Journal of the College of Education for Women

In this age – in which dangers have raided language eloquence and statement - the Quran remains the greatest preservence of the sound language, and the greatest supporter for its people to preserve its richness and eloquence. It remains with it, as the night and day remain. This study revolves around the preservation of the Holy Quran and its impact on the language of the child. It consists of an introduction which includes the importance of the subject, the research plan, and methodology, and three sections. The first one is about the virtue of memorizing the Quran, and the benefits of memorizing it in general, and the second section deals with the impact of memorizing the Quran in the language of the child. It is represented in the following manifestations: - Tasting beautiful speech, - The integrity of pronunciation and eloquence of the tongue, - The integrity of the expression, - Verbal richness and eloquence of expression, - Proficiency in reading and writing. The third section is about the practical steps to nurture the language of the child by memorizing the Holy Quran, including: - Graduation in the teaching and memorization of the Quran, - Repetition and revision, - Understanding the verses and the statement of what is strange, -Then the conclusion, and the most important results, and finally the index of sources and references.

Terrorism is a serious problem for many societies today. This research aims to identify the impact of terrorism and displacement crisis on human security, which was a shock to the Iraqi society in terms of its impact on the psychological, social and economic conditions of the individual, family, and society. The variety of methods of carrying out the terrorist operations that resulted from the phenomenon of human displacement witnessed by Iraq since the middle of 2014. This phenomenon has its demographic, political and social dimensions.
In order to achieve the goal of this study and the importance of the subject, the social survey method was used by selecting a sample of 200 IDPs in a compound for displaced families (tent of Iraq). The main findings of the research are that the vast majority of respondents stress the responsibility of official local authorities and international organizations to assist the displaced and secure their chances of recovery and that most of the respondents are embarrassed to be called IDPs.
The study found a set of important conclusions and recommendations calling for the legal enactment of the rights of displaced persons and protecting them from all forms of violence and neglect. The most important recommendations of the modest research focus on the reintegration of displaced people and return them to the community and achieve their human security, as well as the enactment of legal legislation to ensure the rights of displaced people and protect them from all forms of violence and neglect and ensure their access to live a decent life.

The present study aims at representing the importance of Quranic readings in the interpretation of the meaning of the Holly Quran in Imam Al Wahidi’s interpretation “Al Wasiet”, declaring its meaning, and eliminating of the paradox which takes place when trying to understand the intention of the Almighty Allah in His Holly book. The study aims at:
1- Defining the paradox linguistically and in terminology according to the formatives or the fundamentalists, the scientist of interpretation and of the Quranic sciences.2-Reasoning paradox in the Quranic readings: Believing in matters that disagree with the Holly Quran and Sunnis, variety of the subjects in the verses, disagreement of the place and the place for the verses, the different phases informant, variety of the verb in verses, the prophetic effective verses on different circumstances, variety of the pronunciation, the allusion of paradox between the verse and the Hadeeth of the Prophet, the eccentricity of statements, disappearance of syntax, the paradox concerning the grammar and structure of words, the summary and shortness, hesitation of the meaning of the verse between the is opposing or agreed concept , and multitude of the readings in the verses and raising its paradox with explanatory examples.
Methods:
1- Presenting examples from the verses with paradox by Imam Al-Wahidi in his interpretation of “Al Wasiet” in the Holly Quran.
2-Stating the attitude of the explainer about the paradox in the meaning of some reading of some verses.
3- showing how Imam Al Wahidi is considered as one of the advanced explainers (468 t), and how his interpretation “Al Wasiet” is considered as a reliable sources for the Quranic readings.
Results:
1- The variety and differences in the readings make the readings easier and remove the difficulties in reading the Holy Quran for people .
2- The differences in the readings influence the clarity in meaning and remove the doubt.

