Journal of Kufa - physics

In this study, the calculation of Frenkel pairs generated as a result of irradiation of
(Tungsten Carbide – Cobalt) alloys with nitrogen ions to different ratios of cobalt
concentration, The value of radiation doses were
.
The hypothetical irradiation was made using nitrogen ions with different energies
between (120-180 keV) and a special program was written in "fortran power station 90" to
obtain the theoretical results.
According to this study,it was found that increasing in nitrogen ions energy causes
increase of T(Max) and decreasing in Frenkel pairs generated by nitrogen ions from the range
(120-180)keV, and the best increase was at energy (120keV)in tungsten and limited increase
in other two types of atoms ( carbon and cobalt) ,because it's affected by another factors such
as changing in temperatures and the ratios of cobalt concentration . These Frenkel pairs are
generating dislocations and deformations in crystal lattice which in turn lead to an increase
the hardness of these alloys.

This paper used a new program implemented in MATLAB to calculate the electric
potential, electric field and charge density distributions in three dimensions (3-D) of an
electrostatic precipitator for wire-plate type, the principle of the program is Finite Difference
Method (FDM) which is applied to solve Poisson’s equation and the relation between electric
potential and electric field with suitable boundary conditions and programmed in MATLAB.
In the present study the software's appears both accuracy results and the computation time
required for solving the problem is less. Also the results obtained through their
implementation in computer programs are better than FDM or FEM techniques when it use
without combined of other technique

The survey by the G.P.R. in the site of Fatimah shrine and around it in the city of Najaf
was represented an indications of cavities within the penetrated depth up to about 18m as
shown in the profiles No.(232cavity, 234cavity, 235cavity). Inside the site the profiles are not
indicate any cavities within the layers.
The G.P.R profiles indicate the following layers :
1- (5m) reworked material.
2- (12m) sandstone with velocity of (6.5cm/ns) and (ε= 21.4).
This layer consist of sandstone of Dibdibba formation which consist of cross bedded
sandstone with very hard thin beds of Celestite in the upper most part and very hard massive
sandstone in the lower part. In the lower most part of this layer (1.5-2m) loosed friable pebbly
sandstone was found. From the above mentioned description the area of Fatima shrine was
found on the Dibdibba sandstone formation.
3- (6m) clay stone with (8.4 cm/ns) and (ε= 12.7).
4- (25m) cyclic deposits of clastic sediments.
Consist of sandstone cross bedded and siltstone and clay stone. Within this bed the
water table could be recognize. The boundaries below the water table are not highly clears for
recognition, then we used many different type of filter and processing methods to recognize
these boundaries .The water table in the city of Al-Najaf is between (20-25m) below the
surface of the earth.

Present work focuses on employing the density functional theory with the B3LYP
hybrid functional and 6-31G basis sets to study the effects of the addition of poly-hydroxyl
subgroups on the electronic properties of fullerene C60 cage molecule. We used the
Koopman,
s method to calculate some important electronic variables, such as, the ionization
energy, electron affinity and electronegativity. The results showed the location and the
subgroups number of hydroxyl in fullerene molecule effect on the calculated energies. The
addition of the hydroxyl reduces the energy gap, means we construct new molecular
electronic structureswhich can be used in many applications of the organic molecular
electronics.

The effect of discharge voltage of a discharge tube were investigated.The discharge
voltage (700,800,900,1000,1100,1200) volt were applied under pressure of helium gas was
(7Pa) and the inter electrode distance was (130mm). The measurements were achieved
without and with parallel magnetic field of (25 mT). The electron temperature calculated from
Id – Vd characteristics curves of double Langmuir probe. Results of electron temperature
indicated that the behavior of electron temperature decreased with increasing the discharge
voltage with and without the magnetic field.But their values at (B=0) was smaller than the
corresponding values at (B=25 mT).

The research is include theoretical study of the properties of the low-lying energy states
of isotope. calculation of the energies of the end point of the levels of
isotope
feeders transitions negative beta as well as account the branching ratios (B.R%) of these
levels and through this information been identified comparative half-life ( ) of each of
these levels by using the rapid method of nuclear levels, which depends on the energy levels
and the half-life of the parent nucleus and its atomic number (Z) and compare it with previous
studies which found that there is a good agreement with these results.

This paper presents the effect of the sun's radiation pressure on the orbital elements of
Russian GLONASS satellites eclipses of the satellite as it passes through the Earth's shadow
will be taken into considerations when calculating the pressure effect of solar radiation. First
solar radiation effects in the calculation the variation in orbital elements of GLONASS
satellites at different values of argument of perigee. Second the effect of solar radiation
pressure of the GLONASS satellites was obtained in different three orbital planes (i.e. three
different values of right ascension of ascending nodes). The amplitude of oscillations in the
semi major axis is large due to the solar pressure radiation and the variation depends on the
location of the satellite in the plane (depends on arguments of perigee). The effect of solar
radiation pressure on the GLONASS satellite shows that amplitudes of oscillations also
depends on the direction of plane(right ascension of node).

