Journal of university of Anbar for Pure science

The research was conducted at Rizkari Teaching Hospital in Erbil and extended for about 11 months from March 2016 to January 2017. Thyroid samples were collected from 45 patients who had undergone mastectomy. The incidence included increased thyroid secretion and swelling of the gland. The age of Patients ranged from 46 to 54 years . The Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4), and TSH hormones were measured for patients as well as control group.Therefore, the present study aimed tostudy of histological and hormonal changes, which occur on the thyroid gland in the event of a defect in the secretion or swelling of the thyroid in women.The results of present study showed that the T3 values were the highest in cases,in cresed secetion and swelling of thyroid thecomparison with the control group with a significant difference (P <0.05) in cases, increased secretion and thyroid inflation. T4 values were lower than T3 in both cases compared with control group, whereas TSH values were lower than T3 and T4 compared with control group. Histologically, the results showed that there was a change in cells size and follicles due to increased secretion of Hyperthyroidism. Also, Goiter inflation a marked progression was observed in the tumor with in creased the number of cells and connective tissue between the follicles .

The histopathological effects 0f Staphylococcus xylosus supernatant killed by radiation on four organs (kidney, spleen, lung and liver) of mice injected with (104, 108) CFU/ ml were studied. The results showed that the bacteria induced histopathological effects in all organs. In kidney the effects characterized by cytoplasmic vacculation and infiltration of inflammatory cells in addition to congestion and shrinkage of the glomeruli of the kidney,while effects in spleen characterized by enlargement of white pulp and necrosis in parenchymal tissue with formation of germinal center.Liver section showed cytoplasmic vaculation and infiltration of inflammatory cells.

The present study describes the effect of phosphate ester of paracetamol as aprodrugs on choline estarse was partial purified from serum of patients with diabetes type two and the effect of the prodrug in some enzyme activity In vivo . This study devided two parts :
1- In vitro study : choline estarse was partial purified from serum of patients with diabetes type two .The kinetics of the enzyme were studied and the results showed that the maximum velocity was 13 IU / ml and the Km was 0.066 M while the optimum temperature of the enzyme was 370C and the optimum pH was 7.4.The effect of this new prodrug was tested on the activity of choline estarase . Result showed that the compound has inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity and that the degree of inhibition increases when the concentration of the compound was increased. The type of inhibition was non-competitive.
2- Invivo study showed highest concentration of parcetamol drug released from prodrug at 6hr. after giving the dose to the animal . The results showed an increase in the activity of ( AST, ALT, LDH, ALP,, GGT and ChE) and a decrease in the concentrations of TG, LDL-c, VLDL-c, Cholestrol while there was an increase in HDL-c level.

It had been studied the effect of reinforcement by Nano Titanium Dioxide (nano-TiO2) powder, Nano Zinc Oxide (nano-ZnO) powder [both of them with grain size of (10-30)nm], and the hybrid (TiO2+ZnO) from the powder above (with 2wt.% concentration), on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity for polymeric composites that it basis by epoxy resin which prepared by Hand Lay-up molding method. For prepared samples, it had been made compression strength, surface hardness and thermal conductivity tests in natural conditions (without immersion), and after the immersion in solution of diluted hydrochloric acid (HCl) with two normality (0.5N and 1N). Tests results showed that previous addition ceramic powders improved the mechanical properties for composite materials. The hybrid composite had higher compression strength, higher Elasticity strength and higher hardness, followed by (Ep+ZnO) composite. Also, the hybrid composite had less thermal conductivity coefficient (K).On the other hand, the composites immersion in diluted HCl solution led to affect their previous mechanical properties by negativity manner. The hybrid composite was the least affecting, and the acid expansion in composites led to oscillate the values of thermal conductivity coefficient. At the end of immersion time, the coefficient (K) dropped for hybrid composite more than two composites (Ep+TiO2) and (Ep+ZnO).

In this work the effect of adding SiO2 powder on the hardness property for UPE was studied. Three groups of samples were prepared (UPE/(SiO2-Micro)), (UPE/(Nano-SiO2) and (UPE/(Micro+Nano)SiO2) with weight fraction of additives (%2، %4، %6، %8). The surface hardness for all samples was measured before and after irradiation with Ultraviolet at time interval (10) hours. The experimental results showed that the surface hardness of all samples increases with increasing the weight fraction of SiO2 in the composite in natural conditions, and that the nano samples has higher hardness than other samples. After UV irradiation, the hardness values also increase with increasing the weight fraction of SiO2 in the composite for all samples, and their value is higher than in normal conditions.

