Kirkuk Journal of Science

This research paper presents a new method: the integral Rohit
transform to study and solve quantum physics problems. The standard
calculus approach is typically used to solve quantum mechanics issues.
The obtained solutions demonstrate the potential and efficacy of the
suggested approach to overcoming quantum mechanical problems,
such as low-energy particle scattering by a completely rigid sphere
and particle behavior in a one-dimensional infinitely high potential
box. The successful application of the integral Rohit Transform has
been demonstrated in solving the one-dimensional time-independent
Schrodinger’s equation. This application has yielded results that include
the determination of eigenenergy values and eigenfunctions for a
particle confined within an infinitely high potential well, as well as the
calculation of the total scattering cross-section for low-energy particles
interacting with a perfectly rigid sphere. In the case of low energy
limit, the total scattering cross-section for low energy particles due to a
perfectly rigid sphere, as determined through quantum mechanics, is
equivalent to the geometrical cross-section of said sphere. Additionally,
the energy values that the particle can possess within a one-dimensional
infinitely high potential well demonstrate that the energy of said particle,
when confined within this potential well, is quantized.

Gallstones are a medical condition that is found all over the world.
However, the rates of occurrence vary significantly depending on
the geographical location. The present study aims to examine the
histopathological changes in the mucosa of the gall bladder in patients
with cholelithiasis. The study involved 81 patients who were treated
with a gallbladder removal operation due to cholecystitis. The patients
were divided into groups according to their symptoms. The histological
study involved fixing gallbladder samples in 10% formalin, dehydrating
them in ethanol, clearing them in xylol, and embedding them with
paraffin wax. Sections were cut, stained, and viewed under a light
microscope. The result of this study reveals variations in gallstone
disease distribution concerning symptoms. patients without symptoms
represent (23.45%), Patients with mild symptoms and without complications represent (35.80%), patients with severe symptoms without
complications represent (12.35%), and patients with severe symptoms
and complications represent (28.40%). The following abnormalities in
gallbladder tissue are presented: Some pouching of mucosal epithelium
were found, which extended from the surface epithelium into the deep
muscle layer of the gallbladder. Disruption of the epithelium, irregular
surfaces, and vacuolated cytoplasm were found in the gallbladder
epithelium. The tissue section showed infiltration of some inflammatory
cells, lymphocytes, and plasma cells, and some types of macrophages
of the gallbladder mucosa with chronic inflammatory cells associated
with epithelial hyperplasia, bleeding in blood vessels was frequently
occurring. The study concluded that pathological alterations in the
gallbladder epithelium may contribute to gallstone development.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), is a complex condition that
affects women of reproductive age, women with PCOS present a
prevalence of obesity. Current study aims to evaluate the adiponectin
level and its gene polymorphism (+276 T /G). The patients and
control women samples were collected from May 2022 to March 2023.
140 samples were collected ages from 18 to 40 years old from the
Maternity Teaching Hospital, they divided into two groups: Group
I: 70 obese control and Group II: 70 obese PCOS. Using PCR for
allele-specific amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). Serum
specimens were collected for the measurement of many biochemical
parameters. Results showed that adiponectin levels in PCOS decreased
significantly, while leptin increased significantly when compared to
control. HOMA-IR, Glucose, Insulin, and Testosterone parameters
increased significantly in PCOS, while SHBG increased non-significantly.
MDA and vit. D parameters increased significantly in PCOS, while
vit.C showed a significant decrease. Serum cholesterol level was
increased non-significantly in patients with PCOS group as compared to
the control group, HDL was decreased significantly in PCOS women,
while non-significant increase was observed in LDL, TG, and VLDL as
compared to control women. The participants with homozygous for the
G allele of the adiponectin (+276 T/G) had a significant and increased
risk of PCOS with a significant decrease in adiponectin in PCOS. This
study concluded that the decreased serum adiponectin can serve as a
valuable biomarker for diagnostic PCOS in obese women, and G allele
of the adiponectin showed an increased risk for PCOS.

This study was designed to evaluate the roles of total Thyroxine
T4, total T3, free Thyroxine FT4, free triiodothyronine FT3, and thyroid
stimulating hormone TSH indicators in the pathogenesis of patients
with thyroid diseases. Seventy patients with thyroid diseases and
thirty healthy individuals (as a control group) were enrolled in this
study from April to July 2024. An HSCL-5000MICRO Homogenous
Chemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer was used to measure the
markers. Most patients were females (82.9%) with age groups; 31-40
(32.9%) and 41-50 (40.0%) years Significantly increased (p<0.05) levels
of total T4 in patients than controls, while levels of FT4 were significantly
(p<0.05) decreased in patients than controls. In contrast, our research
reveals no significant difference (p>0.05) between levels of T3, FT3, and
TSH indicators and study groups. ROC curve results showed the FT4
scored the highest sensitivity and specificity (77% and 72%), followed
by T4 (68% and 68%) and then TSH (57% and 60%) at cut off values
(13.42, 88.28 and 2.67) respectively in screening patients with thyroid
diseases with significant different (p<0.05). Our investigation mentions
no significant differences (p>0.05) between levels of T4, T3, T4, FT3
and TSH in males versus females and within age groups of patients. It
was also noted that there was no significant correlation among thyroid
hormones. In conclusion, this study proved that FT4 was more critical
for detecting thyroid disease due to its high sensitivity and specificity.

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among
women worldwide and remains a significant global health issue.
Autophagy plays a dual role in breast cancer, influencing both anti-tumor
immunity and tumor progression. This study aimed to investigate the role
of autophagy markers, specifically SDF1 and CXCR4, in breast cancer
pathogenesis among Iraqi women. A total of 90 participants, aged
25–65 years, were divided into three groups: 30 newly diagnosed breast
cancer patients, 30 patients undergoing chemotherapy, and 30 healthy
controls. The chemotherapy regimen for the treated group included
Adriamycin (60 mg/m2
) combined with cyclophosphamide, administered
in 21-day cycles. Diagnosis was confirmed through mammography and
histopathological examination. Blood samples (3 ml) were collected,
processed, and stored for analysis, with serum levels of SDF1 and
CXCR4 measured using ELISA kits. The study revealed that SDF1
levels were significantly elevated in newly diagnosed patients (84.91 ±
4.2 pg/ml) compared to chemotherapy patients (59.94 ± 2.18 pg/ml) and
controls (57.00 ± 3.47 pg/ml), with p≤0.001. Similarly, CXCR4 levels
were highest in newly diagnosed patients (0.5 ± 0.06 ng/ml), followed by
controls (0.11 ± 0.01 ng/ml) and chemotherapy patients (0.08 ± 0.01
ng/ml), also with p≤0.001. A moderate positive correlation between
SDF1 and CXCR4 (r = 0.5, p = 0.001) was observed, indicating their
potential role in breast cancer progression. These findings highlight the
significance of SDF1 and CXCR4 as potential markers for understanding
breast cancer pathogenesis and progression, offering insights for
targeted therapeutic approaches.