JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

Bismuth metal react with dibenzothiazole disulfide (C7H4NS2)2 in
refluxing toluene to give the compound Bi(S2C7H4N)3 through oxidative
addition reaction, similary, a mixture of bismuth, (C7H4NS2)2 and iodine
in 1:1:0.5 molar ratio in refluxing toluene lead to the formation of
Bi(S2C7H4N)2I. Adducts of new bismuth compounds with triphenylphosphine and 1,10-phenanthroline have been synthesized by direct
reaction between the bismuth compounds and the neutral ligand.
Trinuclear complexes of the general formula[Bi(S2C7H4N)3(MCl2)2] were
prepared by a direct reaction of CoCl2.6H2O, NiCl2.6H2O or CuCl2.4H2O
with bismuth compound. The bismuth compounds their adducts and the
complexes have been characterized physico-chemically and spectroscopically.

A highly, sensitive, indirect spectrophotometric method has been
develop for the determination of tolnaftate in pharmaceutical preparations.
The method is based on the oxidation of tolnaftate with Fe(III) in acidic
medium. Fe (III) subsequently reduces to Fe(II),which is coupled with
potassium ferricyanide after heating for 10 minutes at 70 0C to form prussian
blue and the absorbance of the product was measured at 785 nm against a
Indirect Spectrophotometric Determination of Tolnaftate in Pharmaceutical …
10
reagent blank. Beer's law was obeyed in the range of 0.02-0.16 ppm with
molar absorptivity of 1.7 x106
L.mol-1
.cm
-1
, relative standard deviation of
the method was less than 2.5% and accuracy (average recovery %) was
100.3%. The effect of various factors such as temperature, heating
time,concentration of reagents, and interferences were investigated to
optimize the procedure. The proposed method has been applied for the
determination of tolnaftate in pharmaceutical preparations (quadrim cream
and topical solution). A statistical compartsion of these results with those of
official method shows good agreement using "t" and "F" test at 95%
confidence level. the results indicated that there is no systematic error and
the present method has good validity.

Synthesis Cyclic Compounds which are difficult to obtain in
normal ways. Developing our in formation concerning the Synthesis of
two new Bis-Phthalamic Compounds from reaction between diamines
Aromatic Compounds with Phthalic anhydride and add new Compounds
to (Compounds Isoimids) by Synthesis two new Bis-Phthalisoimids from
adding reagent (DCC) to the Bis- Phthalamic and Studying and
diagnosing them by Spectrally (I.R.) in addition to the accurate
quantitative elemental analysis. Studying the thermal stability to yield
compound and the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compound
was tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria and some
fungi. This method provides several advantages such as good yield,
Synthesis of New Compounds Bis-(N-Naphthal) Phthalisoimid, …
20
simple work-up procedure and environment friendly and have good effect
upon some becteria and fungi.

In this paper the synthesis of some substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles,
1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles is reported. Ethyl methacrylate was
treated with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol to give the corresponding
hydrazide (1). The hydrazide was converted to 1-acyl thiosemicarbazide
(2) byits reaction with ammonium thiocyanate, which was treated with
sodium hydroxide solution and with concentrated sulfuric acid to give 5-
substituted-1,2,4-triazoles-3-thiol (3) and 2-substituted-5-amino-1,3,4-
Synthesis of some substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, thiadiazoles and …
30
thiadiazole (4) respectively. The acid hydrazide (1) was treated with
benzaldehyde or substituted benzaldehyde to give hydrazones (7-12), the
hydrazones were then cyclized with lead dioxide to 2-subtituted-5-phenyl
1,3,4-oxadiazole (14). The reaction of the hydrazide (1) with formic acid
gave 1-formyl-2-acyl hydrazine (6) and the cyclization of (6) by
phosphorus pentaoxide gave monosubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (13).
Acid hydrazide (1) was treated with phenyl isothiocyanate to give
substituted thiosemicarbazide (5).
The structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by
physical and spectral means.

Substituted amidines (1,2) where prepared from the condensation
of benzyl, furfuryl alcohols and ethyl sulphate with thiourea. Chalcone
compounds (3,5a and 5b) where also prepared from condensation of 4-
nitrobenzaldehyde to give compound (3) while acetophenone, 4-hydroxy
benzaldehyde and 1,3-dibromopropane gave the diformyl intermediate (4)
then it was underwent further reaction with either acetophenone or 4-
methyl acetophenone to afford compounds (5a,5b) respectively.
Condensation of the above amidines with the resulted chalcones or
dichalcones afforded the substituted pyrimidines (6-11).
Their structures confirmation were studied by IR and were
discussed.

