Kirkuk Journal of Science

The trend nowadays is towards communication and the way to communicate between the
source and destination remotely. This work presents a new technique to communicate among
different locations, either automatically or based on notification request. The work
methodology was proposed to connect among FOUR different locations and store the data of
each individual location periodically. For more applicability, the data chosen to be shared
between the four locations are the substantial weather station items identified by
(Temperature, Humidity, and Wind speed). Hereby, the tendency is to design robust real time
weather station system in order to realize climate conditions at the proposed locations.
Finally, the communication module that was chosen to run the system is Arduino
microcontroller GSM shield.

The aim of this study was to investigate person carries bacteria that cause typhoid fever
(Salmonella typhi) in patients with cholelithiasis. For this purpose 50 sample of gallbladder
tissue and 21sample only of bile salts(available only)collectedfrom the same patientswith
cholelithiasis who subject to surgical removal in Azadi Teaching Hospital and Kirkuk General
Hospital , in period from September 2016 to March 2017. The result showed that there was
three out of 50 patients with gallstones were carried the bacteria which causes typhoid fever
and this give ratio 6%. Females they was more than male in carried the pathogenic bacteria
that give ratio 6.89% and 4.67% for females and males, respectively. Our study shows an
association between presence stone in gallbladder and the presence of bacteria caused typhoid
fever .

A layered technique formulation through the depth of reinforced concrete beam section is
devoted to develop an incremental-iterative algorithm suitable for the analysis of beams
strengthened by CFRP laminates under monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. Concrete
nonlinear behavior in compression through loading, unloading, and reloading stages is
considered with a tension-stiffening model to represent concrete in tension. A bilinear
behavior with strain hardening model of steel reinforcement bars through loading, unloading,
and reloading stages is used. A computer program Matlab code is developed and verified
through comparisons with given experimental case studies available in literature, which show
good agreement. Extending the present algorithm to include different sections, hybrid beams,
and long term effects are recommended as future work.

The recovered sedimentary organic matter from the Tithonian-Berriasian Chia Gara
Formation was studied from three selected wells of Ajil-12 (Aj-12), Hamrin-1 (Hr-1), and
Tikrit-3 (Tk-3) in Northern Iraq. Amorphous organic matters appeared to be the dominant
components of the organic matters within the formation with more than 93%, whereas
phytoclasts and palynomorphs comprised only few percentages. As no intensive variations
observed in the percentages of the determined organic matters along the studied Chia Gara
Formation except a slight increase in phytoclasts and palynomorphs in its uppermost part,
therefore the formation considered to be representing only one mainpalynofacies type that
subdivided into two secondary palynofacies. Using Tyson's APP ternary, the formation
appeared to be deposited in a distal suboxic-anoxic basin. As source rock, the formation in the
studied locations contains moderate to very good quantity of organic matters which compose
mainly of type II and Type III kerogen (separately or mixed). The whole formation has the
ability to generate oil or gas except the upper part of the formation in the location of the well
Aj-12 in which less than the lower limit of the required S2 values for considering as source
rock is recorded.

The present research aimed to evaluate contamination levels of soil by heavy metals. Eight
sites were selected for the collection of soil samples. The soil samples analyzed for eight
heavy metals namely As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn by using ICP-MS technology. The
spatial distribution patterns of environmental assessment factors and indices were drawn using
Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which is gives understanding for the geographical
distribution of contamination levels in the area. The heavy metals contamination assessed by
using several environmental factors and indices: Contamination Factor, Degree of
Contamination, Pollution load Index, Enrichment Factor, Geo-accumulation Index, Nemerow
Index. The environmental factors and indices showed that the soil was moderate to heavily
contaminated by studied heavy metals. The EF values indicated that the metals Pb, Cr, Co,
Cu, and Zn were enriched from natural sources, while the metals As, Cd, and Ni were
enriched from anthropogenic sources.

