Dirasat Mosiliya

The book (Aihsin altaqasim fi maerifat alaqalim) by Al-Maqdisi, d.: 380 AH / 990 AD, was of great importance among the geographical works, and it received wide attention from Orientalist scholars and researchers because of its geographical value in its comprehensive review of the regions, cities and villages of the land, even if the economic aspect came from agriculture and industry. and trade on most of its descriptions, but it is one of the most important geographical works that we have received from the fourth century AH / tenth century AD, whose author made extensive trips that included most of the cities and through which he presented important descriptions based on the field trip, which was embodied in his book.

Dowries are regarded as rights imposed on husbands and as a social custom resulting from intermarriages. We did not find any book in the Arab heritage books dealing with dowries and what is related to them, while our information about them came largely from books of general histories and sometimes from translated books or books of jurisprudence. The research deals with dowries in the governing families in Mosul between the fourth and seventh AH centuries / the tenth and thirteenth centuries AD, and their impact and dimensions on the relations between those ruling families and the neighboring powers, such as the intermarriages of the Hamdani family with the Marwanid State (380-478 AH/989-1085 AD), and the Zangi family with the State the Ayyubids (567-648 AH / 1174-1250 AD), and perhaps the most important results of the research are that these dowries were the product of projects of political marriage and mutual gains between the rulers of Mosul (the Hamdanids, the Uqilis, the Seljuk princes, and the Zangid Atabegs) together with their neighboring countries in the Euphrates Island and the Levant. It is noted that there is an exaggeration in the amount of dowries in these families, according to what is mentioned by some historical sources.
Key words: dowries, Mosul, ruling families, the Hamdanis and the Zangids

The research focused on the scientific links between Mosul and Baghdad in the sixth century AH / twelfth century AD, as Baghdad was a destination for scholars since the first Abbasid era, while Mosul reached the peak of its scientific status in the sixth century AH, and scientific trips between the two cities were among the most important means of scientific links between them, therefore, the research focused on the journeys of science , the scholars who were from Mosul and Baghdad and travelled between the two cities and those who visited them from scholars from other cities, or those who met them in cities except Mosul and Baghdad, such as Aleppo and Damascus, and in both Mosul and Baghdad there were encyclopedic scholars who were a destination for students of science

This paper is an attempt at clarifying the role of a number of distinguished Mosuli people whose biographies were mentioned in (An Abridgement of Ibn al-Dubaythí's History) by al-Dhahabí by Al-Thahabee (748AH / 1348 AD) , as far as their scientific journeys to Baghdad are concerned in the period between the 6th and 7th Centuries AH and the 12th and 13th centuries AD. The main reason behind their journeys to Baghdad was to be taught by the Sheikhs of the city and to listen to the scientific Workbooks from their original authors. Due to the reputation that those distinguished people had, they got important professions in Baghdad. In the opposite direction, there were journeys in the other direction from Baghdad to Mosul for the same reason mentioned earlier

The Ottoman Archive, represented by the Prime Minister, is an important source for studying the history of the components of Ottoman society, as it provides important information about the nature of their social and religious conditions.
Hence, we aim in our study to show the nature of the existing relations between the Ottoman Empire as a ruler and between the Christians in the states of Mosul and Egypt as Their subjects for the period 1839-1861, due to the close relation that unites the Christian sects between the two states.
The importance of the study comes from the fact that it is based on the documents of the Ottoman archives preserved in Istanbul, and it shows us the nature of the existing relations between them, especially after the issuance of charitable organizations in which Christians expressed their deep gratitude to the Ottoman Sultan, rather than the desire of the Ottoman Empire to implement this on the ground away from European interventions This desire is documented by the documents used in the study

This study seeks to reveal the importance of bread, the stages of its appearance and its names, and to trace its words as mentioned in our cultural heritage, such as proverbs, beliefs, customs and popular traditions associated with it, and revealed the implications resulting from its employment in our Mosul cultural heritage.