Vegetable oils are considered to be active in modulation of the blood
lipid profile and profilacting from cardiovascular diseases, oils extracted
from plants (sunflower seeds) may also contains some polar substances
which can interferes with their action, if these oils are exposed to some
washing processes with worm water, these substances will be removed. A
thirty adult albino male rats were divided into five groups and exposed to a
hyperlipidemic and hypercholesterolemic diet (animal fats 16% of total
calories) and H2O2 (0.5%) in the water for a 30 days for induction of
hypercholesterolemia in addition to 15 days in which. sunflower oil are
administered orally as a crude and washed oils at a doses of 300 and 600 mg/
kg body weight. There was no significant effect of the washing process on
the nutritional status but there were a decrease in total cholesterol TC (50
%), phospholipids PL (42%), low density lipoproteins LDL-c (74%) and
elevation in high density lipoproteins HDL-c (70%) resulted from the
treatment with washed oil (600 mg/ kg body weight) in addition to decrease
in liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content. In conclusion, the washing
process of sunflower oil will improve it’s hypocholesterolemic and
antioxidant effects.

The present study includes the study of the inhibitory effect of
vancomycin which has been used as the standard treatment for MRSA
Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin and soft tissue infections
(SSTI). Results showed the appearance of resistant isolates 9(19.69 %).
Intermediate 5 (10.86 %) and susceptible 32(69.56 %). The study also
revealed that there was a relationship between antibiotic resistance and
exfoliative toxin producing (ETS) isolated from hospitalized patients
suffering severe epidermal lesions. The incidence of ETS resistant to
vancomycin was 3 (6.52 %) of total strains.

The toxicities of twenty-eight novel Schiff base metal(II)
complexes to potato tuber moth (PTM), Phthormaea operculella Zeller,
larvae were determined by separately exposing 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar
larvae to treated potato slices in 2.5 cm dia Petri deshis. The insecticides
Altracidin, Deltamac, and sevin were used as standards for comparisons.
All Schiff base complexes tested were toxic at levels practical for PTM
larvae control. However, some of them were much more toxic than others
and generally, their toxicities decreased in successive instars. More than
1/2, 1/2, and 1/4 of the complexes were as or more effective than
Ultracidin, Deltamac, and Sevin, respectively.The toxicity of the complexes tested could be attributed,at least in part, to their complimentarity
with the site of action. Further laboratory and field tests are highly recommendded to fully assess the effectiveness of the most effective complexes
as controls for PTM and/or other insects.

A comprehensive numerical model to simulate self-heating effects
of laser diode under continuous-wave operation is presented. The model
is self-consistently accounts for the close interaction between optical,
electrical, and thermal processes in the laser diode. Electro-thermal
simulation offers the possibility of examining the effects on device
performance of structure. Thermal profiles and time-dependent heat
diffusion is presented in this investigation. Current injection modified the
Peltier coefficient at interfaces; and gives rise to thermoelectric cooling at
the active region and on the device parameters. Lattice temperatures,
included in the rate equations were found to shift the frequency of the
resonant dominant mode of the laser diode emission. 3D thermal plot of
the thermal distribution was obtained in order to assess the heat diffusion
as carrier-dependent for the laser diode.

The electrical properties of polyaniline-polyacrilic acid blend are
reported using Al/Polymer/Al structured. The D.C. conductivity is measured
in the temperature range (23-70) C˚ via two probe method. The current was
measured at steady state conditions. The domains conduction mechanism
was identified as Ionic conduction. The D.C conductivity and the activation
energy were estimated to be 5.7x10-11 (Ω.cm)
-1 while activation energy is
(1.3 eV), and dark DC bulk conductivity of blend was observed to increase
orders of magnitude in the investigated temperature range.

The stopping power of α-particles of initial energy 7.69 MeV
(emitted from 214Po source) have been measured in the polyethylene(PE)
and polypropylene(PP) using surface barrier detector technique and
compared with calculated value by SRIM-2003 program. The deviations
of the measured data from SRIM'
s results in PE and PP films are
approximately about 0-7% and 0-11%. An empirical formulae between
the stopping power and energy have been found. The residual energy, the
residual range and the equivalent dose rate also calculated.

The aim of this study is to show the laser field distribution
dependence on the number of missing holes in the core of the photonic
crystal fiber, so that three different structure of photonic crystal fibers
(PCFs) were proposed, the parameters of the proposed structures are
identical; hole diameter d is 0.46 µm, pitch size Λ is 2.3 µm, while the
number of the hole rings (Nr) is one for all the structures. The difference
only in the number of the missing holes in the center of the core, that means
PCF1 of one missing holes, PCF2 of three missing holes, and PCF3 of four
missing holes.
The characteristics of the PCFs structures such as effective index,
dispersion, confinement losses and field distribution were calculated and
discussed. The results of such study show that the increasing of the missing
holes reduces the fluctuation in dispersion profile and pushing the zero
dispersion wavelength (ZDW) towards the longer wavelength, in addition
the confinement losses are reduced over a wide range of wavelength. This
study shows, by the field distribution, that the PCFs of large core area are
operated in high order mode

The main goal of the work is to study a strongly -regular rings,
which was introduce by Mohammad A. J. and Salih. S. M. in (2006).
That is, a ring R is said to be strongly -regular if for every
a R there exists bR and a positive integer n≠1 such that a = a2
b
n
.
We will study some basic properties of those rings. Finally, we
show the relation between strongly -regular rings and other rings.

