JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

The interaction of 2, 3-butadione monooxime (B) with phenol and
its five substituents in n-heptane are studied by using uv spectroscopy.
The study lead to the formation of mono-protonated, bi-protonated as
well as intramolecular hydrogen bonding species. The later are found to
be of the type O − H∙∙∙∙N and O − H∙∙∙∙O. The process of hydrogen bond
formation is confirmed here from uv spectra and the calculated
thermodynamic parameters. This shows that ∆H and ∆S have a negative
signs, in addition to their values which support hydrogen bond formation.

In this paper the synthesis of 4-substituted benzoxazole [3,4-b]
imidazole (9,10) and 4-aryl hexahydrobenzoxazole [3,4-b] imidazole
(13,14) is reported. Glycine was treated with benzoyl chloride or pnitrobenzoyl chloride to give N-aroyl glycine (1,2), the reaction of Naroyl glycine with thionyl chloride followed by treatment the product
(3,4) with ammonium hydroxide to give N-aroyl glycine amide (5,6).
Treatment of the amide with 1-bromocyclohexanone gave N-methylene2-hexahydrobenzoxazole) aryl amide (7,8), cyclization of this gave
product (9,10), whereas the compounds (13,14) was synthesized from oaminophenol and the acid chlorides to give N-methylene (2-benzoxazole)
aryl amide (11,12) which cyclized with phosphorous oxychloride to give
the products (13,14).
The structure of all synthesized compounds were confirmed by
physical and spectral data.

A spectrophotometric method for the assay of trace amounts of
bromhexine-HCl based on the reaction of bromhexine-HCl with nitrite
ion to form the corresponding diazonium salt followed by coupling
reaction with pyrogallol in a acidic medium to form a stable and a soluble
yellow azo dye with maximum absorption at 387 nm. Beer’s law is
obeyed in the concentration range of 20-280g of bromhexine-HCl in a
final volume of 25 ml (0.8- 11.2 ppm) with a molar absorptivity of
1.031104
L.mol-1
.cm
-1
, a relative error of -0.36 to +0.72 % and
a relative standard deviation of 1.07 to 1.72 %, depending on the
concentration level of bromhexine-HCl. The method has been
Spectrophotometric Determination of Bromhexine Hydrochloride …
20
successfully applied for the assay of bromhexine-HCl in various
pharmaceutical preparations.

A simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method for the
determination of aliphatic amines was developed. The method is based on
the proton transfer reaction with quinalizarin reagent in aqueous neutral
solution to form violet product which shows maximum absorbance at 560
nm with molar absorptivity ranged between 3600 l.mol-1
.cm
-1
for terbutyl amine to 6720 l.mol-1
.cm
-1
for sec-butyl amine. The accuracy
(average recovery) of the method was 100.15% and the precision (RSD)
was less than 3.1%. The effect of various compounds on the
determination of aliphatic amines has been studied. The nature and
stability constant of the products have been estimated.

A simple and accurate spectrophotometric method was developed
for the quantitative determination of some primary aliphatic amines in
aqueous solution, i.e. ethanolamine, n-butylamine and n-hexylamine. The
method is based on the interaction of these amines in aqueous medium
with 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthaquinone (DClNQ) reagent in the presence
of bicarbonate buffer solution to form an orange coloured products
measurable at maximum wavelength of 475 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed
over the concentration range of 1-30, 5-20 and 3-30g/ml for
The Use of 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthaquinone for the Spectrophotometric …
44
ethanolamine, n-butylamine and n-hexylamine respectively. The DClNQ
products were formed in the ratio of 1:1 amine: DClNQ, and their
stability constants were ranged between 1.92105
and 4.14105
L.mol-1
.
The method was successfully applied for the determination of
ethanolamine in its pharmaceutical preparation

Out of 50 samples obtained from humans of different
environments, 18 were diagnosed as Staphylococcus aureus. 6 out of
these diagnosed isolates were tested for elimination of resistance to
antibiotics by chloroform and acetone extracts of the plant Olivera
dicumbens.
Elimination of resistance of some isolates of Staphylococcus aureus …
55
Bacterial isolates were treated with subminimum inhibitory
concentrations (sub-MIC) of the above mentioned extracts. Percentage of
loss of resistance of colonies to antibiotics was measured. Chloroform
extract at the concentration 250 mg/ml was found to be the most effective
concentration inducing resistance of this bacteria to the antibiotic
Ciprofloxacin. Highest percentage loss of resistance (38%) was found in
the 5th isolate. For loss of resistance to the antibiotic Ampicillin, highest
resistance (36%) was found in the 6th isolate. On the other hand, the least
loss of resistance was found against the antibiotic Nalidixic acid in the 5th
isolate. No clear effect was obtained with the acetone extract. It can,
therefore, be concluded that the chloroform extract may have acted as
mutagenic, eliminating the resistance of certain Staphylococcus aureus
isolates to some antibiotics.

