JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE

In this paper the synthesis of some substituted 1,3,4-oxadiazoles,
1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles was achieved. 2-(2,3-dimethyl
phenyl amino) benzoic acid was esterified to its ethyl ester by its reaction
with absolute ethanol in presence of concentrated sulfuric acid. The ethyl
ester was treated with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol to give the
corresponding hydrazide. The hydrazide was converted to substituted
thiosemicarbazide by its reaction with ammonium thiocyanate. The
thiosemicarbazide was treated with sodium hydroxide solution and with
sulfuric acid to give 5-(2,3-dimethyl phenyl amino phenyl)-1,2,4-triazole3-thiol and 2-(2,3-dimethyl phenyl amino phenyl)-5-amino-1,3,4-
thiadiazole respectively. The acid hydrazide was treated with substituted
benzaldehyde to give hydrazones which cyclized to disubstituted 1,3,4-
oxadiazole, while the reaction of hydrazide with formic acid followed by
cyclization of formyl hydrazine by PbO2 to give monosubstituted 1,3,4-
oxadiazole. Finally, treatment of hydrazide with carbon disulfite in
alcoholic potassium hydroxide gave 2-(2,3-dimethyl phenyl amino
phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-thiol. The structures of the synthesized
compounds were confirmed by physical and spectral means.

In this paper the synthesis of some 2-(3-pyridyl)-5-aryl-1,3,4-
oxadiazoles from hydrazones is reported. Nicotinic acid was converted to
ethyl nicotinate (1) by its reaction with thionyl chloride and the resultant
acid chloride was treated with absolute ethanol, the ethyl nicotinates was
treated with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol to give the corresponding acid
hydrazide (2). The acid hydrazide was treated with benzaldehyde or
substituted benzaldehyde to give the hydrazones (3-8). The hydrazones
were cyclized to 2-(3-pyridyl)-5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (4-14) by their
reaction with lead oxide.
The structure of the synthesised compounds were confirmed by
physical and spectral methods.

Local Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii isolate was treated with
nitrous acid for mutagenesis. Out of 66 auxotrophic mutants, seven aromatic
amino acid auxotrophs were isolated. According to their requirements were
classified into three auxotrophic mutants which considered as trp- mutants
A study on Aromatic Amino acid Auxotrophs of Rhizobium leguminosarum ...
20
(RH57, RH114 and RH70), one (RH53) for phenyalanine, two (RH61 and
RH84) for tyrosine and one (RH99) for all these amino acids. According to
biochemical and intermediates accumulation studies tryptophan auxotrophic
mutants could classified into two trpE mutants (RH57 and RH114) and one
trp auxotroph (RH70), was tryptophan synthase mutant. Normal symbiotic
activity as indicated by mean dry shoot weight, was observed in the
tryptophan synthase mutant (RH70). The plants inoculated with aro and trpE
mutants fixed nitrogen but significantly less than that of the RH49
inoculated plants, whereas the tyrosine and phenylalanine auxotrophic
mutants inoculated clover plants were completely ineffective in nitrogen
fixation. The clover plant host seems to provide tryptophan but not tyrosine
and phenylalanine to bacteroids in nodules.

The current paper studied, the protective effect of iron on anemia
induced by Cadmium (Cd). Fifteen male albino rats selected in this study
divided into three groups, first group as control, 2nd and 3rd
groups
Protective effect of injectable iron on cadmium-induced anemia in rats.
03
received oral CdCl2 25mg /L mixed with drinking water for one month.
Third group treated four dosage of injected iron (iron Dextran) at 50
mg/kg intraperitonially in addition to cadmium drinking water. The
result of this study showed a significant decreased of iron concentration
in plasma of Cd treated group but there is a significant increase in iron
concentration in 3rd group compared to 2nd group p < 0.05 while there is
a significant elevated with alanine aminotransferase enzyme in 2nd and 3rd
group in comparing to control group. Alkaline phosphatase enzyme no
change. Conclusions: this study concluded that iron supplement is
prevent anemia induced by long exposure to cadmium.

