Journal of University of Babylon

Ant colony optimization is a meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by the foraging behavior of real ant colony. The algorithm is a population-based solution employed in different optimization problems such as classification, image processing, clustering, and so on. This paper sheds the light on the side of improving the results of traveling salesman problem produced by the algorithm. The key success that produces the valuable results is due to the two important components of exploration and exploitation. Balancing both components is the foundation of controlling search within the ACO. This paper proposes to modify the main probabilistic method to overcome the drawbacks of the exploration problem and produces global optimal results in high dimensional space. Experiments on six variant of ant colony optimization indicate that the proposed work produces high-quality results in terms of shortest route.

This paper presents an Arabic (Indian) handwritten digit recognition system based on combining multi feature extraction methods, such a upper_lower profile, Vertical _ Horizontal projection and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) with Standard Deviation σi called (DCT_SD) methods. These features are extracted from the image after dividing it by several blocks. KNN classifier used for classification purpose. This work is tested with the ADBase standard database (Arabic numerals), which consist of 70,000 digits were 700 different writers write it. In proposing system used 60000 digits, images for training phase and 10000 digits, images in testing phase. This work achieved 97.32% recognition Accuracy.

Ant colony optimization is a meta-heuristic algorithm inspired by the foraging behavior of real ant colony. The algorithm is a population-based solution employed in different optimization problems such as classification, image processing, clustering, and so on. This paper sheds the light on the side of improving the results of traveling salesman problem produced by the algorithm. The key success that produces the valuable results is due to the two important components of exploration and exploitation. Balancing both components is the foundation of controlling search within the ACO. This paper proposes to modify the main probabilistic method to overcome the drawbacks of the exploration problem and produces global optimal results in high dimensional space. Experiments on six variant of ant colony optimization indicate that the proposed work produces high-quality results in terms of shortest route.

The current state of education is mostly electronic. Factors such as servers, storage space, and software are more prominent than ever before. Cloud Computing is defined as an Internet-based computing space that allows its users to share resources, software and information. In the context of Iraq, increased educational spending has not translated into improved learning environments. This work intends to increase the efficiency of education in Iraq through reviewing the characteristics associated with cloud computing providers, such as Microsoft, Google and Amazon, in the context of enhancing the advantages to students, teachers, and other stakeholders. The work will also try to determine approaches that offered rich and affordable services and tools through posing a suitable Cloud Computing Model for Iraqi Schools (CCIS). This particular model is made up of three major parts; preparation, implementation and monitoring, and evaluating and reviewing. The CCIS model combines public and private clouds in the provision of multiple services to the students and enables the formation of links outside of schools. Problems associated with security and data privacy are quite low and under control in this model, as they are defended beyond firewalls alongside remote services, scalability, low costs, efficiency, and functional plug and play options. This study will also decrease the challenges faced by the model internally and externally via constant appraisals and review.

The concept of p-duo semimodule is introduced as a generalization of duo semimodule, where a semimodule M is said to be a p-duo if every pure subsemimodule of M is fully invariant. Many results about this concept are given.

Resently Dr.R.P. Pathak and Shiv Kumar Sahoo in 2012 intrudes a new modified Szasz-Bernstein –type operators, in the present paper, we introduce generalize Szasz- Bernstein- type operators φB_n (f;x), we proved that the operators are converge to the function being approximation. In addition, we establish a Voronovaskaja- type asymptotic formula for this operators

The paper performs an algorithmic and experimental study regarding the generalization capacity of the scheme based on neuronal networks for the recognition of new images of the face. This enables both a rendering of graphic representations and the classification of image classes in Matlab. The purpose is to describe the recognition algorithm, to project and implement an application which proposes both the graphic representation of the images used by the neuronal training algorithm but also the implementation of the perceptron neuronal algorithm and the determination of the generalization capacity of the separating hyper plane of the considered image classes.

Our goal in this paper is to give definitions of generalized of Tichonov and Hausdorff separation axioms in intuitionistic fuzzy special topological spaces, and study relationships between these spaces with the intuitionistic special topological spaces (X, τ0,1) and (X, τ 0,2) on one hand and intuitionistic fuzzy special topological spaces (X, τ1) and (X, τ2) on the other hand.