This paper describes a procedure which combines between the
Wilkinson and Aitken methods in order to obtain a best approximation of
the greatest eigenvalue. Both the symmetric and the nonsymmetric
matrices are solved. It shows that our suggested method converges
quickly and it is quit insensitive to the properties of the matrices used. A
comparison between these approximations for five numerical examples is
given, depending on the number of iterations and running computer time.
Experimental results indicate that the new numerical procedure is more
efficient than Power, Wilkinson and Aitken methods.

In this paper, we found an approximate solution for solving linear
Fredholm integro-differential equation, by using Aitken's method with the
help of the successive iteration method. Some numerical example were
presented to show the accuracy of this method.

In an increasingly digital world, reliable personal authentication
has become an important human computer interface application, some
Biometric Identification by Fingerprint Image Based Minutiae Detection.
156
examples where establishing a person’s identity. Biometrics is the science
of verifying the identity of an individual through physiological
measurements or behavioral attributes. Biometrics such as fingerprint,
face and voice print offers means of reliable personal authentication.
Fingerprints were one of the important forms of biometric identification
to be used for law and civilian applications.
Data base images for fingerprint images are selected from the First
International Fingerprint Verification Competition FVC2000/DB2. Then
a primary processing to these images are performed through the
transformation from RGB color to binary form using the derivative of
Gaussian filter scheme because, the excellence of this scheme in edge
detection. The Sobel horizontal and vertical gradient are relied to
compute the ridge angle and to detect its orientation, then to detect the
details accurately image morphological operations are used for thinning
operation. These images are segmented to image portions represented by
blocks also to segment the finger tip to image portions contain details
assimilate by ridges ending as well ass ridges bifurcation. Indeed, to
detect the details of the fingerprint Crossing Number method is relied
with the resultant binary portions to test them if they represent ridge
ending or ridge bifurcation. The proposed work shows efficient results
exceeds 82% compared with other system on the same field.

This paper proposes a new algorithm for recognizing text object
images by using fractal geometry. The fractal dimension was used as a
main feature for recognizing text objects within images. Box-counting
method was used to estimate the fractal dimension for image contents. In
order to determine a threshold value for the textual objects within image,
the fractal dimension was computed for a number of gray scale textual
images. The fractal number of each pixel was calculated, then the mean
value of all these fractal values were computed. The threshold value was
used in recognizing and retrieving the textual objects within image.
Recognizing Text Objects within Images By Uses Fractal Dimension.
168
This algorithm was applied on 75 image samples, 25 image
samples were used in training phase, the threshold value was determined
throughout this phase; whereas 50 image samples were used in testing the
algorithm. The proposed algorithm has performed extremely well with
recognition rates 91.5% which is considered good performance. It is a
promising technique for optical character recognition system.

The need and importance of radiographs in the diagnostic process
makes the Telediagnosis system depends on the Teleradiology application
and its services as important sources for diagnostic information.
This article discusses this need that creates faster diagnosis. A
proposed teleradiological prototype system was described, which can be
used in the open hospitals on the Internet.
The scenario of such system that explains the role of radiologist in
the diagnosis process was explained. The equipments needed for the
information of this system, methods of transmission, and some of current
teleradiology systems in use were mentioned.

The main object of the study is concerned with studying optimal
conditions for the azo dyes formed by the reactions of the mother
compound 2,4-dihydroxy benzaldehyde and its twelveth imine
derivatives in the forms of oxime and Schiff bases by the
spectrophotometric method, at different experimental pH,
s.
This study include several experimental factors as volume of
reagent, best volume of a Na2CO3 base to obtain the desired pH, order of
addition, development time with stability period and optimal wavelengths
of the dye complexes. The study comes to a conclusion that each of the
experimental factors just mentioned depends primaraly on the chemical
structure of imines.
The stoichiometry for all formede dyes under study, are determined
by using a mole ratio method and founded to be of types 1:1.

Its clear that the plants were the important source for drugs before
chemicals products in the 60s, but its used was expand in advanced
countries. This study was concerned with preparation of cold aqueous
extract of Lentil seeds, and also comprised the separation of study the
proteinous compound from cold proteinous precipitate by using gel
filtration technique and its approximated molecular weight was amount
(1710.8) Dalton.
The effects of crud aqueous, non proteinous extracts, proteinous
precipitate and proteinous compound were studied on serum glucose,
total cholesterol (T.C), triglyceride (TG) in female mice which was
exposed to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide, also on
glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in liver and
kidney tissues which belong to it. Extracts were administrated
interaperitioneally.
The results indicated that after one week of treatment with the
individual extracts mentioned above the serum glucose, T.C, TG, levels
and MDA level in liver and kidney tissues were decreased significantly
(p<0.05) while GSH level in liver kidney tissues were significantly
increase (p<0.05) in female mice which were exposed to oxidative
stress. Finally, we may conclude that the extracts isolated from the lentil
seeds plants especially proteinous compound have antioxidants and
hypoglycemic.

