhoods and the requirements of the population, based on the standards and indicators for this service.
The research problem related to the educational function of the city of Ramadi was formulated by asking about the efficiency of the spatial distribution of educational services and whether there is a balance in the distribution of schools to residential neighborhoods in a way that meets the requirements of the population, and in order to answer the research problem, the research hypothesis was formulated that there is an imbalance in the distribution of schools On residential neighborhoods in the city of Ramadi
A number of results have been reached, illustrated by maps, graphs, and statistical tables that reveal the shortcomings and defects in the nature of the distribution of schools to residential neighborhoods in the city .

The assessment of the environmental impact of the cement industry using the Leopold Matrix is to determine the negative and positive impacts on the environment resulting from this industry, and what are the long-term and short-term effects, direct and indirect, and the amount of these effects and potential risks, and that this evaluation process is done through a number of methods, including Matrix method, including (Leopold).

The importance of the research because the cement occupies is of great importance in the world, especially in our country, Iraq, in the sector of construction and modernity, and the toxic emissions and solid waste produced by the production of this material.

Environmental problems resulting from this industry have been addressed.The basic problem of the cement industry is determined in the environmental field because of the cumulative effect it has on the environment and production capacity on the surrounding environment.


The main objective of conducting the research is to assess the environmental impacts of major industrial projects, especially cement, one of the analytical methods in urban planning, which can contribute to reducing the negative effects on the environment and on the uses of the surrounding land.Among the disadvantages of this industry is that it





increases air, soil and water pollution, as well as leveling the lands and decreases the health safety of workers through the emissions they cause,

perhaps the most prominent of which are carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon dioxide (CO), and methane (CH4).

As these gases lead to direct air pollution, especially in the areas surrounding the plant.The Kirkuk cement plant is one of the major economic development projects in the country as it provides a national and local product to support other construction projects, and at the same time it is a category A polluting industry and therefore it is necessary to sign it outside the cities, and it requires an environmental impact assessment prepared in advance according to a detailed study that includes problems and impacts. Expected and solutions to it.

The evaluation process is to ensure the protection, improvement and preservation of the environment and natural resources. Therefore, the research considers the necessity to oblige the owners of cement projects to implement the environmental requirements mentioned in the environmental legislation brochure in force, and to develop a strategy to mitigate the negative impacts and alternative options in the production process.