The author study in this paper, properties of semi-weakly continuous of maps in bio topological spaces.

In this paper proposed generalization formula for transmuted distribution is derived by the researcher , that can use to extend ,generalize, distribution ,and it is to be useful in wider applications in reliability, engineering and in other areas of research

This research was conducted to study the hypoglycemic activity of C. chinesis Lam on type 1 diabetic disease and investigate the molecular and histological mechanism of its action .many parameters was investigated , Fasting blood glucose (FBG), Fasting serum insulin,Hepatic Insulin Gene Expression, pancreas Insulin Gene Expression ,Hepatic Insulin Receptors Gene expression and histological sections of pancrease and liver.54 Rattus rattus male rats weighting(180 -200g) were divided into 3 groups: A normal control daily administrated with Dw, B Diabetic control daily administrated with Dw and C diabetic group daily administrated with 400 mg/Kg body weight of C. chinesis Lam. methanolic extract, each group consisted of 18 rats and further divided into (3) sub- groups 1 ,2 and 3. According to the period of administration 30, 60 and 90 days respectively. The results showing the daily administration of 400 mg/Kg body weight of C. chinesis Lam. methanolic extract for 60 day causing significance decrease in FBG and In the other hand each of fasting serum insulin, hepatic Insulin gene expression,pancreas Insulin gene expression and hepatic Insulin receptor gene expression was increased in group C in compare to B group and return all studied parameters involving pancrease and liver texture to the normal state ,which were statically morphologically not appeared any significant difference from A group .this study concluded that the daily administration type 1 diabetic rats with 400 mg/Kg body weight of C. chinesis Lam. extract for 60 day was return fasting serum insulin and FBG to normal value by upregulated the gene expression of hepatic INS Gene ,INSR gene , pancreas INS Gene ,regenerate pancreatic beta- cell and returnthe texture of both liver and pancrease to the normal state .

The present study was conducted to confirm the effects and correlations of estradiol hormone on some major clotting factors (fibrinogen FI , prothrombin FII, stable factor F VII, antihemophilic factor FVIII, and chrismas factor IX) during pregnancy phases. Seventy five (75) pregnant women at different stages of pregnancy and were sub- divided into third groups according to period of gestational phases , included twenty five (25) pregnant women in each group (first, second, third trimesters). Twenty (20) volunteer non-pregnant non-lactating women were involved in this study and used as a control group. All ages of tested women ( pregnant and non- pregnant) were between 25 year to 35 year old . Regarding levels of estradiol hormone , they were showed insignificant elevation (p>0.05) during first trimester and remarkable increase (p< 0.05) during second and third trimesters when matched with their counterparts of non- pregnant group. About concentrations of fibrinogen factor (FI) , they were indicated a significant heightening (p< 0.05) during all phases of pregnancy in matching with control group, and these concentrations have a positive correlation (r =0.714) with levels of estradiol. Activities of prothrombin factor ( F II) were significantly elevated (p<0.05) throughout pregnancy phases than of non- pregnant women , and have a significant positive correlation ( r =0. 532) with estradiol hormone . Levels of stable factor (F VII ) activity indicated insignificant increase (p> 0.05 ) in first and second trimesters and its activities become increased (p< 0.05) at third trimester in a comparison with those of control group, and pointed out a significant positive correlation ( r = 0.412 ) with estradiol level . Estimation of intrinsic pathway activities (antihemophlic factor FVIII and Chrismas factor FIX ) were showed a progressive elevation (p< 0.05) during first, second, and third trimesters in a comparison with control group, and these activities confirmed a significant positive correlation (r =0.260 , r =0.632, respectively) with estradiol.

The present work was conducted to study the sub-acute toxicopathological changes of relief in mature male rats . Thirty male rats aged (10) weeks and weighted (60 -120) gm were divided equally into (2) groups as follows: Group I: Rats served as control group and received distilled water for 30 days . Group II: Rats served as experimental group and received (by gavage 500 mg /kg b.w ) one tablets of relief (composed of Diclofence sodium 50mg , paracetamol 500 mg ,chlorpheniramine malete 4 mg and magnesium trisilicate 100 mg ) diluted in 10 ml of distilled water . Specimens from, liver, kidneys, testes, epididymis ,brain and spleen, were dissected out for histopathological examination. Results showed severe histopathological changes in all selected tissues as a results of sub acute toxicity of relief tablets.