The Directorate of Dormitories at the University of Kirkuk offers full accommodated
rooms to the male and female students. However, the directorate registers and assigns the
accommodations manually. Therefore, a visiting has been made to the directorate to identify
the problems of this system. It is found that the manual system suffers from several issues
such as wasting time, losing data and extra charges in documenting students' information.
Additionally, delays in replying to students’ enquiries, and ignoring their discipline in
distributing them among the accommodations. This paper proposes using an e-governance
system to tackle the identified problems. The proposed system permits the student to register
online and provides him/her with an id card. The id card consists of a serial number, ISBN
and student's room information in the accommodation. To design the system, a number of
programming languages is used: (PHP, HTML, JAVA SCRIPT and CSS). Furthermore, SPSS
software has implemented to evaluate the system. The evaluation has shown significant merits
in terms of the reliability and speeding up of assigning rooms to the students among the
accommodations. The distribution of the students is according to students discipline.
Furthermore, the system determines the capacity of each accommodation precisely. Moreover,
decreasing in time wasting and tiredness that may students face in the traditional manual
system. Additionally, reducing the physical contact between the students and the employees.
Consequently, the proposed system gathers students' information in an electronic archiving
which may lead to easiness in importing their information in the future.

A four-term CG-method based on pure conjugacy condition are proposed, Research
activities on extending three-term CG-method to the four-term conjugate gradient method.
The new method shown that the suggested CG-methods owns the sufficient descent
property. The global convergence of the proposed scheme with the general Wolfe conditions
under a suitable assumption was verified. Finally, the computational experiment show that
the new method is efficient and robust.

The aim of this paper is to determine the bulk etch rate Vb of the nuclear track detector
CR-39 using the method based on measuring the thickness of the layer removed from the
surface of the detector (the thickness difference) by the chemical etching, and then studying
how to change it with the temperature of the etching solution to extract an empirical
relationship between them. The detector samples were etched in a 6 N of NaOH solution at
temperatures 80, 70, 60 and 501
oC, and the thickness of the removed layer was determined
by successive measuring the detector thickness for etching times of 1-9 h increasing with 1 h
intervals. The results showed that the values of Vb range between 2.351-0.605 μm/h for
etching temperature 50-80 oC respectively. An exponential relationship was obtained between
the bulk etch rate and the etching temperature. It was noted that the results were consistent
with that obtained by other studies using the track Length-diameter- (Le-D) measurement
method. The slight difference in Vb magnitudes between the compared results is due to the
slight difference in the concentration of the etching solution in certain cases as well as the
difference of the detector origin and the method of measurement.

Hepatitis B infection is a worldwide healthcare problem, especially in developing areas.
The current study was to evaluate the alterations in different biochemical parameters
including paraoxonase (PON), 5′-Nucleotidase (5NT), total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect
bilirubin, Prothrombin time (PT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase
(AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total serum protein (TSP), albumin (Alb), Superoxide
dismutase (SOD) and ɣ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) in the serum samples of the viral
hepatitis patients (n=100) compared with healthy controls(n=100). This study shown that
there were significant increase (p<0.05) in the TSB, D. Bilirubin, In. Bilirubin, AST, ALT,
PT, GGT, 5-NT, and ALP in viral hepatitis patients compared to their respective normal
controls and there were significant decrease (p<0.05) in the serum (PON, SOD) activities,
TSP and albumin concentration. It can be concluded that PON, 5-NT, SOD, ALT, AST, ALP
and GGT may be specific method for making a diagnosis of viral hepatitis and also in
distinguishing it with other kinds of hepatitis.

In this study, some of the new compounds have been synthesized including some of
different Schiff bases (1-6) via the reaction of phenyl-1,4-diamine with substituted
benzaldehyde in absolute ethanol and converted into derivatives of 1,3-oxazepine-4,7-dione
(7-12) via ring closure reaction [2+5] of Schiff bases with maleic anhydride in dry benzene
then the 1, 3- oxazepine -4, 7- compounds (7-12) were reacted with phenylhydrazine to
produce 1,3-diazepine-4,7-dione (13-18). The prepared compounds were characterized by
determination of melting point, FT-IR and UV-Visspectra, and some of the prepared
compounds have been characterized by (1H-NMR& C.H.N.) techniques.