This research drives at connecting information technology to
nursing. This is to be carried out by way of designing an educational site
for medical and nursing care to be performed post operative care to
patient on the internet.
The site's function is to expose various related windows (pages)
relevant to nursing care in post operative. The information to be projected
include data, texts, figures pics and animations which facilitate navigation
for the visitor and provide information which may save a lot of effort and
time devoted to book and reference searching.

The effect of substitution of the ion
2
Sr
instead of La+3 in the
superconductor
La2xSrxCuO4
was studied, an increase in electrostatic
potential energy E. P. (E) with increase of Sr % was noticed, and a step
change in P. E. when Sr is added is noticed indicating a phase change
occurrence in the crystal structure .Increase of Tc, with the increase of Sr,
noticed earlier, is linked with increase of E.P. and a relation between E.P.
and Tc is found
2
Tc
 90.227  6.604E 1.545E , the increase of Tc is due the
creation of holes by valance difference between La & Sr, which also leads
to collapse of crystal by reduction of repulsion between Sr & Cu atoms
this have the same effect as the application of pressure on the crystal,
which increases Tc also. For x >0.15, Tc decreases due to the appearance
of vacancies which may have screening effect of the electrostatic field.

In this paper we apply the Adomian decomposition method to find
solution of fractional differential equation:
AD y + BD y + Cy(x) = 0
m 
, n −1  n ( n = 1,2,3,...) (1.1)
and m is integer number, with two different initial condition the first is

−
=
−
 − +
=
1
0
( 1)
(0)
n
p
p
p
p
C x
y


, where C1, C2,... are constant, the second initial
condition
(0)
!
(0)
( )
1
0
k
n
k
k
y
k
x
y 
−
=
= is the Taylor polynomial of order (n-1) for y,
as an alternative method of Laplace transform.

An Optical Character Recognition (OCR) approach for handwritten
Indian digit is presented in this paper, by using the proposed sector
approach. In this approach, the normalized and thinned digit image is
divided into sectors with each sector covering a fixed angle. The features
totaling 24 include vector distances, angles. For recognition, the K-NearestNeighbours classifier is used. This method was tested using 45 patterns for
each digit with different writers. The sample images were divided into 20
training and 25 test images. Images in the test set did not appear in the
training sets. This method performs extremely well with recognition rates
82.8%. This is a very good performance.

Expectation maximization algorithm (EM) is used to create
estimator with the same qualities of maximum likelihood Estimator
taking into consideration the existence of two types of data, Data viewing
(observed data) and hidden data (missing data), in this research the
estimating parameters of factor analysis model (maximum likelihood
method) has been done by using expectation maximization algorithm and
applied factor analysis (maximum likelihood method) on data for patients
infected with breast cancer, and found from the results importance all of
the variables in breast cancer variables except first variable (level of
education) and fifth variable (hormone treatment used).

The work is involved with the preparation of 2,4- dihydroxybenzaldehyde as a mother compound. Then after, the mentioned aldehyde
is converted into fourteen imines derivatives in forms of Schiff bases and
oxime, by its reaction with an appropriate primary amines as
hydroxylamine hydrochloride and o,m , p-aminophenols and others.
The structures of these prepared imines are confirmed by using
some physical methods such as U.V, I.R spectra and melting points for all
Schiff bases and theirs greater solubilities in water are attributed to their
presence in zwitter ions forms

The present study included the effect of lead on some of
biochemical variables for (150) worker from non smokers normal male
workers who occupationally exposed to lead pollution, through their daily
work.
The exposure periods were less than (10) years, between (11-20)
years and more than (20) years for (42) printing workers, (62) painters,
(20) radial photographers and (26) TV repairers and (28) normal male
persons lived in villages aside from lead pollution as control group.
The results showed that accumulate lead element through the
different exposure periods. The concentration of the accumulated lead in
the painters blood was (8.87168.81) Ug/100 cm3
blood. The results also
showed less lead accumulation in the printing workers, radial
photographers and TV repairs with varying ratios.
The present study showed that exposures to lead significantly
increase urea, cholesterol and triglycerides concentration for exposure
periods .
The results also included determination the activity of two
enzymes: Acid phosphatase (ACP), and Acetylcholinestreas (AchE) in
the groups exposed to lead pollution for different periods. The results
showed a significant increase in the activity of acid phosphatase enzyme
in all studied groups. Its activity in the serum of the painters was (0.17 
5.68) IU/L for more than (20) years exposure period compare with the
control group (2.7  0.21) IU/L. Finally the results showed that the
activity of acetylcholinestrase is similar to that of acid phosphatase as
there was a significant increase in the activity through the exposure
periods for all the studied groups compared with control.