This research aims at providing the reader with a demonstration of the very standards for wireless networks. We all know IEEE 802.11 and types of scale but what are the differences between the technical and privileges diverse flavors? What is meant by "technically" that level as ten times faster than the level p? Not only cover the creation of this research on the IEEE 802.11 wireless networking standards the most comprehensive, but also pave the modern standard for broadband wireless IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi). This paper presents also a trade-off between different technology standards in terms of the extent of coverage, the possibility of expanding the service feature in order to help accommodate the fundamental disparity between these term IEEE 802.11 (LAN RF) family of standards for networks .difference between IEEE 802.11 base modifications (a/b/g, etc.) in the coding techniques, frequency range and change for the best made the original style of approach to the IEEE 802.11 standard layout (Wi-Fi) is intended to be a solution with large cells rapid foreign networks, while Wi-Fi standard plans (802.11 ) is intended to be a solution for networks operating within the buildings based on the few cells.

This research included the detection of some variables levels( histamine, serotonin, LOX5 and LTA4H), the effective level of these variables on asthmatic group. also the effect antibodies of against inhalation and food allergens which leads effective on asthmatic disease. The level of these variables increases in more asthmatic group than control group also some inhalation and food allergens increase in asthmatic group when compared with control group .

The work studied the effect of fine silicon carbide (SiC) powder with (0,3,5 ,7) wt % on the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester composite in the presence of a fixed amount of chopped glass fiber. The hand lay-up technique was employed to prepare the required samples. Results showed that tensile, impact strength and thermal conductivity increased with increasing the weight fraction of reinforced materials.

Novel and promising macromolecular were directly synthesized by ring opening of polylac-tied by hydroxyl groups in cellulose diacetate as biodegradable polymers and amino acids sub-stitution for the development of a polymeric implantable delivery carrier The remain of carbox-ylic groups of amino acid substitution with different drug. The toxic of the synthesized matrices were evaluated using a bacterial Staphylococcus aureuse , Micrococcus , Pseudmonas aerugino-sa, klebsiella, Streptococcus. A two new amid bond was formed between the carboxyl end-groups of the synthesized polymer matrices and an amine group of amino acids , The structure of the polymeric conjugates was characterized by various spectroscopy techniques. A study of hy-drogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) ther-modiagrams indicated that the presence of drug pendant groups in the macromolecule structures increased the polymer’s rigidity alongside increasing thermal stability. It has been found that the kinetic release of amino acids and drugs from the obtained macromolecular conjugates, tested in vitro under different conditions, is strongly dependent on the physicochemical properties of pol-ymeric matrices.

The Jaddala Formation in Bai Hassan and Kirkuk oil fields was deposited on a carbonate platform with an open shelf setting. Microfacies analysis revealed that deposition took place within three zones; they include the Toe of slope, Deep shelf, and Deep basin. The succession consists of four third order cycles representing successive intervals of relative sea level rises and stillstand. The nature of cycle symmetry and thicknesses suggest that the tectonic component is the main controlling factor on cycle development in highly subsiding basin.

This work presents a study of the electronic structure of F-center in the crystal of NaCl, CsCl and fluorite structure by using quantum dot model potential. This model employs the semi-continuum method due to Simpson and specifies the F-center as a quantum dot partially confined within finite potential. The energy levels and transition energy of the F-center are calculated analytically by using this new model potential and including the effect of continuum medium due to the coulomb tail and using the strong perturbation approach.

Khasib Formation is considered an important formation in the Late Turonian-Early Campanian
sequence and represented a transgressive system tract within deep and inner ramp environment, where
Khasib Formation was studied in four oil wells, two from Noor oil field they are : (No-1,2), and the
others form Amara oil field ,they are (Am-4,5) in Missan governorate ,southeast of Iraq. (Al
Badry,1999).
Five main microfacies had been recognized for Khasib Formation in studied oil wells , they are :
grainstone, packstone , Wackstone, packstone –wackstone and mudstone microfacies , and the coarse
texture was defined in the lower part of Khasib Formation while the fine texture was defined in the
upper part of the studied formation which meaning deepening upward.
Many digenesis processes which effect on the texture also had been detected, some of them were
constructive which played positive role in enhancement the porosity while the other represented
negative role.