In our time, not too long ago, the universities of the world have been fast to take care of the study of an innovative type of technical and human studies, called the science of \"comparative literature\". Comparative research studies have grown and flourished rapidly in response to the demands of both mental and artistic life. This shows the increasing awareness at both the modern national and the international levels in order to develop through connecting with the international intellectual, nental and artistic currents to nurture ethics and originality. Comparative studies show that the beginning of the comparative literature goes back to the time when the Latin literature was connected to the Greek literature and the comparative literature was shaped in the era of European Renaissance. Today, it is one of the most authentic sciences in universities, with complex branches, due to its being an inevitable result of increasing human awareness and the result of the great demand by the conscious public to benefit from the many human and cognitive aspects provided by the comparative literature through its connection with the heritage of the world literature and unity of the human spirit in its past and present. One of the most important factors of the prosperity of any civilization is the degree of contact with and benefit from other civilizations. Long time ago, different cultures were used to enrich each other, and the relationship between cultures took many forms such as imitation, translation, influencing others, as well as the exchange of information between cultures, in addition to intellectual and cultural invasion and domination. It is impossible to imagine that a particular culture evolved without any contact with other cultures. Instead, any isolated culture certainly suffered from deterioration. If intercultural relations existed for a long time, the rapid development of communication and the modern revolution in information technology undoubtedly and greatly facilitated intercultural exchange and thus increased the new horizons of each culture. Due to the high level of intercultural relations at present, it became extremely difficult to study any literature without comparisons. Besides, the comparison has become widespread in most important studies. The cultural exchange involving literary exchange between Iraq and Iran has been going on for a long time in one way or another as a result of the geographical convergence between the two countries, the unity of belonging to Islam, trade and cultural exchange, and linguistic metaphor and translation. So, it is necessary to study the comparative literature in a broader and deeper way because knowing our cultural identity partly helps us to be aware of the other cultural identities that exist within us, and of the knowledge factors that contribute to the formation of our culture. Consequently, any study in the field of comparative literature is a study of true and noble identity that is opened to other human beings, without distorting the individual’s identity or revoking the indivdidual’s social, environment or national affiliationl.

The study examined the assessment of raw water and drinking water projects of Diyala Governorate for the year 2017, amounting to (24) projects, The average per capita supply of potable water (0.396 m3 / day/person), which is less than the global standard for the average per capita of drinking water, and constitute water rumors within the network of water transport in the province (3%), and the water of raw and drinking value within the limits allowed to be used by Iraq and the global indicators of {Total acidity, alkaline, acidic function, chlorides, magnesium, Electrical conductivity, total soluble salts, sodium, potassium, sulfates, turbidity other than (raw water)}. While the index of calcium only a value higher than the limits allowed to be used in Iraq and the world, The percentage of the reduction in the value of indicators for raw water was fluctuated before pumping to citizens for drinking in drinking water projects in the governorate, The highest rate of reduction was recorded for the turbidity index (79.95%), Magnesium (3.7%), acidic function (2.67%), Total precipitation (0.66%), sulfate (0.52%), electrical conductivity (0.41%), Total dissolved salts (0.21%), and there is no reduction (0%) for the indicators (calcium, sodium) together, While the indicators recorded a negative value of reduction (basal-0.77%), chlorides (6.38%), potassium (3.03%), The treatment plant units in these projects do not show the efficiency to remove the pollutants properly.

Child's personality development in Islam, in fact, represents the building of the Islamic community and a step on the way for the establishment of life, state, law, and civilization in accordance with the blessed Islamic principles, in order to achieve the happiness of the human being and to protect the components of society and preserve human safety. Child is the issue of interest across many years. Paying heed to childhood issues is not a recent one. The faith of these communities in the child's rights and his education, which makes a man who cherishes himself and his language and homeland.
The success of Islamic goals, the happiness of the individual and the safety of society depend on the integrity of the process of education, which urge us to dedicate a great deal of our efforts, practices, and interests to the proper development and preparation of the child, to be a good person and a useful member of the Islamic community, and to have a constructive and effective role in life, as well as being prepared for the proper living in the context of great Islam, consistent with its reality and its own tendencies with Islamic law. According to the above, the problem of research in the principles and methods of religious education of the Holy Quran and the Sunnah of the Muslim child.
The researcher used the analytical descriptive approach by reference to the primary sources relevant to the subject and then presented the types of education and its various aspects that should be taken care of in order to prepare a good citizen. It also became clear that there is religious, social, psychological, mental and scientific education. In Islamic legislation, which is exemplified by example and preaching and stir up emotion, education, encouragement, and intimidation. Educational experiences have proven that the best means of integrity of behavior and ethics is education based on religious belief and raising the individual on moral principles and behavioral and emotional virtues, including the righteousness and respect of parents, and the commitment of literature in dealing with others starting with the family and ending with various social institutions.
The study also revealed the existence of educational and social institutions that broadcast the science and knowledge of the Muslim child and was raised in the embrace of the guidance of Islam. Finally, the study presents a set of recommendations, the most important of which is the need to work on the construction of an Islamic educational theory, mercy in childhood and a guarantee for the happiness of humanity.

