Journal of University of Babylon

Malicious software is any type of software or codes which hooks some: private information, data from the computer system, computer operations or(and) merely just to do malicious goals of the author on the computer system, without permission of the computer users. (The short abbreviation of malicious software is Malware). However, the detection of malware has become one of biggest issues in the computer security field because of the current communication infrastructures are vulnerable to penetration from many types of malware infection strategies and attacks. Moreover, malwares are variant and diverse in volume and types and that strictly explode the effectiveness of traditional defense methods like signature approach, which is unable to detect a new malware. However, this vulnerability will lead to a successful computer system penetration (and attack) as well as success of more advanced attacks like distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack. Data mining methods can be used to overcome limitation of signature-based techniques to detect the zero-day malware. This paper provides an overview of malware and malware detection system using modern techniques such as techniques of data mining approach to detect known and unknown malware samples.

The Main advantage of this work is to concentrate on the outcome of the function as
a function of ( ) , ( ) . This type of work has been studied deeply by [HIL , 12] .
Here , we see that the outcomes of the function are depending on the of the function ( ) . More
deeply , ' s value will appear as a matrix of zero triangle values depending 0n the positive of on
the real line .

Image morphing is a multi-step process that generates a sequence of transitions between two images. The thought is to get a ₔgrouping of middle pictures which, when ₔassembled with the first pictures would represent the change from one picture to the other. The process of morphing requires time and attention to detail in order to get good results. Morphing image requires at least two processes warping and cross dissolve. Warping is the process of geometric transformation of images. The cross dissolve is the process interpolation of color of eachₔ pixel from the first image value to theₔ corresponding second imageₔ value over the time. Image morphing techniques differ from in the approach of image warping procedure. This work presents a survey of different techniques to construct morphing images by review the different warping techniques. One of the predominant approaches of warping process is mesh warping which suffers from some problems including ghosting. This work proposed and implements an improved mesh warping technique to construct morphing images. The results show that the proposed approach can overcome the problems of the traditional mesh technique.

Lempel–Ziv–Welch (LZW) is a data compression method, which is adopted by many applications likes Electrocardiography (ECG) data to reduce the size of transferred data. Because of the ECG data moves over the network all the time, which means there is a need to reduce its size to improve the network performance. In this paper, we concerned with the LZW method, which is one of the important and famous data compression method. We propose a protocol to improve the way in which the LZW saving an index for the compressed data. The proposed protocol could reduce the size of the index in LZW method. Five samples data groups provided by Physionet are used for evaluation. The experimental result shows that the proposed protocol can give best compression ratio compared with the original method.

We studied this work investigate the fixed points of modified Kaplan York map k1 and we focus on found contracting and expanding area of this map ,Moreover we study the dynamical system of modified Kaplan York map,is aslo studied the chaotic properties of k1 proved the topological entropy of k1 is positive , k1 is sensitive dependence into initial condition , k1 is transitive finally the Lyapunov exponent is positive .we use mat lab program to show the sensitivity and transitivity of Kaplan York map

In this paper, we discuss an algebraic system introduced in 2015 by Mohammed and Abdul Wahab called it a Special kind of non associative seminear-ring with BCK Algebra (SNAK-seminear ring ) where we prove some properties and give some examples . We define three types of it we, call the first is an ideal of type one, the second is an ideal of type two and the third is an ideal of type three. We prove some of properties and give some example .

we introduce (u)niform-Preato distribution U-PD, we discusses some of its properties, distribution, probability density, reliability function, hazard, reserved hazard functions, moments, mode median and its order statistics. Furthermore, the study estimates the shape parameter. We also introduce the simulation study about the estimation of the parameter and the survival function and the application using the data about "spina bifida" disease that the name of the most common birth defect in Babylon province.