The gallbladder (GB) is an assistant organ of the digestive system, It is located under the liver and attached to the biliary system, And it is responsible for controlling release of bile and the storage. Gallstone disease a major health problem worldwide. In 10–15% of adults contain gallstone disease. This study (case control) consists of one hundred sixty (160) patients are included in this study randomly selected and consisted of 130 females and 30 males. All patients are examined 24 hr. Before operation, Intra operatively and 24hr post operatively. Decreased gallbladder motility and the decrease of cholesterol 7 –alpha hydroxylase activity, which regulate the novo bile salt synthesis. The rate-limiting step of bile acid synthesis is acting between the liver-specific CYP 7A1 (CYP450). Thus, Alteration in CYP gene control also has an impact on bile acid synthesis and lipid metabolism.

Hepatitis is a viral disease; it has a wide distribution among peoples in different countries' and it has more than five common types named; A, B, C, D and E. The serum level of total protein, albumin and ferritin was estimated in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C, in male and female aged from 19 – 50 years; at the same time same variance was measured in apparently normal healthy volunteers. A patient with other liver disease was excluded from this search.
The average values for total protein, albumin, and ferritin for normal volunteers are (5.33, 4.724 and 51.485 g/ dl) respectively for male and 5.342, 4.733 and 51.667 g/ dl in the female. While its value in HBV was (3.399, 2.878 and 77.909 g/dl) for male and 3.429, 3.092 and 137.091g/dl in female respectively. While in HCV, the value for total protein, albumin and ferritin was (4.045, 3.462 and 151.182 g/dl) respectively in male and 3.838, 3.391 and 68.167 respectively in the female. Using statistical analysis, the results indicate that there is a significant value for all variances when compared with the control in both cases B and C. The p-value was highly significant its value in HBV male patients is 6.4E-19, 5.11E-17 and 1.96E-12 for total protein, albumin and ferritin respectively and 1.6E-18, 2.03E-15 and 3.65E-24 for female. While in type HCV male patients the p- values were 8.01E-10, 1.9E-10 and 5.13E-17 for total protein, albumin and ferritin respectively, in female the values are 1.79E-16, 3.36E-12 and 1.78E-05 respectively. The results indicate also a positive correlation between all of the variance in the two types of patients.

Background: The aim of present study is to detect the prevalence of malocclusion in specific group aged between 12-17 years school children in Al-Najaf city of Iraq.
Patient and methods: Cross sectional study composed of two groups that classified according to the gender into male and female groups, the study was done in randomly selected secondary school for male and others for female in Al-Najaf city, in the period between October, 2015 and May, 2016. Ten schools were randomly selected 788 females and 584 males were clinicaly examined aged between 12-17 years old.
Results: The result shows Class I malocclusion was 88.04% according to Angle’s classification, whereas 8.03% show Class II Div.1, 1.31 % exhibit Class II Div. 2 and Class III malocclusion were present in 2.3%. Crowding was present in about 57%, While Excessive overjet, Negative overjet, anterior crossbites, Posterior crossbites show 16.1%, 3.4%, 10.34%, 12.68% respectively, Deep overbite were in 6.4%, Open bite in 2.9%, Median diastema were in 2.7%.
Conclusion: Angle’s Class I malocclusion show maximum prevalence, followed by Angle’s Class II/1 and Class III, while Angle’s Class II/2 malocclusion shows the lowest percent of prevalence in secondary school of Al-Najaf.

Background: The aim of present study is to detect the prevalence of malocclusion in specific group aged between 12-17 years school children in Al-Najaf city of Iraq.
Patient and methods: Cross sectional study composed of two groups that classified according to the gender into male and female groups, the study was done in randomly selected secondary school for male and others for female in Al-Najaf city, in the period between October, 2015 and May, 2016. Ten schools were randomly selected 788 females and 584 males were clinicaly examined aged between 12-17 years old.
Results: The result shows Class I malocclusion was 88.04% according to Angle’s classification, whereas 8.03% show Class II Div.1, 1.31 % exhibit Class II Div. 2 and Class III malocclusion were present in 2.3%. Crowding was present in about 57%, While Excessive overjet, Negative overjet, anterior crossbites, Posterior crossbites show 16.1%, 3.4%, 10.34%, 12.68% respectively, Deep overbite were in 6.4%, Open bite in 2.9%, Median diastema were in 2.7%.
Conclusion: Angle’s Class I malocclusion show maximum prevalence, followed by Angle’s Class II/1 and Class III, while Angle’s Class II/2 malocclusion shows the lowest percent of prevalence in secondary school of Al-Najaf.