Polyamine oxidase activity in cerebrospinal fluid of normal
children was determined, it was found that specific activity of crude PAO
64.16  8.18 enzyme unit/mg protein. Partial purification of the enzyme
was performed by dialysis and ion exchange chromatography. Two main
peaks of high PAO activities were obtained I,II with specific activity of
1201.92 and 1157.22 enzyme unit/mg protein, and with purification fold
of 18.17 and 17.50 respectively.
Innate immune response to infection with secondary hydatid
disease in BALB/c mice activated by partially purified CSF-PAO with
spermine and infected with protoscoleces of Echinococcus granulosus
was studied. The changes in total and differential leukocyte count shown
in mice activated by different concentrations of PAO II 200-1000g / 10
gm body weight with constant concentration 200 g Spm, were compared
with positive and negative control group, along one month. Changes in
leukocytes were followed in activated BALB/c mice with optimum
concentration 800 g/10 gm body weight PAO II with 200 g Spm
compared with positive control group throughout two and three months,
depending on the mentioned criteria.
An elevation in the total leukocytes count, expressed by an increase
in the number of lymphocytes accompanied by a decrease in the number
of neutrophils and monocytes in mice activated with PAO-Spm system,
for (one) month, and also in mice activated with optimum concentration
of PAO-Spm system, for (tow and three) months, in comparison with the
+ve control group.
Therefore, it is concluded that PAO II isolated from CSF with Spm
could be considered as an effective stimulator for innate immune
response against infection with secondary hydatid disease.

Biological study was conducted in a green-house at Mosul
University, College of Education, Department of Biology. The aim is to
study the effect of different concentrations of heavy metals lead (Pb) and
nickel (Ni) at levels (0,100, 200, 300) mg/Kg of soil on growth and some
physiological aspects for sun flower plant.
The results of the study showed that addition of the lead and nickel
to the soil showed a significant decrease in growth, relative water content,
degree of cytoplasmic membrane, chlorophyll (a,b), total (a+b),
chlorophyll (a/b), area of leaves / plant, carbohydrates and protein content
of leaves.
While there was a significant increase of proline accumulation in
leaves. In the other hand, there was a significant increase in the
concentration of lead in comparison with nickel's concentration

The research include the isolation of leptin hormone from plasma
of female by gel filtration chromatography technique using separating
column 1002Cm containing Sephadex G - 75 produced 5 bands where
number 5 showed leptin concentration 0.5ng/ml.
The apparent molecular weight of leptin had been determined by
gel filtration chromatography technique using Sephadex G - 75, and by
SDS electrophoresis, the results showed that the apparent molecular
weight for the band number 5 of leptin hormone was 15750353 Dalton
and 16000 Dalton respectively

The research included the effect of microwaves on Nigella sativa
seedling ,which grown on the culture media for germination of seeds and
seedling growth. This was done by exposure of seeds to microwaves for
different periods, the results showed that the germination percent of seeds
exposed to microwaves for (100) minutes, was nearly that of the seeds in
the control treatment ,it reached to 90%,94% respectively ,this was after
7days
from culture.
Germination percent in the other treatments ranged between 68%-
88%, also the mean of seedlings length which grown from seeds exposed
to microwaves for 20 and 120 minutes reached 2.5 and 2.4 cm
respectively ,and so it is closely to 2.6 cm for the control treatment.
On the other hand, the results cleared that the stem explants of
seedlings containing a node, exposed to microwaves, varied by their
response for callus initiation, that is after 20 days from culture. The
explants in the control treatment showed good (+++) response, while in
the other treatments where explants exposed to microwaves showed less
(++) response than the control. except that exposed for (100) minutes, the
response was similar to that of the control.
The fresh weight of callus grown for 45 days from stem explants
exposed to microwaves for 20 and40 minutes were 2.0 and 2.1 g
respectively compared with 2.3 g for the control. In spite that the
maximum fresh weight of callus gained in this study which was 6.8 g
after 70 days growth from explants exposed for 80 minutes to
microwaves ,but it is still less than 8.5 g for the control.

A Sample of 63 mutants resistant to the fungicide carboxin
(Vitavax) was isolated in the parental strains A76 (bwA nicA, brown
conidia, nicotinic acid-requiring) and AZG131 (wA lysA azgA131, white
conidia, lysine-requiring and resistant to 8-azaguanine) of the
ascomycetous fungus Aspergillus amstelodami. All mutants were normal
in their morphology and recessive to their respective wild type alleles.
Complementation tests in heterokaryons among the mutants put them all
in a single gene designated carA (for resistance to carboxin) as the first
gene of its kind to be identified in A. amstelodami. Haploidization
analysis has shown that carA is not linked in any of the chromosomes I,
II, III, IV or VII, but its linkage relation to the other groups (V, VI, VIII
or IX) recognized in this fungus was not determined.