In spite of existing a number of thermal springs in Iraq. A limited
studies were observed to be found concerning it. Where there are a little
information concerning their types of organisms. The present study is an
attempt to expand springs water characteristics and algal occurrences.
Monthly variations in physico-chemicals variables and algae were
studied in Mersaid and a Jale springs from July-2007 to February-2008. It
was found that water temperature ranged from 24 to 35C°. Minimum
value of pH was 6.9 and maximum value of electrical conductivity is
1350µs.cm
-1
.Oxygen concentration was zero. No significant variations
are found in the alkalinity and total hardness during the period of study.
An Ecological Study On Water To Some Thermal Springs In Koya-Erbil …
63
Calcium and sulfate ions are the dominant cations and anions
respectively. It was found 22 taxa of algae identified, dominant by
cyanophyta.

In the present work, the variation of the bulk etch rate and some
other etching parameters, such as removed active-layer thickness, track
growing rate, track etch rate with etching temperature is measured for the
solid-state nuclear track detector (SSNTD) LR-115 type 2. The mass
difference method is used to measure the bulk etch rate and then the
removed active-layer thickness during etching with 2.5 N aqueous
solution of NaOH as the etchant at etching temperatures 70, 60 and 50°C.
Two empirical relationships are derived to calculate the removed activelayer thicknesses and the tracks diameters at any etching time with
temperatures as a parameter between (50-70°C), [i.e. h(T,t) and D(T,t)].
The V function (sensitivity), etching efficiency η, critical angle θcrt, and
Variation of Bulk Etch Rate and some other Etching Parameters with …
00
the corresponding activation energies for both the bulk etch rate Vb and
the track etch rate Vt are also calculated. The measured and calculated
results are in good agreement with those reported in the literature

In recent year biometric technology has received a great attention.
One of the newest area in biometric technologies is the automatic face
recognition. Face recognition has developed over last decades and still a
rapidly growing research area. Although, face recognition systems have
Biometrics Identification based Face Image Authentication.
16
reached a level of practical success but still remains a challenging
problem due to large variation in face images. The aim of the proposed
work is to build an efficient automatic face recognition. Data base of
gray-level images for the proposed system are selected from the Face
Recognition Technology FERET. Then primary processing to these
images are performed through the downsampled to each face by bilinear
method. Then these images were masked by a rectangle that include face
region only.
Wavelets transformation is based for face recognition in this
experiment due to their powerful efficiency in face recognition area. Face
features were extracted through the use of the 2D 2-level wavelets
decomposition. The 2D Vertical and Horizontal subimages are selected.
These subimages are selected due to their less sensitivity to image
variations. As well as their components form the most informative
subimage equipped with the highest discriminating power. Then the
images are segmented blocks, the Statistical moment is used to extract
features per block. The proposed work used accurate techniques to
analysis the recognition which reflects significant enhancement results.
These results are represented by accurate measures varied from 75% to
more than 100% compared with other system on the same area.

With the ever increasing need for design and GIS professionals to
share data, it is critical that GIS users understand and are able to make
use of data created with Autodesk's Computer Aided Drafting
(AutoCAD) software. In GIS applications, it can be display and query the
data as it exists in its native CAD file format, or it can convert it to a
geodatabase feature class or shapefile if you want to edit the spatial
features or attribute table.
This paper presents a procedures to using AutoCAD Data in ArcGIS
by applying (.dwg) format and integrating it into standard ESRI data
formats (shapefiles). The final output results of this study are a files in a
GIS shapefile format that spatial georeferencing with respect to UTM
WGS84_38N projected coordinate systems (metric). Spatially
displacement process was applied to align the final reprojected shapefile
with the reference image satellite acquired by IKONOS satellite. The
satellite image covered the same area of CAD drawing (represented
Mosul University Campus).
The results show, perfect coincidence between the new polygon
shapefile with the closed buildings appears in the IKONOS image satellite
of the study area. The output map layer was ready to be fully usable in all
GIS operations and can be help in making important management
decisions.

The vehicle license plate recognition system is consider as the best
aspects of applying computer techniques in the intelligent systems
field.The goal of this research is suggest a new suitable and simply
algorithm to do this work. This algorithm concentrate on the following
steps:
Pre-processing the Iraqi vehicle image, cutting the registration
plate image from the origin one, detection about the exact region of plate
from the produced image (which is considered as the important step in the
automatic recognition system), separation and cutting the words that
existent in the registration plate, at last recognition the whole number by
separating to its digits (which allocated in the right side of plate) by
suggestion subroutine for every digit according to its attributes and
Recognition the state name by the same way.
License Plate Recognition for Security Places.
29
The application of this program to many of vehicles captured
images (25 images) with digital camera on the fixed distance, the result
are succeed with the rate 80% even with the images having some
abnormalities such as dust on the plate. The fail rate is approximately
20% .