Active areas of bismuth Hall Probe sensors in the range (0.1 – 1) µm have been fabricated
on Si/SiO2 with GaAs substrates at thickness of bismuth from (40, 60 and 70) nm by Electron
Beam Lithography (EBL) and lift-off process. Scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM)
technique at room temperature (300) K used to study Hall voltage, characterization of the
noise figures and minimum detectable fields. Results are presented for both 0.4µm sensor,
which is found minimum detectable fields (Bmin) 1.1 G/ Hz0.5 with dc currents about 5µA.
But minimum detectable fields for HP size 0.6 µm at dc currents 20µA is Bmin 0.6 G/Hz0.5
The performance of our Hall probe devices at 300K could be improved still further are
discussed.

Dibenzyl acetone was prepared from the reaction of one mole acetone with two moles of
benzaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide as a base. A number of quinoline were
prepared by refluxing the dibenzyl acetone with aniline and its derivatives (o, m, and pnitoaniline; m, and p-hydroxyaniline; p-chloroaniline and p-toluidine).
The structures of the prepared compounds were assigned according to elemental analyses
results as well as UV-visible and IR spectra.

Physical, chemical and bacteriological properties of drinking water and its quality index in
Mosul University were determined. WQI was calculated through twelve parameters of tested
results, this index usage in representation of the overall quality of water WQI for any intended
use, drinking water samples were collected from eighteen sites in Mosul University, and
analyzed to determined water quality parameters during summer 2008.
The study results indicated that al properties in safe international permissible limits for
drinking water, except TPC which reached 800 cell/ml, the overall average of WQI reached
249; this high value belongs to high bacterial count which classified as very poor water.

The effect of some growth regulators on intiation ,grwth and differtiate of Alfalfa callus
was studied .The search results showed a distinction MS media supplemented with growth
regulators such as Kin ( 0.1 mg\l) +2,4-D( 1.0 mg \l) were distinguished in promoting callus
formation from leaves and roots of Medicago sativa plants at ratio 90 and 100% successively.
On the other hand the medium Kin (2.0mg\L) +2,4-D (2.0mg\L) formed callus from hypocotyl
stem of seedlings in addition to formation of regeneration branches at number reached to 24
and of ratio 20% in one period.

The research includes studying the effect of hydrocephalus on metal elements and kidney
function in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) which include of parameters : Iron (Fe), Cupper
(Cu), Zinc(Zn), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Phosphorus
(P), Chloride (Cl), Urea and Creatinine. The study was done on (176) sample had
hydrocephalus (110) were male and (66) were female and (67) were healthy children as
control group( 39) were male and (33) were female the age of children with hydrocephalus
and control group ranged from 1-14 month for both sex.
The results showed there was a significant increase in Fe, Cu, K, Na, Cl and P in the CSF
for children with hydrocephalus patients in comparison with healthy group for both sex, and a
significant decrease was shown in the levels of Zn, Mg and Ca.
Beside of that, the results showed the kidney functions were affected by significant high
levels of urea and creatinine in CSF for both sexes of hydrocephalus patients in comparison
with healthy group.

Photovoltaic module surface soiling due to dust deposition is a common problem,
especially in the desert environment. In Iraq, Massive dust and sand-storms are environmental
phenomena that frequently occurs during the year. Increasing desertification and decreasing
vegetation coverage are one of the reasons for the recurrence of this phenomenon. Dust
accumulation can reduce the performance of photovoltaic modules output power. This paper
investigates the effect of dust accumulation on the performance of PV modules and the
possibility of the energy losses experimentally. For this purpose, a microcontroller based dual
axes sun tracker is designed and installed at the rooftop of the Engineering faculty Building
located at Kirkuk University Kirkuk, Iraq. Two identical PV modules and real-time
measurements with data monitoring system are used in this study. This study covers
measurements done in August and December (2017). The results showed that the dust
deposition on PV module could cause significant losses in PV output power generation on
both fixed and sun-tracking modules. However, the losses was less in tracker system