The effect of different doses of gamma rays on the fresh weight
and some cell constituents of Black seed (Nigella sativa L.) stem callus
was investigated.
The results revealed an increase in the fresh weight with an
increase in the cellular contents of protein and nucleic acid (DNA, RNA)
extracted from radiated callus at doses 5,10, 30 and 50 rad, on the other
hand, the high doses (70, 90 rad) led to death more than of 50% of
initiating cells of callus.
Shoots formation occurred on radiated callus, at dose 50 rad. In
solid MS media, which are provided with 2,4–D(10-6 M). Verdure
branches that occurred on radiated callus have been rooted by using MS
free growth regulators. The plant developed on this medium can be readly
transfered to the soil after harding.

This study deals with the ability of preparing local culture Media
which can be used as a suitable replacement of Blood agar medium used
for diagnosis of Salmonella typhi by using some of plant and animals
extracts as fish, dates and Alfalfa extracts. fish and dates extracts were
used together to prepare a local medium, the study showed that the
optimum proportions were (70)% fish extracts and (30)% dates extracts
and other medium consists of fish and alfalfa extracts with an optimum
proportions of (70)% fish extracts and (30)% alfalfa extracts, it selective
and differential media were prepared and used to isolate and identify
Salmonella typhi.

Twenty isolates of bacteria Klebsiella were collected from different
clinical specimens of human infection from Al-Salam, Al-Khansa’a and
Ibn-Alatheer hospitals in Mosul city. These isolates were identified by
using microscopical examination, culture characteristics, biochemical
tests and API20E test used for confirmation detection. The isolates
belonged to the species K. pneumonia. The ability of the isolates to resist
nine antibiotics and heavy metals (cadmium chloride and mercury
chloride) were tested. The isolates varied in there antibiotic resistance,
but they all they resisted heavy metals. Moreover the mutagen
hydroxylamine (H.A.) was used to remove the antibiotic and heavy metal
resistance in these isolates by two methods. 1M concentration of (H.A.)
for 50 minutes treatment appear to be very effective and high percents of
antibiotic resistance for amoxicillin 40% and trimethprim 38% occur in
some isolates and for cefalixin 28% in other isolates. Increasing the
mutagen concentration to 2M for 50 minutes appeared even more
effective.

The current study is the first one, at least, in Mosul University, and
perhaps, in other universities in Iraq, being a new topic, the sinus gland.
Furthermore, an original and successful method was found and used to
overcome an old and difficult problem regarding the sectioning of the
eyestalks which are covered by a thick, hard and calcified cuticle that
causes destruction of the sections. Five histological and nine
histochemical staining techniques were employed. The results have
clearly shown the presence of only one sinus gland in each eyestalk. It is
an elongated ellipsoid structure, dorsoventral in position and composed of
four principal elements, the capsule, axon terminals, stromal tissues, and
blood sinuses and vessels. Four patterns of neurosecretory granules were
distinguished and classified according to certain basic criteria.

Detection of β–lactamases was conducted in Rhizobium
leguminosarum biovar viciae isolated from root nodules of Vicia faba L..
Acidimetric method was used to detect the occurrence of β–lactamases in
general, the isolate gave a positive result. Detection of extended–
spectrum β–lactamase (ESBLs) was also performed using two methods;
double disk synergy method and the method of National Committee for
Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). The isolate gave a positive
results too. R. leguminosarum biovar viciae also showed a resistance to
cefoxitin, which consider a primary evidence for being a potential
producer of AmpC β–lactamase. The results clearly indicated the
occurrence of more than one type of β–lactamases in the tested isolate,
which might be used as a defensive mean for survival and resisting β–
lactams antibiotics in the surrounding soil.

The study was carried out in a field of khorsebat region (north-east
of Mosul city) during season 2001-2002 with silty loam soil in order to
investigate the effect of different Ethephon concentrations (0, 240, 480,
720) gr/ha a.i. on local species of pea (Pisum sativum L.). the plants were
germinated from large and small seeds as well as low and high viability.
In order to decreased the viability, the seeds were exposured to 100%
humidity and 40 Co
for 48 hours. The seeds were grown under rain-fed
irrigation. The result showed a significant decrease in plant length, Leaf
Area Duration (L.A.D.), Relative Growth Rate (R.G.R.), Biomas
Duration (B.M.D.) and Net Assimilation Rate (N.A.R.) when increasing
the concentration of Ethephon more than 480 gr./ha. But on the other
hand, the plants decreased at the minimum rates of Ethephon 240 gr./ha.
Moreover, a significant increase was observed for large seeds as
compared with the small seeds in all the studied descriptions even in low
viability. Furthermore, the minimum concentration of Ethephon increased
the studied descriptions or the low viability seeds previously mentioned.