The study was designed to estimate the effect of fatty liver disease
on the level of some biochemical parameters, percentage of fatty acids in
serum lipids. the study includes (25) fatty liver patients as verified by
ultrasonography of the liver, the age ranged between (50-70) year and
(25) apparently healthy subjects of matched age group. The some
biochemical parameters were measured as well as analysis and
measurement of Percentage and level of fatty acids in serum lipids, lipids
extraction from serum and separation of serum lipids (Cholesterol ester,
Triglyceride, Phospholipids) by TLC, and then esterification of fatty
acids and measurement of percentage of fatty acids by Capillary Gas
Chromatography (CGC). the result showed that there was large effect of
fatty liver disease on the biochemical parameters and the percentage of
fatty acids comparison with control group.

The histological sections of the nervous system of Ascaridia galli
stained with toludine blue, showed that it consists of a nerve ring
surrounding the oesophagus known as circumenteric ring which in turn
connected with a number of ganglia namely: pair of lateral ganglia,
ventral ganglia, small dorsal ganglion, pair of subdorsal ganglia, pair of
post–lateral ganglia and a pair of postero–ventral ganglia. This ring
situated obliquely at a distance of 0.7 (0.65- 0.8) mm from the anterior tip
of the worm and formed mainly from fibers and small number of
gangliotic cells. From the cephalic ganglia 6 papillary nerves arise in the
anterior region to innervate the sense organs situated at the anterior
region.
From this circumenteric ring also a number of main nerves arise
and extend posteriorly namely :mid dorsal, two pairs of lateral and a mid
-ventral. The two ventrals end in the posterior region of the body in a pair
of large ganglia near the anus known as lumbral ganglia. The mid–
ventral nerve cord considered the most prominent and has a number of
ganglia arise from the ganglia ventral side.
Furthermore there is two enteric or sympathetic systems, one is
anterior near the esophagus and the other near the rectum. There are three
types of sense organs: cephalic, cuticular and caudal. Cephalic sense
organs include 12 structures in the anterior region, cuticular include those
situated between the head and the tail ,and the caudal include two types of
caudal sense organs and a pair of phasmids.

One hundered samples of rhinitis and another 50 samples of
apparently healthy individuals were collected a control then inoculated in
culture media (Nutrient agar, Mac Conkey agar, Blood agar and Choclate
agar). The biochemical, morphological, cultural tests were done on grown
bacterial colonies.
The following bacteria were isolated Staphylococcus aureus,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli,
Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Corynebactrium
diphtheriae, Corynebactrium pseudodiphtheriticum. The results showed
the predominance of Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae that
were isolated in percentage of (44%), (20%) respectively from patients.
The results in healthy individuals showed the predominance of
Staphylococcus epidermidis in noses of healthy people which were
isolated in (66%) of cases.

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of pyrazinamide
drug to induce morphological and histological defects during the embryonic
development in some division of central nervous system of Swiss albino
mice Mus musculus at the level of light microscope. The pregnant females
ingested of pyrazinamide orally as ascending concentrations 1000, 1500,
2000, 2500, 3000mg/kg body weight daily, which started at the 7th day of
pregnancy until delivery of neonate. The result revealed at 1000and
1500mg/kg no morphological and histological malformation. At 2000mg/kg
no morphological malformations were observed, while histological
degeneration and necrosis in the gray matter of spinal cord appears. The
ratio of malformes embryos at 2500mg/kg were 22%represented by
hypodactylia of left hind limb, swelling trunk, opthalmoptosis, bleeding in
head region and some embryos were miniatures. The histological injuries as
vaculation of mantle layer in metencephalon, disturbances in size and shape
of spinal cord as well as necrosis and vaculation in telencephalon and
ventricle diencephalons laterally. At 3000mg/kg of pyrazinamide the
malformed embryos. were 33%.The morphological defects were Apex loss
of cranium which leads to brain emergence, eye and ear displacement,
embryo mongolism, dactylosymphysis, external brain and caudal reduction.
Histopthologically many injures appeared as exencephaly, vaculation and
necrosis of epindymal and mantle layer of brain are noted. The spinal cord
appears for the first time as in fundibular, and lacks the central canal with
other malformation, generally sever and wide damages appeared in the CNS
in contrast with the control group.