Infection control and knowledge of common \"infectious diseases\" is essential for safe dental practice. Conveyance of infectious diseases is likely \"from one individual to another during dental procedures\", thorough\" blood-borne\" viruses and bacteria \"such as hepatitis\" , human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Thence in dental practice, the sterilization and particular protection is of most importance Process in dental procedures, and patient sponsor settings seek specific strategies guide to prevent the transmission of diseases among dental students , oral verdure care staffs and their patients.
Aim: Current study highlight the methods and behavior to evaluate the benefits of awareness, stance and pursuit of infection control between dental students in training dental clinic at Babylon dental collage .
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional wipe using a rear ordered questionnaire was executed. The reconnaissance consisted of 38 closed-ended questions that included the key areas of infection control, including hand hygiene, personal preservation, sterilization and disinfection and ecological infection monitoring. There were also questions to elicit perceptions regarding the treatment of HBV and HIV/AIDS patients.
Results: Survey study was done for dental students replied to the reconnaissance. Their situation and realization across infection control in college teaching clinic .The results were assorted between 100% were orderly using gloves and 96% mask with patient to 6% were orderly wore eye glasses. The type of sterilization of instrument was 90% autoclave and 10% oven and from analysis of data revealed most teaching clinics devoid of instruction post about control of infection control measures
Conclusion: \"Improved compliance with recommended infection control procedures is required for all dentists\" and graduated dental students predestined in the existing project. Enduring instruction \"programs and short-time\" processions about \"cross-infection and infection control\" modes are convenient to progress the awareness and attitude of Dental students in infection control.

The present experiment has been conducted to evaluate of some economic indicators of hulling and bleaching machines of cultivar rice ,Tarm Hashemi in the laboratories of the University of Tehran to 2015. Recerch has include use of two types of machines Satake and Yanmar, under three levels of moisture conten of grain, 10-12% , 12- 14% and 14-16%),and three levels of clearance between cylinders 0.4 , 0.6 and 0.8 mm. The results indicated that the machine type Satake is significantly better on the machine type Yanmar in all studies factors. When increase grain moisture content leads to an increase the costs ,while when increase clearance among cylinder leads to a decrease the costs to all studied traits. The overlap between the machine type Satake and moisture content of grain 10-12% is superior significantly and also overlap between the machine type Satake to clearance 0.8. in all studied factors as compared with the machine type Yanmar with moisture content of grain and two clearance 0.4 mm in all studied factors. The best results have come from the triple overlap among machine type Satake, grain moisture 10-12%, and clearance 0.8 mm in all studies factors.

Clustering of gene expression time series gives insight into which genes may be co-regulated, allowing us to discern the activity of pathways in a given microarray experiment. Of particular interest is how a given group of genes varies with different conditions or genetic background.
In this paper,this paper develops
a new clustering method that allows each cluster to be parameterised according to whether the behaviour of the genes across conditions is correlated or anti-correlated. By specifying correlation between such genes,more information is gain within the cluster about how the genes interrelate. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder that kills the motor neurons and results in death within 2 to 3 years from the symptom onset. Speed of progression for different patients are heterogeneous with significant variability. The SOD1G93A transgenic mice from different backgrounds (129Sv and C57) showed consistent phenotypic differences for disease progression. A hierarchy of Gaussian isused processes to model condition-specific and gene-specific temporal co-variances. This study demonstrated about finding some significant gene expression profiles and clusters of associated or co-regulated gene expressions together from four groups of data (SOD1G93A and Ntg from 129Sv and C57 backgrounds). Our study shows the effectiveness of sharing information between replicates and different model conditions when modelling gene expression time series. Further gene enrichment score analysis and ontology pathway analysis of some specified clusters for a particular group may lead toward identifying features underlying the differential speed of disease progression.