An is isolate of Oscillatoria angustissima was obtained from local
environment at Mosul city. The results showed that the growth was high
and achieved (0.399) as an optical density after fifteen days of incubation
in a continuous light’s period. While the growth reach upto (0.309) as an
optical density when the culture exposed to 12 hour light and 12 hour
dark, but did not achieve any growth when it used continuo's dark period.
For all used photoperiods, the final pH was significantly higher than the
primary pH. The maximum growth for algal (0.37) as an optical density
when the concentration of nitrogen in culture medium was (0.09%) while
the protein content was (309) mg/L when the concentration of nitrogen in
culture medium was (0.15%). The results also showed that the maximum
growth for algal (0.33) as an optical density was achieved when the
concentration of phosphor in culture medium was (0.13%) and protein
content was (288) mg/L. The final pH was significantly higher than the
primary pH for all the used concentration nitrogen and phosphor.

The effect of ceftriaxone on the morphology of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis was investigated by incubating the
bacterial suspensions with serial doubled concentrations of the antibiotics for
(4) hrs. The results showed that ceftriaxone induces obvious morphological
changes in the tested bacteria. Cell elongation and filamentation, with
various levels, were the most frequent changes observed. The study also
found that these morphological changes depend on the antibiotic
concentration.

The study was conducted to show the ability of three species of
Penicillium; P. roquiforti, P. camemberti and P. viricosum for single cell
protein and polysaccharides production. The results indicated that
P. viricosum, P. camemberti, P. roquforti achieved highest figures in
polysaccharides (0.21 gm/100ml), dry weight (1.8 gm/100ml) and protein
content (0.72 gm/100ml) respectively.
The effect of different nitrogen sources were studied. Ammonium
phosphate gave maximum productivity in polysaccharides, protein
content and biomass production, (0.23, 0.86 and 2.65 gm/100ml)
respectively. At the same time 0.4% Ammon. Phoph. showed highest
productivity in polysaccharides production (0.235 gm/100ml) while 0.6%
of the same nitrogen source gave maximum growth and protein content,
(2.8 & 1.1 gm/100ml) respectively.

This study aimed to test the repellent effect powders of Solanum
nigrum L., Cupressus sempervirens L., Nerium olender L., Ammi majus
L., Pimpinela anisum L., Cinamomum zylanicum L., Olivera
decumbence and Azadirachta excelsa Jack, at four concentrations 0.5, 1,
2 and 4 % as flour or rice grains or wheat grains treatment against the
adults of Tribolium confusum L., Oryzeaphillus surinamensis L. and the
third instar larvae of Trogoderma granarium Everts. Results indicated
that powders of all plants showed repellent effect to the adults of O.
surinamensis, except the powder of N. olender, the powder of A. majus
causing high repellent to adults (- 0.952) at 4% concentration. Results
showed that S. nigrum, C. zylanicum and N. olender powders had high
effective repellent for T. confusum , the repellent proportion ranging
between (- 0.529 to - 0.714) at 2 and 4 % concentraions. The results
clearly indicated that S. nigrum was the most effective repellent (- 0.714)
at 2 % concentration for the third instar larvae of T. granarium than other
powders, the C. zylanicum, A. excelsa and N. olender powders were
least effective repellent, while the P. anisum, A. majus, C. sempervirens
and O. decumbence which attracted larvae.

The aim of this study was isolation and identification of the
bacterial presence in imported beef frozen meat. The study included
examination of (60) beef frozen meat samples in the period between Feb.-
Jun. 2007. The samples were collected from the shops in Mosul city. A
total of 1(1.66%) Corynbacterium ranle isolates was obtained. 2 (3.33%)
Corynhacterium pyogenis was obtained. 5(8.33%) E. coli was obtained,
10(16%) Proteus vulgaris was obtained, 1(1.66%) Proteus mirabilis, was
obtained, 9(15%) Budvicia aquatica was obtained, 1(1.66%) Citrobacter
diversns, 2(3.33%) Salmonella enteritidis, 1(1.66%) Arizona, 1(1.66%)
Serratia marcescens, 1(1.66%) Edwardsiella tarda. 2(3.33%)
Edwardsiella ictaluri, 2(3.33%) Pasteurella muttocdia, 1(1.66%)
Pasteurella acrogenes 3(5%) Morganella, 2(3.33%) Staphylococcus
aureus, 2(3.33%) Bacillus cerus, 1(1.66%) Pseudomonas, 1(1.66%)
Yersinia enterocoli 2(3.33%) Klebsilla pneumonia was obtained. The
samples transported to lab. and each sample was put in 15 ml of buffer
peptone water and shaked for five minutes then (1-2) ml of each sample
was transported to 10 ml of the (2) type of enrichment broth. The first
Tetrathionate broth which contained iodine solution and incubated in 42
C for 48 hours. The second broth was Brain heart infusion broth and the
samples incubated in (37 C) for 24 hours, and then the sampls
transported inculated in Tetrathionate broth to Salmonella-Shigella agar
and incubated in 37 C for (24) hours and the samples which were
inculated in brain heart broth transported to Macconcy agar, blood agar
and Nutrient agar and incubated in 37 for 24 hours, the study conducted
عزل وتشخيص الجراثيم المتواجدة في لحوم األبقار المجمدة المستوردة في مدينة الموصل.
213
several biochemical tests including citrate, urea, methyl red, indol,
Voges-Proskaure, Triple iron sugar. Coagulation test, and incubated the
tubes in 37 C for 24 hours, except Voges-Proskaure which incubated in
37 C for 48 h. The antibiotics sensitivity test was also carried out for
many types of antibiotics such as (Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol,
Ampicillin, amoxcycillin, Gentamycin, Erythromycin, Ciprofloxcin)