In laboratory evaluation of the parathyroid insecticides
ALPHACHEM® ( %5 EC), DECIS® ( %20 EC) and TRUST® (%25
WP) as protestants for wheat against adults of red Tribalism castaneum,
confused Tribalism confusum and longheaded Latheticus oryzae flour
beetles, and the relative response to toxicities of the these insecticides
were evaluated, according to The LC50 and LC95 values. Mortality was
recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hrs. after exposure to wheat Triticum aestivum
treated with different concentrations of the three insecticides. The LC50
and LC95 values varied with species and exposure period. The toxicity
data obtained against the three species showed that, the adults of
longheaded were generally more susceptible to the three insecticides than
these of red and confused flour beetles. But, the adults of confused
Tribalism confusum flour beetles were more tolerant to ALPHACEM at
24 hour post-exposure, and ALPHACEM and DECIS were more
effective than TRUST. The toxicity of the three insecticides in general,
increased as the exposure period increased.

The present study was coducted to isolate and charactrize the
bacterium Veillonella from dental root caries. Fifty (50) samples were
collected from caries areas inside the oral cavity from patients with denal
root caries visiting teaching hospital of college of dentistry in mosul
university. The samples were cultured directly on selective medium
(Rogosa agar) which inhibit growth of streptococci & diphtheroids
present within the sample because the medium contains the two different
antibiotics (Vancomycin & Streptomycin) also the medium support the
growth of Veillonella because it contains Sodium Lactate which
considered the substrate used for Obtaining energy & growth. fifteen
isolates is a rate of (30%) was idenitified as Veillonella Spp. According
to morphological features using Gram stain and colony morphology on
selective medium when grown under obligate anaerobic condition and
was found negative to cytochrome oxidase test, benzidene test and
carbohydrate fermentation.
The identification of bacterium was verified by exposing the
bacterium to UV radiation (365nm) which resulted in a red flouresence.
The isolates were not identified to the species level because it require
modern genetic techniques not available to us like PCR-P and DNA-RNA
sequence analysis.

Transmissivity detections of the light for liquids by using
electronic circuit which consists in the main part, detector type (CdS:
cadmium Sulphide). The principle operation of this detector depends on
the quantity of incident light on it, where its resistance decreases while
the incident light increases, and its resistance increases when there is no
light [7]. The test operation obtained through the use of electronic
circuit. It is found that the resistance value of the detector is (11441.6)
Ohm, when there is no light (Dark), and for the sample of mercury in its
path detector (11415.5) Ohm, while the resistance detector for the
transparency liquid such as glycerin and kerosene is denoted to
(11210.7) Ohms. So, this is a clear sign to prove the transmissivity of
light in liquids by using electronic circuit.

This paper aims to find the Radon concentration in some materials
used in dentistry field such as temporal and germinant composites,
impression materials, bridges as well as the crowns. The measurement
have been carried out by using the nuclear track detector CR-39. The
results have showed that the Radon content in the irradiation chambers
were about (5.208-14.260) Bq. m-3
, while the Radon contend within the
samples themselves were (0.0513-0.174) Bq.kg-1
. Morever, the
concentration of Uranium and Radium have also been determined and
they ranged between (415.5-1409.4) ppb and (1.403 x10-6
-4.759 x10-6
)
ppb subsequently. The emission rate or the mass inhalation of Radon is
found to be about (0.061x10-7
-1.074x10-7
) Bqkg-1
.d-1

The effect of growth of two bacterial species Rhizobium
leguminosarum biovar vicia and Bacillus subtilis upon growth of five soil
species, Fusarium solani, Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria alternata,
Stemphylum sp., Rhizoctonia solani, was investigated here in rather than
the influence of growth of either bacterial species on the other.
Both B. subtilis and R. leguminosarum have inhibited growth of
total five fungal species with high percentages, on the other hand B.
subtilis inhibited R. leguminosarum growth and dominated it.
We've obtained different results than those above after adding
heavy metals represented with compounds FeCl3, ZnCl2 and CuSO4 with
two concentrations each, though some fungi have grown better with the
presence of CuSO4, whereas ZnCl2 has inhibited growth of all
microorganism species included within this study.
Presence of heavy metal in culture medium is not toxic in small
quantities, rather it may induce growth and rate of some bioactivities.