Ageing is a physiological phenomenon that manifested itself with disturbances of many homeostatic regulating mechanisms of the body . The present study was conducted and employed to investigate two major systems( hormones and antioxidant systems) that can be implicated in progress of aging .The total number of subjects included in the present study was fifty (50) healthy men and classified according to their ages into two groups, the first group included 25 younger men (control group) and their ages ranged between 21 to 30 years old whereas the second group included 25 older men and their ages were between 61 to 70 years old. Data obtained from this study indicated a significant decrease(p<0.05) in the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which is associated with marked elevation (p<0.05) of triiodothyronine(T3) and tetraiodothyronine(T4) of older men when compared with younger men. In regard to levels of cortisol and testosterone hormones were significantly decreased (p<0.05) in aged men when matched with their counterparts of younger men. Concerning concentrations of malondehyde (MDA) ,a final product of lipid peroxidation, confirmed a remarkable elevation (p<0.05) in older men compared to younger men and these results were associated with significant lowering (p<0.05) in the activities of antioxidant components including glutathione peroxidase (GPX), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase . In addition , there are no significant correlations(p>0.05) occurring among hormones( testosterone , T3) and glutathione peroxidase and of malondehyde . From these results ,one can be concluded that with ageing there are many disturbances and fluctuations of hypothalamic-adrenal and thyroid axis that accompanied with drop of essential antioxidant components that may be lead to suppress of defense against free radicals and the present study concluded that the changes occurring in studied hormones have not relations and effects on the antioxidant systems.

The current study was designed to investigate the therapeutic role of the water extract of leaves of ginkgo biloba plant against the acute poisoning of the nervous system caused by exposure to mercury. Experimental animals were divided into four groups. The first group was treated as a control group treated with physiological saline solution. The second group was given mercury chloride at 0.12 mg / kg . bw for seven days. The third group was given mercury chloride orally at 0.12 mg / Kg for five days and then injected under the peritoneal membrane with water extract for leaves of ginkgo plant for 25 days at a concentration of 250 mg / kg / day, while The fourth group gave mercury chloride for five days and then injected with the water extract of the leaves of the ginkgo plant at a concentration of 500 mg / kg / day under the peritoneal membrane. All groups were treated daily according to prescribed doses and 24 hours after the last given dose, the animals were explained and the study criteria were met. Mercury treatment caused obvious tissue changes in brain tissue. The treatment with water extract of leaves of the ginkgo plant led to improvement in brain cells and tissues.

Follistatin has been identifiedas a nominee gene for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) from relationship studies.
Acting to control the developmentof ovarian follicles and as an antagonist to aromatase action, changes in Follistatinrole or expression may affect main features of PCOS alteration.
The aim of the recent study was to study the association of FST gene to define if genomicdifferencesarerelated with phenotypic structures of PCOS patients in a case–control suggestion study.
Methods:This study involved 30 women with PCOS and 20 healthy women, whowerematched by their ageand anthropometric and biochemical profiles.The study was designed to examine theseparation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and genotype analysis was done for all the study participants using PCR-SNP.
Results:Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the exon 6 FST gene region were determined for PCOS patients and controls, it was found that PCOS patientshad17 SNP in different samples, and after performing amino acid sequences alignment for these SNPs, it was observed that the last two SNPs of sample C12 constituted a non-synonym mutation, and the functional conformation of the produced FST gene weremodified with regard to exon 6 in the genotype C12. When this exonic SNP appears in the three-dimensional structure of the resulting proteins of C12 genotypes, the positively charged amino acid, Asp, is converted into another positively charged amino acid, His, in position 331 of the whole amino acid sequence of FST protein.The conclusionis that this, in turn doesn’t change the final phenotypic manifestation of the protein, and there was no alteration in the phenotypes of the PCOS patients.

MANET is a type of ad hoc network that consists of wireless mobile node communicates with each other without using a fixed infrastructure or central administration and which establishes the route from source to destinͺation. In mobile ad-hoc netwͺork (MANET), eaͺch node can unrͺeservedly move in anͺy direction and every noͺde also aͺct as router as it foͺrward traffic for oͺther nodes.Using varioͺus routinͺg protocols sͺuch as AODV, DͺSR and DͺSDV are desigͺned for routͺing in ad hͺoc networks. In this paper, the execution examination is completed on Ad hoc On-request Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR), and Destination Sequenced Distance Vector (DSDV) conventions in view of measurements, for example, Throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and Average End-to-end Delay (AED) utilizing the Network Simulator (NS-2).