This study was carried out in the (private clinic of nurses) in all
places in Erbil city. The swabs were taken from ground of the rooms,
recycle bins and air. Twenty four isolates were obtained according to
cultural, morphological, biochemical tests and other tests including
motility, oxidase, catalase, coagulase, urease, and gelatin hydrolysis.
Also the antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out and the results
were as follow:
1) Different places (ground of the rooms, air and recycle bins) for these
(private clinic of nurses) were polluted by five genus of pathogenic
bacteria.
2) The identified bacteria was gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus
aureus 12.5% and gram-negative bacteria were Escherichia coli
33.3%, Klebsiela spp 25%, Pseudomonase spp 20.8% and proteus
spp 8.3%.
3) Staphylococcus aureus was resist to Gentamycin, Penicillin
Tetracycline, Ampicilline and Nalidix acid with the range of 33.3%,
100%, 33.3%, 66.6%, and 33.3% respectively and was 100%
sensitive to Lincomycine, cephalothin, trimethprine and
chloramphenicol. The range of resistance to antibiotics Gentamycin,
Penicilline, Tetracycline, Lincomycine, Ampicilline, Nalidix acid,
Cephalothine, Trimethprine and Chloramphenicol for Klebsiela spp
reached 33.3%, 100%, 66.6%, 83.3%, 83.3%, 16.6%, 16.6%, 100%,
and 66.6% respectively.
دراسة بكتريولوجية في بعض )عيادات معاوني األطباء( في مدينة أربيل.
3
3
For Escherichia coli reached to 12.5%, 100%, 37.5%, 12.5%,
12.5%, 25%, 50%, 50% and 75% respectively. The Pseudomonas spp
were resistance to Gentamycin, Penicilline, Tetracycline, Lincomycine
and Ampicilline with the range of 20%, 20%, 20%, 80% and 40%
respectively, while Proteus spp appeared resistance 100% to Gentamycin,
Penicilline, Tetracycline, Lincomycine, Ampicilline, Cephalothin and
Trimethprime, and 50% to Chloramphenicol, while it was 100% sensitive
to Nalidix acid with.

uency on the nonsensory components (lens, cornea, choroid, iris,
sclera and optic nerve) of two species of teleost fishes which were
Chalcalburnus mussulensis and Noemacheilus angora. The fishes
exposed to 80KHz and 1400 volts of radiofrequency for sixty day. The
time of exposure was five hours daily. The dissection of samples occurred
at thirty day and sixty day.
The results revealed several histophathological changes for each of
the above components, but the lesions were more sever in N.angora than
C.mussulensis. After thirty day of exposure, different lesions were
appeared in the various parts of the two species. The injuries were more
sever at sixty day, which generally summarized as: lens cataract, pyknosis
of lens capsule in C.mussulensis while in N.angora wide deterioration in
lens was appeared which were pyknosis, necrosis and wrinkiling of the
whole lens. The lesions of cornea were deterioration of some parts of
central cornea epithelium, pyknosis of Bowmans membrane and
keratocytes, degradation of Descemet membrane and endothelium. on the
other hand necrosis and rarfaction of the stroma occurred: The previous
lesions variable in the different regions of eye ball (dorsal, ventral etc.).
The injuries were more sever in N.angora. The iris of C.mussulensis
degenerate completely in some regions and appeared as a thin dens
structure generally. In N.angora the iris dialated in some regions and
several mass of melanocytes appeared in all of the area, necrosis of blood
capillaries and gauanophore cells also appeared. In some regions the
discrete feature of the iris disappeared. The choroid lesious in
تأثير الترددات الراديوية في التركيب النسجي لألجزاء غير الحساسة في عين األسماك العظمية.
52
C.mussulensis appeared as: Necrosis and disruption blood capillaries,
bleeding, necrosis rarefaction of the argentum layer, necrosis and
shrinkage of choroid gland. In the N.angora most of the choroid was
deteriorated. The sclera of the C.mussulensis showed rarefaction and
unorganization of collagenous fibers at the central part, pyknosis and
thining at the peripheral parts. In the N.angora rarefaction and
swallowing of scleral collagenous fibers occurred. The optic nerve of the
N.angora showed deterioration and edema in specific region. We could
conclude that the low level of radiofrequency induced obvious and
variable injuries in the nonsensory components of the eye of two species
of fishes. The variation may be due to the species differences.