The present study aims to investigate the effect of using (CaWO4)
as intensifying screen on radiation dose received by patients exposed to
dental investigation by x-ray. It was found that intensifying screen
increases, the radiation dose from )4-6( times according to the properties
of the intensifying materials used. The optical density of the x-ray film
was measured by using densitometer. According to our measurements, a
decrease in radiation dose was approximately 24% for the same condition
.Am241 was used because its energy (59.5keV) is close to the energy of xray in dental radiography

The study aims to determine the optimum thickness for some
moderators which are used for obtaining thermal neutrons and for wide
range of neutron energy (0.03 – 15 × 106
) eV. The study involves two
groups of materials: the first group consisted of H2O, D2O, Be, & C),
while the second one are made of hydrocarbon materials (C25H52,
C6H10O5, C6H12O6, C28H48O2, C18H34O2, C5H10O2, & Tissue equivalent
material). The results revealed that the best moderator in the first group
was water as it has a large scattering macroscopic cross section )∑s),
absorption macroscopic cross section (∑a) and it contains a high
percentage of Hydrogen and that the lowest moderator within the same
group is Graphite (c) since it has a higher diffusion coefficient (D), and
also has a higher diffusion length (L). In the second group, it was found
the best moderator was (C25H52), and the lowest one is (C6H10O5), for the
same reasons mentioned above. Besides, that a lot of physical parameters
are calculated which are related to neutron diffusion in the second group
materials, such as (∑a), (∑s), (D), (L), (H%), (ξ), and molecular weight
(M) for the hydrocarbon compounds.

Determination of hydrodynamic parameters of shock wave were
performed in the inertial plasma confinement which includes: Pressure,
Speed, Mach number, Density of the two region(up stream and down
stream) for the assumed fuel pellet. The shock wave created via the ablation
of the outer shell of fuel pellet, through exposed it the laser and
consequently caused to compressed the liquid fuel material (D-T) to moved
directed to the center of pellet. Coding of numerical solutions (finite
difference technique) of hydrodynamic equations by using a scientific
language Matlab version (R2006a) in the smoothing and drawing of the data.

We study in this paper, how to use the perturbation method to find
the solvability condition for certain boundary value problem of fourth
order which has the form:
(( 1) ( ) ) 0 , 1
(4)
y     f x y   
with y
(a) 0 , y
(a) 0 , y
(b) 0 , y
(b) 0
Where

is an eigenvalue and
f (x)
is a continuous function
defined on interval
[a,b],a  b

The research presented a maintenance administration of electrical
instruments system to study principal information for instruments
maintenance works including repair observation of instruments activities the
minute the instruments enter the maintenance center and giving maintenance
orders, observing the maintenance works, replacing, fixing the new spare
parts and diagnosing the technicians who carried out the job until the end of
maintenance process.
The system provides the maintenance center with a collection of
reports that arrange all the jobs through which one can know the type of
daily jobs and monitoring the execution maintenance plan in order to make a
unify work the system observe the nature of cooperation between
maintenance departments, colleges, centers, and directorates within the
university framework in addition to compliance with the future maintenance
works itself.
A (foxpro 6) language was used for programming the system due to
the facilities that can be gained from this language in the field of processing
the folders and forming the required screens needed for the achievement the
system. the system be operated with any type of personal computer
available

The movement of travelers represents a good induction to the train
transference efficiency with the existence of another indications. So the
research aims to recognize, the impact of one of the basic variables was
(transference technique) which is represented with (Travelers vehicle and
locomotive) and its relationship with the dependent variable which is
(The travelers transference) during the years (1970-2000). This period
was divided to two periods. that is represent qualitative shift in this filed
and in another hand represent a big negligence for this field and these
findings are expressed by mathematical models by using the ridge
regression approach