Inventory control is one of the most important tasks for industrial companies. Inventory control systems play an important role in inventory monitoring. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) technology has been taken into great attention in the field of inventory control because it is considered as an efficient, low-cost technology to control inventories. This paper proposes an intelligent inventory control system depending on WSNs and fuzzy logic to control the dependent demand items effectively under MRP system and L4L lot sizing rule. to be used to solve the industrial problems. A numerical example of a 5 drawers - chest of drawers product has been experimented.
The advantage of the proposed WSN-FL4L system could be represented in its ability to make decisions in different inventory states. Different cases of replenishment were investigated depending on the (IF-THEN rules) statement of fuzzy logic. Ultrasonic - distance sensor has been programmed to compute the number of items’ pieces, depending on the thickness of each piece. ASP.net web application and C# programming language based on SQL database server are applied.

The electrical transport and thermoelectric properties of Cu3Sb1-xAlxSe4 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05 &0.07)
compounds are investigated in the temperature range of (298 – 553) K. The results indicate that with
increasing Al content from (x=0) to (x=0.07), hole concentration increases monotonically from
(2.03×1018 to 2.82 × 1018 cm-3) due to the substitution of Al3+ for Sb5+, thus leading to a large decrease
in the electrical resistivity of Cu3Sb1-xAlxSe4. Meanwhile, the increase in hole concentration leads to a
transition from a non-degenerate (x = 0) to a partial degenerate (x = 0.05, 0.07) and then to a degener
ate state (x=0.07). The power factor (PF) of all the Al-doped Cu3Sb1-xAlxSe4 samples is remarkably
improved due to the optimization of hole concentration. Lattice thermal conductivity kL of the heavily
doped sample(x=0.07) is reduced. As a result, a large thermoelectric figure of merit ZT = 1.28 is ob
tained for Cu3Sb0.97Al0.03Se4 at 458K, which is around 5 times as large as that of the un-doped
Cu3SbSe4 sample.

Data Mining, also commonly known as Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD), mentions to the indirectly mining of implied, earlier unknown and possiblyvaluable information from data in databases.In this paper we focused on two important problems, the first students of information technology collages have greater capability in their specialist but its un clear, the second the trend in this time is using the electronic achieve but is generate huge data resulted form daily work which is difficult to control on it.in this paper we using data mining techniques rule based classification to classify the student of information technology to classes according to scientific capabilities and using Attribute Oriented Induction(AOI) data mining techniques to solve problem of the electronic achieve. Experimental results show that the proposed techniques enhancement the method of student classification and reduce the problem that resulted from using electronic achieve., that would help improve customer experiences and decision-making.

The present study aims to Improved Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Silymarin in Rats Induced Liver Carcinogenesis. Silymarin, a flavonolignan isolated from Silybum marianum, has also been used for centuries as natural remedy for liver diseases and now reported to have cancer preventive and therapeutic effects . It has been used clinically to treat liver disorders including acute and chronic viral hepatitis, toxin/drug-induced hepatitis and cirrhosis and alcoholic liver disease. The efficacy and dose-response effect of silymarin (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) were assessed using egg albumin-induced paw edema in rats as a model of acute inflammation. In this model, 56 rats were used and allocated into 7 subgroups each containing 8 rats. All treatments were given intraperitonealy 30 minutes before induction of inflamma tion by egg albumin and then the increase in paw edema was measured 1h, 2h and 3h after induction of inflammation by using the vernier caliper. The results indicated that silymarin, at doses range used, significantly lowered paw edema (P<0.05) an effect comparable to that produced by the reference drugs, acetyl salicylic acid, meloxicam and dexamethazone. Paw edema suppressive effect of silymarin 250 and 500 mg/kg was comparable and both of them were significantly different from that of silymarin 125 mg/kg (P<0.05). Therefore, silymarin exert an important anti-inflammatory activity in animal model of acute inflammation, which was significantly increased as the dose increased up to 250 mg/kg.