Smoking represents a worldwide problem and affects various body functions. The present study was conducted to evaluate the available concentration of some clotting factors in smokers polycythemic male patients. A total number of subjects was 120, 80 smokers males were affected with polycythemia and the remainders 40 males were healthy and served as a control group. The polycythemic patients were subdivided into two groups according to their ages (first group ranged between 30-40 years old and the second group ranged between 41-50 years old). PCV, clotting factor (FI, FVII and FVIII) were detected. The results of present study indicated that the levels of prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastine time (APTT) were significantly increased (p˂ 0.05) in both groups of polycythemia in comparison with control group. Regarding concentration of fibrinogen factor (FI) and serum prothrombin conversion accelerator factor (FVII) were elevated (P˂ 0.05) in both groups and pointed out a positive correlation (r = 0.437, r = 0.378, respectively) with packed cell volume (PCV) when compared with those of control group. On the other hand, concentration of antihemophilic factor (FVIII) recorded a significant fall (p˂ 0.05) in both tested groups and indicated a low correlation (r = 0.292). The possible explanation to the changes mentioned above is based on the fact that confirm smoking is a dangerous material containing different toxic substances that affect the vital organs of the body and induce abnormalities of hemostatic mechanism.

In order to prove the implication of John Cunningham virus in colorectal cancer of Iraqi patients. Sixty eight (68) formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded colorectal tissues were obtained in this study ;42 biopsies from colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and (16) from benign colorectal tumors as well as (10) apparently normal colorectal autopsies control group. The age of these individuals (patients and control groups) were ranged between 7 and 85 years. The patients samples were collected from the archives of histopathology laboratories of AL-Shaheed Gazi Al-Hariery Hospital for Specialized Surgery /Baghdad Teaching Hospital in Baghdad Medical City ;Al-Hilla ;AL-Saddar(Al-Najef); Al-Hussein (Kerblla) as well as many private histopathology laboratories that generously helped as and are kindly thanked in the present dedication. This study found the percent of JCVs -ISH in tissues with CRC observed in42.8% ( 18 out of 42 cases), and in the benign was detected in 6.25% (1 out of 16 cases) while, in the healthy control group was detected in10% (1 out of 10 cases). The highest rates of JCV detected in relation with tumor grade depending on the differentiated of cells were 61.1 % (11 out of 18 cases) in grade I(well differentiated carcinoma), followed by 33.3% (6 out of 18cases) in grade II(moderately differentiated carcinoma), and 6.55% (1 out of 42 cases) in grade III (poorly differentiated carcinoma).
Conclusion of This Study
Significant association of John Cunningham virus infection with colorectal cancers indicate for an important possible role for this viral agent in the development of this subset of colorectal tumors.

Background: Urinary tract infection is the most common hospital-acquired infection. Fungal species are unusual causes of urinary tract infection in healthy individuals, but common in the hospital setting or among patients with predisposing diseases and structural abnormalities of the kidney and collecting system. Burn patients are susceptible to nosocomial infections owing to the immunocompromising effects of burn injury, cutaneous and respiratory tract injury, prolonged intensive care unit stays and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Objective: The study population includes adult patients of both genders who presented with different percentages of body burns. Urine sample was collected from each patient at the time of admission and weekly thereafter for 6 weeks and sent for general urine examination and urine culture to test for the possibility of fungal growth. Those who found to develop fungal UTI by urine culture during their hospitalization and had no infection at the time of admission were selected as subjects for our study. Results: 28 (18.6%) patients had positive fungal culture during their hospitalization, 11 of them were males and 17 were females, the most common age of presentation was 41-50 years and the mean age ± SD was (44.4 ± 10.7) years. The most common isolated fungi were Candida albicans (64.3%), followed by Candida glabrata (21.4%) and Candida tropicalis (7.1%). The majority of patients developed infection within the 2nd and 3rd weeks of hospitalization, however, those who presented with total body surface area burned > 40% developed an earlier infection within the 1st week. Female gender, urethral catheterization and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with higher risk of infection as the P values were 0.03, 0.005 and 0.004 respectively. Conclusion: Fungal urinary tract infection occurred in 18.6% of burn patients. The most common causative fungi are candida species. Advanced age, female gender, high percentage of body burn, urethral catheterization and diabetes mellitus were identified as the most common risk factors of such infection.