Nanostructured germanium semiconductor optical properties such as energy gap and refractive indexes as function of particle size were investigated. Single-layer antireflection coatings at a quarter wave thickness at λo in the spectrum range of (400-700 nm ) was theoretically designed,when particle size is between (3.6–80 nm) and (Si) as substrate. MATLAB language programs with version of 7.11.0 were used in this study to describe the reflectance as a function of particle size, refractive indexes, energy gap and the wavelength at normal and oblique incidence angle which are depending on Brus model and Characteristic Matrix theory. The result sowed that the coating design (Air/Nano Ge/Si) showed minimum reflectivity value of (0.1623%) at the incident angle of 0° with wavelength of 550 nm and particle size of (Ps=4.4 nm).

In this research a hand –lay up method was employed to prepare hybrid composites from epoxy resin rein forced with woven roving glass fiber at different volume fraction (20%,30%,40%).Thermal conductivity was measured at the above volume fractions and curing time (2h),(4h).Experimental results showed that ,the thermal conductivity values increase with increasing the volume fraction and curing time.

Microorganisms growing in a biofilm are correlating with chronic human infections and are highly resistant to immune system, antimicrobial agents and difficult to remove from the infected host. There are different methods to determine biofilm production such as Microtitre Plate (MtP) method , Congo Red Agar method (CRA) and Tube Method (TA) method .This study was carried out from December 2015 to september 2016, 580 specimens were obtained from patients at different hospitals in Erbil city/ Iraq. Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates were identified phenotypically by different biochemical and molecular tests. One hundred isolates were found to be Staphylococcus aureus. MtP, CRA and TA tested Biofilm determination. This study was aimed to compare three methods of biofilm production. The results found that the accuracy and specificity of MtP was 100%, while it was 87%, 75% and 91% ,81.25% for CRA and TA methods respectively . The MtP method was considered to be superior to CRA and TA methods, and this method was the better screening for biofilm formation than CRA and TA methods, so this method can be a reliable quantitative tool for detection of biofilm formation in clinical isolates of S. aureus.

The present study included the collection of 169 samples from various clinical and environmental sources for investigation of existence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in those sources, the clinical samples collected from some hospitals in Baghdad city and included 126 samples of wound, burns, cystic fibrosis, ear infections and urinary tract infections (35, 52,4, 22 and 13) samples respectively, while environmental samples were distributed by 25 samples from soil, and 18 samples from wastewater and some swamps. Samples were identified based on the morphological and microscopical characteristics of the colonies when they were culturing in a number of culture media as well as biochemical tests. The molecular detection was used to confirm diagnostic test for the isolates based on the 16SrRNA gene, as a detection gene, which has specific sequences for DNA of P.aeruginosa bacteria.The results of molecular detection showed that 51 isolates belong to target bacteria were distributed as 20 of burns, 9 isolates of wounds, 7 isolates of ear infection, 4 isolates of cystic fibrosis, 2 isolates of urinary tract infection, 5 isolates of soil and 4 isolates of water. The results of phenotypic detection of some virulence factors showed that 49 isolates with percent (95%) produced beta-hemolysis, while 46 isolates (90%) showed variance in the strength of pycocyanin production with a absorbance ranging from (0 to 0.52) at 690 nm, and 47 (92%) of isolates were producing protease enzyme, 44 (86%) of the isolates showed a differences in their ability to biofilm formation. As a result of the increased resistance of P.aeruginosa bacteria towards antibiotics, it is became a problem in the treatment of the infectious diseases caused by this bacteria therefore, the current study focused on the use of fresh garlic extract towards of some virulence factors because it being easy and commonly used. The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant difference when P-value (<0.05) in the production of some virulence factors, the isolates lost their ability to form biofilm, and decreased their ability to produce protease enzyme, and pyocyanin pigment, while did not affect the production of hemolycin..

This study was carried out during the period from March 2016 to January 2017 to detect of genotypes and subgenotypes of Giardia lamblia in human feces by PCR-Restriction fragment length polymorphism based on the detection of glutamate dehydrogenase gene and study the corralation between genotype and prescence of symptoms , a total of 101 stool samples were taken from patients(male and female), aged(2-72) years, who suffering from acute or persistent diarrhea and examined by microscope and molecular techniques , the gdh gene was amplified from 19 cases only by a conventional PCR assay by using a specific oligonucleotide sequence for coding region by gdh gene at size 432bp and typed by RFLP analysis, the results showed the total infection with Giardia lamblia was 84(83.1%) according to the results of microscopic examination, of the 19 positive samples, 2(1.98%) were infected with genotype AI , 3(2.97%) genotype AII , 5(4.95%) genotype BIII and 9(8.91%) infected with genotype BIV, with significance differences between the genotype and precence of symptoms.