Several preliminary experiments were carried out to detect the
effects of eight aqueous plant extracts on the growth and development of
the ovaries and their follicles. The two best extracts were chosen and used
in this study. The results of the microscopical preparations and statistical
analysis clearly show that the sublethal concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2.5, 5,
10, 15, %20) of the leaves extract of Myrtus communis and of the fruits
extract of Thuja orientalis, which were chosen and used against the
second instars of housefly, have shown a highly significant inhibitory
effect on the growth and development of the ovaries and ovarian follicles
when compared with those of control specimens. Not only this, but some
concentrations have reduced the number of the follicles and have
sometimes led to their degradation and disappearance either partially or
completely. Therefore, the aqueous plant extracts are preferred on those
of alcoholic and acetonic ones because the former are easy to prepare,
cheep, with highly significant effects.

The present study is carried out to investigate the development of
the auditory organ in the embryos, Larvae and adults of urodele
amphibians Salamander Neurergus crocatus crocatus cope. The study
includes the morphology, anatomy and histological structures at the level
of light microscope. The development of auditory organ of Neurergus
crocatus crocatus initiated at early stages of embryogenesis. The first
signals were the appearance of two ectodermal thickenings opposite to
the rhombencephalon. These two thickenings were auditory placodes at
(24) stage of embryo. The ontogeny of auditory organ continued until at
stage (30) at which the auditory pits formed the auditory vesicles and the
endolymphatic duct primordium appeared. At late embryonic stages (31-
39) characterized by the appearance of endolymphatic sac and elongation
of auditory vesicle into tubal form and differentiation of saccules at
ventral side and utricle of dorsal side. In addition, the membranous
labyrinth is more developed and the horizontal semicircular canal is well
identified. At the larval stages (40-49) the macula sacculi and macula
utriculi in addition to the anterior, posterior,horizontal, semicircular
canals were obvious and their epithelium well developed . At stage 47 the
posterior and anterior ampulla,the prospective ear drum,the cochlear
primordium well differentiated the metamorphic stage characterized by
the differentiation of middle ear from phargngeal pouch and well
developed cochlear epithelium.The auditory organ of adult stage includes
circumferential cartillagenous capsule envelopes the inner ear, well
developed membranous labyrinth, Eustachian tube, ear drum, and
columella middle ear very obvious.

*البحث مستل من رسالة ماجستير لم

This study aims to investigate the effect of soil pollution with lead,
cadmium and their interference in the levels of (0, 125, 250) ppm and (0,
2.5, 5.0) ppm respectively on growth, yield and some physiological
changes in the plant (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under nitrogen nutrition
condition.
The results of the study showed that the addition of lead and
cadmium incrementally to the soil separately or jointly leads to decrease
in the growth, yield, seed production and its content of protein,
carbohydrate and oil .while the addition of nitrogen to the soil lead to
increase the growth, yield and increased the tolerance of plants to the lead
and cadmium elements when compared with the plants growing in soil
containing lead and cadmium but with the absence of nitrogen nutrition