The research aims to know the effectiveness of a training program based on multiple intelligence theory in developing literary thinking among students of the Arabic Language Department at Ibn Rushd School of Humanities and to achieve the goal of research, the Safaris Research Institute, and the research community of Arabic language students in the Faculty of Education the third section of Arabic Language: The research sample consists of (71) students. Divided into (35) students in the experimental group and (36) students in the control group, the researcher balanced between the two groups with variables (intelligence, testing of tribal literary thinking, and time age in months), and after using the T-test for two independent samples, the results show the superiority of the students of the experimental group who studied according to the training program, and suggested a number of recommendations have been given.

This research aims to identify the impact of the selective model in acquiring the concepts of Kurdish grammar among female students in the eighth grade, and to achieve the goal of research, the researcher selected the experimental design with partial control and dimensional testing; the sample includes basic schools in the Chim district of Chamal/ Sulaymaniyah and randomly selected the basic school (Maha Bad) to be the field of application of the experiment and the random drawing method was chosen: two out of three sections and the number of students of the two sections is (75) students; section (C) represents the experimental group that studied the rules according to the selective model and its number is (37) students, while section (A) represents the controlling group that studied the rules using the traditional way and its number is (37) students, and the researcher conducted a parity in the variables (degrees of the previous year in the Kurdish language, intelligence, previous information.
The researcher prepared a test concerning the acquisition of concepts as a tool for research applied to the research groups and the experiment continued a full semester (first semester) during which the teacher of grammar taught the two groups of research according to the teaching plans and behavioral goals developed by the researcher for each topic. At the end of the experiment, the research tool has been applied for the research groups and after analyzing the results statistically using T-Test for two independent samples. The result showed the superiority of the students of the experimental group who studied the material of the rules according to the selective model of the students of the controlling group.

To investigate the research objectives, the researchers put the following hypothesis: There was no statistically significant difference at the level of (0.05) between the average score of the students of the experimental group who studied the language of rhetoric according to model of learning method, and the average score of the students of the control group who studied the same article in the traditional way acquiring rhetorical concept. The researchers relied on the experimental design with the partial setting of the post-test, which depends on the experimental group that is taught using the model of the learning method, and the control group taught using the traditional method. The research sample consists of (69) female students, (34) students in the experimental group, and (35) students in the control group, the differences between the two groups in (age, intelligence) have been considered. Then, the researchers tried to adjust a number of extraneous variables that may affect the dependent variable. The 137
researchers studied the two research groups and included the following subjects: Courage, Genetics, Disability, and Interview. In order to conduct the research experiment, the researchers identified the rhetorical concepts in the three chapters, which reached (8) historical concepts, and formulated behavioral goals in the light of their acquisition processes (concept definition, concept differentiation, concept application) Writing instructional plans and preparing the acquisition test of rhetorical concepts. The following statistical methods: (TEST for two independent samples, the difficulty and discrimination coefficient, and the coefficient of correlation Pearson and Seberman) have been used, and the following conclusion appeared:1. The students of the experimental group who studied according to the model of the learning process were superior to the students of the control group who studied the traditional way of acquiring rhetorical concepts In the light of the results of the research, a number of conclusions about teaching using the model of learning appeared and a set of recommendations and suggestions are given.

Turkish policy towards Africa witnessed important developments over time that began before the Ottoman era and then developed during the Ottoman era when the Ottoman state played an important role in maintaining security by confronting Portuguese interventions in North Africa and sending military aid. Thus, the Ottoman state was able to develop its policy towards Africa for important considerations based mainly on the employment of the religious factor and the spread of Islam for the African acceptance of the Ottomans in the African territories and thus, achieve economic, strategic and political motives. Later, these relations declined in the Republican era due to the weak political and economic potential of Turkey on the one hand and the Republic's orientations towards the West and the severance of relations with the Arab-Islamic East on the other. The relationship with Africa, according to Turkish politicians at the time, does not benefit Turkey in its orientation towards the West in order to join the European Union. Under the AKP, Turkey's government, led by Recep Tayyip Erdogan, has placed Africa at the top of its foreign agenda. This interest was reflected in the promotion of political, economic and cultural rapprochement through openness to Africa and Turkey's announcement of its new strategy to develop its economic relations with the African Union countries By providing Turkish development assistance to the African continent through projects, investments and trade exchange between the two parties, in addition to spreading the Turkish language and culture by opening schools and universities. Thus, Turkey was able to build a solid base for its political and economic influence outside the EU, which means imposing the new policy of Ottomans' and creating an international Islamic axis. Turkey, through its policy of opening up to the continent, also tried to find its position as a contender for the superpowers through the dimensions of rival powers, including Iran and Israel, and to draw the attention of the United States. With this new policy, Turkey is trying to preserve its true status and political and historical weight as an important regional state and an ever-evolving economic power.