The selection was made on a number of hospitals to conduct a study on the quality of the
water. The samples were taken before and after treatment from three hospitals in the city of
Kirkuk, Kirkuk General Hospital, Azadi Educational Hospital and Children's Hospital. The
samples were collected at regular intervals Six months from September (2016) to February
(2017) . The first phase, which included the measurement of some physical variables and
chemical variables, included physical measurements, temperature measurement, electrical
conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (T.D.S), (T.S.S), all of which were above the
permissible limit, except for the temperature. Chemical analyzes included (pH), (BOD) and
(COD),(SO4
-2
), (PO4
-3
) and(NO3). The results of the study indicated that the applications
were characterized by the rise of most chemical standards, most of which exceeded
environmental determinants except (SO4
-2
) , and (pH), within the limits allowed for Iraqi
specifications, and the second phase of the study, to demonstrate the extent of contamination
of heavy elements, and included the measurement of the study of heavy elements: (Fe, Cd,
Cr) The availability of cadmium and chromium, at concentrations higher than is permitted,
while the concentration of iron elements was less than the limit allowed globally and locally,
and the study used the research method And statistical analysis of data from wastewater
models studied.

The research Includes simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method for
determination of atenolol in aqueous solution. The method is based on the Schiff's base
formation which is achieved by coupling of atenolol with salicyldehyde to yield a yellow
colour product exhibiting maximum absorbance at 378 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the
concentration range 12 - 84 μg/ml of atenolol, with a molar absorptivity 3728.2 L.mol-1
.cm-1
and sandell index of 0.0714 μg.cm-2
. The average recovery is 100.016%, relative standard
deviation 0.181-1.907% and D.L of 0.4340 μg/ml. This method has been applied successfully
to determination of isoniazid in pharmaceutical preparations.

The current study included the estimation of some heavy metals (cadmium, zinc, nickel,
copper and iron) for the industrial water wastes of the beverage production plants in Kirkuk
city and the efficiency and selectivity of some thechelating ligands containing (S, N, O) for
Reducely the ratio of heavy metals.and the questionnaire of its results.
The concentrations of heavy metals in the industrial waste water were (0.010-0.086),
(0.0598-1.2514) (0.10-0.45), (0.010-0.228), (1.725-9.399) mg / L for cadmium, zinc, nickel,
Copper and iron on the relay. Where the results showed that the concentration of metals were
higher than the permissible limit except the element of zinc did not exceed the limits of Iraq.
The measurement has been done using atomic absorption technique, melting point, IR
spectrum and color.

In this research Five steady weights (0.5) g. of polyacrylamide were mixed with five
different volumes of thiophene-2-carboxildehyde (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5) ml to obtain five
concentrations of inhibitor in (50)ml of 15% HCl. (C-Steel L80) bars were immersed in the
prepared solution and the lost weights were calculated in different temperatures (40,60, 80
and 90) ℃ at different times (3, 4, 5 and 6)hrs. the covered surface area θ and the efficiency
were calculated from the lose weights; then the thermodynamic constants were calculated. It
was observed that the less corrosion was obtained by increasing the inhibitor concentration.

Ten inbred line of corn (Zea mays L.) lever used and entered in crosses as a factorial
mating system by lines (Agr-183, Zp505, Zp670 and Zp-197)as male parents (m) and lines
(Ik-58 , Cml494 , Pio-46 ,H-s , Pio-47and Pio-25) as female parents . The lines and its single
crosses were planted in Yiaichi region in Kirkuk governorate using (R.C.B.D) with three
replicates in two seasons , spring and autumn 2015 , the results of statistical analysis showed
significant differences in the means of studied traits for the parents and the crosses , the
crosses were distinguished which entered as apparent Pio-25 in most studied traits , the cross
(Pio-25×Zp-197) was gave high yield of grains (522652 gm/plant) and surpassed in giving the
most effect in general combining ability gave (32.25 gm) and also higher specific combining
ability . The additive variance values were showed that controlled in trits number of ears,
number of the rows in the car and number of kernels in the row. reflected on the increase of
heritability values in broad and narrow sense , and genetic expected advanced as a percentage
for these traits , the degree of dominance was less than one , while the values of dominance
variance were controlled in genetic kerenles yield , the degree of dominance was more than
one , which reflected on the genetic expected advance which was

This work involves the synthesis of different substituted amino-chalcones via claisenschmidt condensation reaction between p-amino acetophenone and different aromatic
substituted benzaldehydes. The second step involves the conversion of amino-chalcones to
diazonium salt which were reacted with different phenolic compounds to give azo-chalcone .
Some azo-chalcones containing acetyl group wrer prepared by reactingdiazonium salt with
para-hydroxyacetophenone, and this gave bis- azo-chalcoe on reaction with substituted
aromatic benzaldehyde The chemical structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed on the basis of their
spectral data (FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR) and CHN analysis.