stological structure of the eye cornea for three species of fresh water
teleosts fishes at the level of light microscope. The three species belong
to two different families .The species studied were Garra lamta,
Acanthobrama marmid and Mastacembelus simach. These species live in
different photic aquatic environments, as well as differ in feeding nature.
The results reveald that the cornea, of the three species, comprises
two different structural regions: the peripheral and the central. Generally
the histological structure of the cornea include a layer of non-keratinized
stratified squamous epithelium. The epithelium was settled on a thin
membrane called Bowman's membrane. Alternative to Bowman's
membrane the corneal stroma, which differs in number, nature and
thickness of the collagenous fibres among the three species and
intraocularly.The stroma settled on a thin Descemet membrane which
lining with a single layer of endothelium.
The peripheral cornea reveald wide different structural
specializations among the three species and also differ in various ocular
regions in the same species. The first specialization was the appearance of
mucous (goblet) cells which presents in the corneal epithelium of G.
lamta and A. marmid only .The second specialization was the annular
ligament which appeared in the three species and differ in shape,
thickness and stain among the three species as well as intraocularly. On
the other hand, the annular ligament may be reduced or absent. The
annular ligament of the M. Simach only comprise the blood capillaries.
The third specialization was the appearance of autochthonous layer
in the cornea of A. marmid only, which differ in the thickness and stain in
the different regions of the eye ball.
*البحث مستل من رسالة ماجستير لمباحث الثاني وبإشراف الباحث األول.
دراسة نسجية مقارنة لتركيب القرنية في عين ثالثة أنواع من اسماك المياه العذبة العظمية.
290
The stroma showed wide variations in it'sthickness and
components among the three species and in the eye ball of the same
species. The stroma of G. lamta was composed of dermal and scleral
portions. The scleral one more dense in staining than the dermal. In the A.
Marmid the stroma very thick and the scleral portion more lucident. The
stroma of A. marmid showed atransverse sutures in the dermal and in
some parts of scleral. In M. simach, there were wider variations in the
inner layers of peripheral cornea. The dorsotemporal region was very
thickness and consists of additional layers, in that the sclera composed of
dermal portion and the scleral stoma was divided into posterior and
anterior portions. In addition mucoid lucident layer and iridescent layer
added in the dorsotemporal region as well as a melanophores (colour
filter) and a muscle inserted in the iris root. One of the most important
specializations were the presence of primary spectacles in M. simach and
secondary spectacles in the A. marmid but not in G. lamta.

This study was conducted to determine the effect of alcohol dduct
on some of blood parameters and biochemical activities. there for fourty
blood samples from anormal and alcohol addicted healthy males Then
they were compared with (20) blood samples collected from anonalcohclic healthy persons as a contral group.
Results show a significent increase in the concentration of Hb and
PCV in all (3) groups as compared with control group. There were a
significent decrease in the concentration of total protein in (3) groups
acompared with the a control group, while the blood urea increased
significantly as compared with the control group and the results revealed
also significent increase in the enzyme of transaminases (Alanine amino
transferase ALT and aspartate aminotransferase AST) as compared with
the control group

We achieved an economical conclusion for Laboratory propagation
of gladiolus bulbs Gladiolus grandiflorus using tissue culture techniques.
This method include the use of corm slices with 8-10 millimeters
thickness which were lied in contact with Murashige and Skoog solid
medium supported with 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L of NAA or 2,4-D
interaction with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/L) of
BA and Kinetin. The number of shoots obtained at the level of 4.0 mg/L
BA combined with 1.0 mg/L of NAA was 5.1 folds while the largest
number of shoots 4.9 folds were found with the kin at 4.0 mg/L with 1.0
mg/L of NAA. The later has more impact on vegetative growth and the
number of shoots formed than 2,4-D.
The sucrose and NAA had a great effect on the rooting of shoots
and formation of corms, through the best periods of time for each of
them. Rooting were 100% when used 60 g/L sucrose within 14 days, and
took 56 days to produce corms.
When 90 g/L of sucrose were used with 10 mg/L NAA for rooting,
shoots were rooted within 11 days and corm formation 7.0 corm/shoot
were accomplished after 42 days. The corms were ready for planting in
the filed.

Barium oxide (BaO) is a transparent conducting oxides, it was
deposited on glass substrates using a chemical bath deposition which
contain barium chlorid (BaCl2) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The
optical properties of the films including the transmittance and absorbance
was studied and the energy gap was calculated. The optical properties of
the films studied after radiation by microwaves with power range (360W)
for a time range (1-3) min. the result show an increase in the film
transmittance.

This paper investigates the problem concerning the analysis of
trend surface of spatially correlated data, we have got the model of trend
surface based on an assumed covariance function. This function contains
parameters called variance components, these parameters are estimated
by maximum likelihood estimation that depends on Newten-Raphson
algorithms to obtain the convergent solutions.
The applied representation includes the analysis of real spatial data
which represent the level of ground water in Al-Qaaim west of Iraq, the
results is very encouraging.
All algorithms are programmed by MATLAB.

This investigate concerned with some kinds of crossed module like
pre cross modules, partially crossed module and crossed squares and it
relations with semi-direct products of crossed module.

A t – blocking set B in a projective plane PG(2, q) is a set of points
such that each line in PG(2, q) contains at least t points of B and some
line contains exactly t points of B.
A t – blocking set B is minimal or irreducible when no proper
subset of it is a t – blocking set. In particular when t = 1 then B is called a
blocking set.
In this paper, we find the lower bounds of the 5 – blocking set and
the 6–blocking set In the projective plane PG(2, q), where q square, Then
we improved the lower bound of 5– blocking set when
q 10
in the same
plane.
Specially in the projective plane PG(2, 9):
First: We show that the minimal blocking set of size 16 with a 6 – secant
and the minimal blocking set of the same size of Rédei-type exist.
Second: We classify the minimal blocking sets of size 17.