The Caves within Surdash that are located in the northwest of Sulaymaniyah governorate in Iraq within the area (672) km district have been studied as they characterized by natural variable criteria reflected in turn on caves formation. One of the remarkable criteria is the characteristic of geological formations which include(12) Geological Formation, (6)of them Karst with high permeability. The field study showed that a high number of Caves in these karst formations in addition to the prevalence of geological formations with (75) linear structures extending NE-SW directions as well as the availability of water resources. Studies approved that caves vary in their sizes according to inverse relationship between caves areas and how close or far from sea level, thus, caves areas (square meters) were from (6-2176m2) within heights from (500-1600m) above sea level, also the study demonstrates that caves vary in their lengths from (4-1200m) besides doing the comprehensive study for geomorphologic and geological characteristics for caves and doing morphemic measurements of them.
Thy study has concluded that uses of caves vary over time even for a single cave and now its uses vary as animal's shelter, tourism, and religious or with no use.

The Caves within Surdash that are located in the northwest of Sulaymaniyah governorate in Iraq within the area (672) km district have been studied as they characterized by natural variable criteria reflected in turn on caves formation. One of the remarkable criteria is the characteristic of geological formations which include(12) Geological Formation, (6)of them Karst with high permeability. The field study showed that a high number of Caves in these karst formations in addition to the prevalence of geological formations with (75) linear structures extending NE-SW directions as well as the availability of water resources. Studies approved that caves vary in their sizes according to inverse relationship between caves areas and how close or far from sea level, thus, caves areas (square meters) were from (6-2176m2) within heights from (500-1600m) above sea level, also the study demonstrates that caves vary in their lengths from (4-1200m) besides doing the comprehensive study for geomorphologic and geological characteristics for caves and doing morphemic measurements of them.
Thy study has concluded that uses of caves vary over time even for a single cave and now its uses vary as animal's shelter, tourism, and religious or with no use.

The degree of the woman’s satisfaction on clothing depends, to a large extent, on the body measurements. If clothing is very wide, it shows her enormous and if it is too tight it may draw attention to the defects of the body. It may also lead to the compatibility or incompatibility of clothing with fashion. Whatever the quality of the garment in terms of sewing and design, the costume which is not suitable for body size may affect the physical style negatively and may give the wearer an improper look. Clothing was carried out without measurements and did not use models (templates). The method of preparation affected the overall appearance because it often did not fit the shape of the body completely. Therefore, people thought in many ways to come up with accurate models based on body measurements. The good configuration of the template is a major goal sought by whoever works in the field of clothing. The process of implementing clothes using modern ways relies on different basic templates, either flat or formed on the manikins. The bases of building models depend on accuracy, high skill, and exercise. The present study is intended to create a way to draw a new base template, that gives results closer to those done on the manikins. The study has reached into the conclusion that the new model has given positive results with regard to accuracy and compatibility. Modulation on the manikin and flat drawing style together are the best in terms of setting and suitability for the Iraqi female bodies.

The research aims to develop alternatives to transportation at the entrance to the Educational City (University of Baghdad) during the morning and evening peaks, which result from of the traffic congestion at the entrances to the educational city (the University of Baghdad), and affects the emotional, functional, and social performance of the whole city, and leads to hotbeds of confluence and congestion at the entrances in the morning and evening peaks. This movement was measured on the ground for pedestrians and vehicles. Some criteria were adopted to determine the density of road length to the area and density of roads for the number of users and the rate of the area served by roads. The research reviews the experiences of some countries to solve the problem of overcrowding and the application of their standards and its applications to the problem of research to determine the correctness with the study case. The use of spatial data and the construction of a database through geographic information systems (GIS) software enables a spatial analysis to select temporary functional alternatives for these entrances to ensure easier and smoother traffic in the study area, as well as proposals for some theoretical alternatives. One of the most important findings of the research that the Education City needs additional double functional entrances and exits.