We investigated the electrical properties of Graphene Sheet by employing the
B3LYP/DFT at SIESTA – trunk - 462 of program, and calculated by employing the LDA
calculations using the Gollum software . We showed that the studied Graphene Sheet has
small energy band gap. Graphene Sheet has high values of ionization potential and electron
affinity. It has small value of electrochemical hardness and large value of electronic softness.
The calculated density of states and the observed nonzero density of states indicates a finite
number of states. The I-V characteristic and conductance curves showed high value of
conductivity. Pure Graphene Sheet is suggest that may make it a suitable for thermoelectric
applications.

The image can be segmented into homogenous areas by many different ways. In this
paper the program was used to divided the image which is Texture based on colorThe images
used in this paper were the MRI (Magnetic Resonance Image) of a healthy person and other
images of sick person, had the diseas. The colored images MRI were divided into many areas
according to the colors by using three filters .i.e. Entropy filter, standard deviation (STD)
filter, and Range filter where the colored image was changed into gray one.

A 200 nm thickness of Copper Phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin films were thermally
evaporated at 10-5 mbar in a PVD device on glass substrate at temperature of 303 and 403
oK. This study focused on the effect of substrate temperature on structural properties of CuPc
thin films. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) showed that films were deposited at 303 oK
represent β-phase and films were deposited at 403 oK represent α-phase, that is in mean phase
transition from β-phase to α-phase in CuPc layers. Grain size increased from 30 nm for films
deposited at 303 oK to 360 nm for the films deposited at 403 oK. Scanning electron
microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images showed increasing in CuPc
Nano rods sizes , crystallization and surface roughness as substrate temperature increased.

A method of moments (MM) formulation is presented for active and passive wire
radiators attached to, or near, bodies of translation( BOT), including open or closed cylinders
of arbitrary cross section as well as curved panels. This formulation builds on previous MM
analysis for BOT's and wires. The analysis incorporates a special junctions basis set for the
antenna attachment points. Total domain and piecewise continuous expansion functions are
used on the surfaces. The formulation is primarily intended for prediction of radiation patterns
of wire antenna (such as monopoles and loops) on asymmetric bodies of translation, open or
closed(capped). Fortran Power Station 90 was used to programming. Radiation patterns are
plotted by origin program.

Bending effect was studied on reached signal through single mode fiber by two light
sources ( Infrared LED model IR333C-A with wavelength 940nm andpure red laser Diode
model RLD63NZC5 with wavelength rate 635nm) , Measurements were conducted contacts
Postal Service and the communication in Najaf the bending losses were calculated in addition
to the critical radius of curvature. These results were compared to theoretical results to find
out that both results were very close.

Present study deals with the electronic properties of donor-bridge-acceptor(D-B-A) molecular
systems. By employing the density functional theory, the calculations were carried out to
analyze the applications of oligophenylene-pyridene OPE-PY-based structures. All
calculations have been carried out using the Gollum program together with SIESTA code at
the high end computation unit-Lancaster University-UK.
The results showed that, the high occupied molecular orbitals HOMOs are strongly localized
on the anchor groups for the structure with pyridyl anchor group. The distribution of the
frontier molecular orbitals suggests that the conductance may be dominated by transport
through the low unoccupied molecular orbitals LUMOs for the configurations with pyridyl
anchor group. The curve of the ionization potential of PY-based configurations structures
goes toward low IP (OPE-PY-3˂ OPE-PY-2˂ OPE-PY-1), that means OPE-PY-3 structure
needs a small energy to donating electrons in comparison with the others. Also, all the studied
molecular systems have semiconductor properties with energy band gap in the order of OPEPY-2˂ OPE-PY-3˂ OPE-PY-1. In addition, the lowest molecular length is for the structures
with carbon triple bonds in the middle. The calculations of the transmission coefficient
showed that, the value of the structures without side group is higher than that of the structure
with side group. The electrical transport of these molecules could be control by switching
from one type of anchor group to another one and that means these molecules could useful for
sensing device-applications.

This research study nitrogen molecules(N2) which is consider as linear molecule with
diatoms atoms, The aim of this research was studying the effect of the bond(NN) on the
thermal and spectral properties of N2 molecules by using one of semiemperical methods of
quantum mechanic (PM3)and comparison with the experimental results.We calculate and
study the importanl physical properties for N2 molecules like geometrical shape at
equailibrium point,calculation the stretch length of the bond ((NN) and from potiential
dissiontion enrgy curve of N2 molecules we calculate the spectral decay enrgy and the
frequency of vibration mode of the N2 molecules Also,we studied the thermal
properties(thermodynamic) for the molecules with range from (100-500)K these properties
are the heat of formation, heat capacity,entropy and enthalpy.The relations between these
properties with temperature were ploted and discussed with expermintal results.

In present work radioactivity measurements of radionuclides to (226Ra,232Th and 40K)
and Some Radiological Parameters of (14) tobacco leaves samples that available in Iraq
markets was determined using NaI (TI). The results showed the average specific activity for
226Ra, 232Th and 40K have been found (4.299) Bq/Kg, (4.729) Bq/Kg and (1029.147) Bq/Kg.
while the average values of annual effective dose226Ra, 232Th and 40K were (0.101) mSv/y,
(0.796) mSv/y and (0.035) mSv/y.