Novel 8-(4-fluorophenyl)-6,6-diphenyl-3-(pyrimidin-4-yl) -5,6,7,8-tetrahydro -6l5-[1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a][1,3,5]diazaphosphinin-6-ol(5) ,8-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-phenyl-3-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-7,8-dihydro [1,2,4]triazolo [4,3-b] [1,2,4] triazine (6), 8-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-3-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-[1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-b][1,2,4]triazin-7(8H)-one (7) and 8-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazine-6,7(5H,8H)-dione (8) and 7-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-3,4-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,e][1,2,4,5,3]tetrazaphosphinine (10), 3-(pyrimidin -4-yl)-1,7-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine (11), 6-(2-chloro -6- fluorophenyl)-3-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,5,6,7,8,8a -hexahydro-[1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-b] [1,2,4,5]tetrazine (12), 3-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazine-6(5H)-thione (13) and 3-(pyrimidin-4-yl)-1,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazin-6(5H)-one (14) have been synthesized via heterocyclization of 3-(pyridin-4yl)-4-amino-5-substituted amino-1,2,4-triazole (3) and 3-(pyridin-4yl)-4-amino-5-hydrazino-1,2,4-triazole (9) with α,β-bifunctional reagents such as chloromethyldiphenyl-phosphanoxide, phenacyl bromide, pyruvic acid, diethyl oxalate, triethylphosphite, triethyl orthoformate, fluorinated benzaldehydes, ethyl chloroformate and carbon disulfide in different experimental conditions. The molecular structures of the synthesized target molecules were elucidated by FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral data, in addition to the fine elements analysis C.H.N.% data. The antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects of the obtained derivatives were evaluated and compared with that of the standard Indomethacin, Nalidixic acid and Nystatin.

Schiff's Bases were synthesized from the reaction of furfuraldehyde and substituted benzaldehyde with 4-aminoantipyrine and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine and reacted with 2-(triphenylphosphoranylidene) succinic anhydride in an anhydrous 1,4- dioxane at reflux conditions. The resulting products were found to be 1,5-disubstituted 2-hydroxypyrroles. The structures of the products were confirmed by their melting points, FT-IR, 1HNMR spectra and C.H.N. elemental analyses.

New derivatives of 2,3-disubstituted- oxazolidine-4-one were synthesized by cycloaddition reaction of glycolic acid to various imines in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane under dry and reflux conditions. Imines were synthesized by acid–catalyzed thermal condensation of the amino group of aromatic amine and phenylhydrazines with the carbonyl group of aromatic aldehydes and ketones in absolute ethanol. The products were identified by C.H.N content FT-IR and 1HNMR spectra.

An experimentally observations of chaos synchronization have been investigated between two optically coupled laser diodes. Two schemes of optical injection, bidirectional and unidirectional optical injections have been used. One of the two lasers MLD exhibits optical chaos due to external optical feedback by fiber mirror and the other laser diode SLD exhibits optical chaos by optical injection from the first one. The chaotic dynamics of both lasers were a function of laser diodes drive current. Synchronization and Anti-synchronization between two coupled laser diodes have been observed, and ensured by different measurements like time series matching ,correlation diagram(phase form)of amplitudes of coupled chaotic signals ,spectrum components coinciding of coupled chaotic signals, and coherence have been used for both injection schemes. .

A module M is a ⨁-Supplemented if M=⨁Ni such that Ni is a direct summand of M. In this paper we introduce the notion of Fuzzy ⨁-Supplemented Module (Fuz-⨁-S-Mod) as a generalization of ⨁-supplemented module. We investigate several characterizations and properties of this concept. Moreover we investigated several relationships among Fuz-⨁-S-Mod and other Fuzzy concepts such as fuzzy D1-module (Fuz-D1-module), Fuzzy Lifting Module (Fuz-L-mod) and Amply Fuzzy Supplemented module (A-Fuz-S-mod) are studied.

In this paper the numerical method for solving Abel,s integral equation are introduced ,this method is based on point interpolation meshless method. Also Radial basis function, zeros of the shifted Legendre polynomial as the collocation points utilized to apply for solving Abel,s integral equation of the first and second kind .The result of numerical experiment show that the numerical scheme is very effective and convenient of this method.