This research shows the social aspects in the Kingdom of Mali ,through Ibn Battuta's book Tuhfat Alnuddar in Garaeb Al Amsar Wa Ajaeb Al Asfar deceased 779 AH, 1377 A.D of and the most prominent social aspects in terms of food, clothing, customs
and traditions which have become the basis in the aspects of human civilization and the historical reflections throughout the ages has enriched these geographic sources and books of trips the historical library of abundant quantity of information benefited us in our historical and social study our and the intellectual dimensions in our honorable cultural history.
The Kingdom of Mali is one of the greatest Islamic countries that emerged in Western Sudan especially and in Africa and the sub-Saharan region in general. It played an important role in spreading Islam. Muslims were interested in the composition of geographical books, especially those that are concerned with the geography of the cities where they were concerned with the aspects and manifestations of civilization, the centers of political power, the axes of the collection, the points of defense, the platforms of religion, the population and others. One of those Muslims is Ibn Battuta's book.
Ibn Battuta, on his journey to the Kingdom, adopted the method of direct observation and description of its kings and sultans and the conditions of the environment, peoples, and personalities. He spoke of everything he saw, and he did not rely on research and investigation of the events that confront them, but conveyed them as he saw them. So we noticed that he overlooked some aspects, for example, the geographical location or type of population living in the region, and he was similar in some things with the African traveler (Lyon). Ibn Battuta showed the most prominent manifestations of luxury and rich people. It is concluded that there is class differentiation in society, so there are rich and poor people who are landless and slaves. Thus, we recommend paying heed to the geographical heritage to highlight the Arab-Islamic role in human civilization.

Complex and complex psychological processes are complexand are the result of convergence, convergence and interaction between variables, including the subject of mediation or group or individual and psychological processes involved in the variance, including - personal knowledge and emotional tone (Osman, 1987, p. 8 ). An emotionally balanced individual has the ability to endure and delay meeting needs and has the ability to endure as much as possible. Of the emotional balance of the individual is characterized by emotional stability, show some signs of emotional agitation toward any kind of opposition, anger and realism in self-life and discipline (Swift, 1996, p. 44) Van, et al. , Indicates that people with low emotional balance, a few friends, friends who are like them, while Chrystal (2012) noted that the high emotional balance is not envy, patient, easy to think, balance me low benefit, where they are jealous.

Traditionally, style is defined as the expressive, emotive or aesthetic emphasis added linguistically to the discourse with its meaning is the same. In the current study, however, style is defined as the linguistic choice that the language users can make for specific purposes.
This study, thus, aims at analyzing political Arabic and English speeches to find out whether there are differences of style between English and Arabic and whether the choices the language users make can show any traits of their psychological status.
To fulfill the above aims, the study hypothesizes that English and Arabic speeches can be analyzed stylistically and that there are stylistic differences between English and Arabic.
Two political speeches have been selected to be the data of this paper. The first is an Arabic one by the former Egyptian president Jamal Abdul Nasir. The second is an English one by president David Johnston, governor of Canada.
The model adopted here is an eclectic one. Style, according to this model, is defined as the choice the language user made at two axes; direct and indirect. The direct choice is determined relying on the theory of systemic functional grammar. At the indirect axis choice, the traditional approach of style is adopted.
The study comes to some conclusions the most important of which is that language users utilize unconsciously linguistic choices to express their points of view and intentions which say a lot about their psychological status and thus their characters.

Newspaper headlines are described as compressed and ambiguous pieces of discourse that represent the bodies of the articles. Their main function is to provide the readers with an informative message they would have no prior idea about. Ifantidou (2009) claims that the function of a headline is to get the readers’ attention rather than providing information because it does not have to represent the whole of the article it refers to. This paper aims at examining this hypothesis in relation to scientific news headlines reported by a number of news agencies. The paper follows Halliday (1967) information structure theory by applying it on ten selected headlines; each two headlines represent one scientific discovery reported by different news agencies. One of them is presented by the most popular news agency on science; National Geographic then it is compared to one of the well-known news agencies like BBC, Reuters or Yahoo. The results showed that scientific news headlines are more informative than being just catchy headlines. It is also found that National Geographic news agency is more informative than any other agency because it is specialized in science. It is concluded that the more new information units a headline includes the less ambiguous it is for the readers.

A reduplicative word is an important phenomenon in all language studies because it reflects many functions in language communication such as plurality, emphasis, contrast, imitation. The various instances of reduplicative words in a particular language reflect the richness and uniqueness of that language. Moreover, such variation gives insights into both culture and thought. A reduplicative word is a linguistic phenomenon found in the syntactic, morphological, phonological and semantic levels. The current study aims at investigating the illocutionary force of English reduplicative words in some selected English colloquial utterances. To achieve this aim, an analytical -pragmatic approach has been used by adopting Searle’s (1979) classifications of speech acts in order to identify and analyze the illocutionary force of reduplicative words. The results show that EFL learners face difficulties in identifying the illocutionary forces because of the lack of the cultural background concerning these reduplicative words. The majority of errors committed by the participants are found in production test due to the fact that Iraqi EFL learners are ignorant and unfamiliar with producing such words as well as these words require much more awareness, attention and practice.Finally, they have committed less errors in the recognition test due to the fact that they have somehow pragmatic competence and background knowledge regarding these words.