Time sequential remote sensing data were used for monitoring the changes in the
classification of land use and land cover to the gateways of Mosul city (Erbil and Rabiaa) for
the period between (2001 to 2014).Current comparison aims to predict the evolution during
this time periods and appreciation in each of these gateways within the environmental
framework and its reflection on the city. Have been prepared (6) thematic maps for the tow
gateway of Mosul city, following the USGeological Survey System(USGS)to classify the
types of land use and land cover reaching to the third level, and has been account the area of
each class and its percentage of the total area. The overall classification accuracy reached to
these maps between (87% -100%).
The results of the environmental impact coefficient factors showed then increase in some
land use classes and decrease in others, reflecting the deterioration of environmental
conditions as a result of this development and urban growth, which warns that Erbil gateway
may be on the verge of an environmental crisis, comparing with Rabiaa gateway

The current study was done to evaluate the effect of adding Jerusalem artichoke powder on
growth of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus. acidophlic and Lactobacillus. plant arum) as
probiotic in single-strength carrot juice during fermentation at 37°cfor 48 hour. The obtained
results showed that there increasing in titrable acidity (as lactic acid) and there is also
increasing in number of probiotic bacteria and decreasing in pH value and content of total
soluble sugars (non-reducing and reducing sugars) of packaged carrot juice. Treated with
probiotic bacteria or sample treated with probiotic bacteria and probiotic as Jerusalem
artichoke powder effect fermentation at 37°C for 48 hours.
The number of probiotic and prebiotic is higher than their number in sample treated with
only probiotic bacteria after incubation at 37°C for 48 hours.
From the results, the study ends with the results that the normal carrot juice is suitable
media and Jerusalem artichoke is suitable as probiotic for L. acidophilus and L. plant arum
growth

The Histopathological Effect of Escherichia coli, Citrobacterfreundii and
Klebseillaoxytoca on Intestinal Mucosa of mice were fed with 2*106
cell/ml. The
microscopic examination of the histological sections showed pathological changes in
sucked mice with all bacterial type but depending on the bacterial type: Escherichia coli
the more virulent and cause lymph inflteration with degeneration of vili and many
polymorphonuclear leukocytes were seen in lamina propria. On the other hand, tissue
damage of the mucosa with necrotic and entire sheets of epithelial cells had sloughed off in
some parts. Klebseillaoxytoca the least virulent than Citrobacterfreundii and cause damage
in the intestine cells when compared with the control organs.

This research included preparation of Heterogeneous Cyclic compounds (quadrilateral and
pentalateral) based on the acidic form of Ciprofloxacin (1) as a starting material. The ester
compound (2) was prepared by reacting (1) with ethanol in the presence of sulphuric acid,
followed by the reaction with hydrazine-hydrite to obtain the hydrazide compound (3), which
was treated with aromatic aldehydes in the presence of absolute ethanol as a solvent to give
the Schiff bases (4-6). The quadrilateral cyclo derivatives of B-Lactam (7, 9, 11) were
prepared by reacting the Schiff bases with chloroacetyl chloride, using 1,4-dioxan as a solvent
and trimethyl amine as a base. The pentalateral oxazolidine cyclo compounds (8, 10, 12) were
prepared by reacting the Schiff bases with glycolic acid in the presence of 1,4-dioxan as a
solvent. All prepared compounds were characterized using IR spectroscopy and melting
points to prove the accuracy of the chemical structures

This research included the geotechnical assessment of the compact gravel of the Tuz- Chai
River / Salahaddin Governorate / Iraq. The results of the evaluation showed the natural
accumulation of the Tuz- Chai River sediments, which are geologically belonging to
Quaternary deposits and its suitability for use in the road works.
This evaluation showed the possibility of the use of the untreated pebbles of the Tuz- Chai
River in the road works for sub base layer (type A, B and C). It can also can be used to
produce asphalt-fixed gravel and sand for roadwork construction and for asphaltic base layer.