he regression of population density and nutrient medium weight
of red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum(Herbst) were 0.993, 0.987,
respectively. Whereas, in Khapra beetle Trogoderma granarum(Everts)
were 0.975, 0.948, respectively. The nutrient medium weight decreased
significantly in red flour beetle in comparison with Khapra beetle and the
result were 186.11, 188.67 gm respectively. In Khapra beetle the
fermentation size changed significantly in comparison with red flour
beetle and the result was 10.43, 18.58 cm3
, respectively. There was no
change in absorbed water and glutine weights in both insects, but there
was significant change in comparison with control in initial time, two and
four months after treatment.

Callus induction occurred on stem segments of Nigella sativa L.
seedlings grown on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium containing
10-6 M of 2, 4- dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2, 4 – D).
Glutamine synthetase (EC 6. 3 . 1. 2) was isolated and partially
purified from Nigella sativa L. callus the partially purified enzyme from
the aqueous extract by ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis and gel
filtration on sephadex G – 200 revealed that the activity increased by 37
fold. The molecular weight by gel – filtration chromatography was found
to be around 50000 Da. The optimum conditions of the partially purified
glutamine synthetase from callus were obtained by using Tris – HCl (80
mM) at pH 2.7 as a buffer and 10 mM of glutamate as substrate with
incubation temperature 30° C. The Michaelis Menten constants for
glutamate, adenosinetriphophate and ammonium chloride were
10 × 10-3M, 2 × 10-3 M and 0.280 × 10-3 M respectively.

The effect of aqueous extract of Olea auvopea L. on inhibition of
ovary growth in house fly Musca domestica L. as well as it
ُ
s effect on
mid gut tissue structure, at concentrations, 0.5 , 1 , 2.5 and 5 % . Results
show significant inhibition of ovary growth and it
ُ
s follicles at 1 , 2.5
and 5 % during 24 , 48 hours after emergence. After 72 hours of
emergence, the concentrations 0.5 and 5 % were caused significant
inhibition in ovary growth and its follicles also these concentrations led to
reduction in ovary size and number of follicles as well as lyses with
deformity in their shape and sheath.
The histological pictures showed separation of circular and
longitudinal muscles from basal membrane and undistinguished of
epithelial cells and reduction in circular muscles thickness.

The antibacterial activates of Quercus infectoria and Hibiscus
sabdariffa extract were screened against Yersinia enterocolitica, Brucella
melitensis, Listeria monocytogenes .
Nutgalls of Quercus infectoria and calyces of Hibiscus sabdriffa
were extracted in acetone using a Soxhlet apparatus. Extract of the plants
showed high antibacterial activates on all types of bacteria tested using
well diffusion method.
The study also detecte the antibacterial effect to of some antibiotics
using the disc diffusion method, The two extracts showed agood effect on
Yersinia enterocolitica, the inhibition zone of nutgalls extract aganist this
bacteria was (28)mm using the concentration (200) mg/cm3 which was
greater than cephalexin, while the inhibition zone of Hibiscus sabdariffa
extract was (20)mm using the same concentration which was greater than
chloramphenicol.

In this study we focused on adding ferrosilicon and this adding was
in form of different ratio and constant size of these additive to the matrix
of Iraqi cement (Om Quasar factory for cement). the prepared samples
was in form of cubic and evaluated as they were treated different (water
treatment, moisture treatment dry treatment). All the prepared samples
had a proportion of (1/3 cement to sand) and in the form of cubes with
aside (50 mm) long. they also had the weight–rate of the added
ferrosilicon to the cement which was (1% - 5%). The obtained results
showed that the cement mixture that had the weight rate of 1% at
moisture curing is the best as it has good mechanical properties (flexural
strength, splitting tensile, compressive strength). These properties have
been used to study the resistance of the modified cement to the chemical
agents that attack cement and concrete.

A (k,n) – arc in the finite projective PG(2,q) is defined to be the set
K which is composed of k points such that there is a line passes through n
points but no line can pass through more than n points. A (k,n) – arc is
called complete if there is no (k+1,n) – arc containing it. In this research
we have constructed and classified all the projectively distinct (k,5) – arcs
for k = 7, 8, 9 in the projective planes PG(2,9). We proved that (k,5) –
arcs are not complete in the projective plane PG(2, 9) for 5

k

25. We
contructed and classified the (13,5) – arcs in the projective plane PG(2,9)
where all of these arcs containing a conic by using a computer program .