One hundred fifty urine samples were collected from urinary tract infection patients. We obtained 40 isolates of Escherichia coli among these clinical samples. A proportion of UTI in females 93 (62%) is higher than that in males 57 (38%). All locally isolates are multi-resistant, the highest rate of resistance was seen with Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and Cloxacillin. The results showed high percentage 14(35%) of class C among locally isolates , while only 4(10%) are able to produce Class A ESβL , on the other hand (7/40) and (8/40) were ESβL neither Class A nor Class C Present and ESβL absent respectively , while among the 40 isolates only 7 isolates were Non-Typable. Three types of β-lactamases include ESβLs genes (blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M) by the use of uniplex PCR assay. The blaSHV was detected in 1 isolates (2.5%) of the UPEC isolates, while for the blaTEM gene the result showed that in 27 detected isolates (67.5%), there is 23 isolates (57.5%) which indicates the prevalence of blaCTX-M gene. The results showed the Co-existence of blaTEM, blaCTX-M in 30% of isolates, while one isolate blaSHV, blaTEM, blaCTX-M in their genome component.

In this study the Surface layer (S-layer) protein was extracted from Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria ,the humoral immune response that induced by S-layer protein only or as adjuvant was investigated by using 16 males New Zealand rabbits and divided into four groups, each group contained four rabbits, the first group was immunized with S-layer protein only, the second group was immunized with heated killed antigen(HKA)of Sallmonella typhi only, the third group was immunized with mixed antigens (S-layer+ HKA),while the fourth group considered as control group and immunized with normal saline. The HKA of S. typhi was used to evaluate the efficiency of S-layer protein as adjuvant. After the immunization period, the humoral immune response was investigated by several tests include, tube agglutination test and passive agglutination test that used to detect the antibody titer. Biuret method was used to determine the total protein concentration in serum samples and total protein concentration of secretory immunoglobulin that extracted form appendix samples. In addition the Radical Immunodiffution (RID) method was used to detect the concentration level of the IgG in serum samples. Moreover the concentration level of the CD4 in the serum samples was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method .In all these tests the result revealed, both of S-layer protein only , HKA of only and mixed antigens(S-layer+ HKA) were given significantly increased in comparison with control group at P<0.05. The result showed that the concentration level of IgG with mean values (2365.5 , 3505 and 2916) mg/dl respectively while the control group with mean value (1662)mg/dl. In addition the concentration level of CD4 molecule with mean values (9.37, 11.77 and 17.36) ng/ml respectively while the control group with mean value (6.91) ng/ml .The results showed that these three types of antigens induced the humoral immune response .

This research includes synthesis and identification of new polymers that are expected having industrial applications in paint ships and dyes. These polymers were prepared from cheap and available materials such as glycerol and catechol, hydroquinone and resorcinol and using cheap catalyst in good yields.
The resulting compounds were identified by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, CHN, and DSC techniques. Some physical properties of these compounds were studied.

In this paper,studies of the physical and mechanical properties such as (tensile e strength, elongation, modulus and hardness) to (IT 1060) tires in Babylon tire industry are prepared in this study three groups of models
The first group: included 7 samples that contain synthetic rubber with silica in different proportions by weight (1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% ,12.5%, 15%)phr.
The second group: included 7 samples that contain synthetic rubber with Iraqi kaolin in different proportions by weight (1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% ,12.5%, 15%)phr.
The third group: contains 4 samples included mix filler (silica & kaolin) of different proportions by weight.
(Two roll mill) are used in preparation after conducting tests and the use of many devices test results showed that the best ratio by weight (7.5 phr) to improve the physical and mechanical properties.

This study deals with the investigation of the electronic sensing and spectroscopic behavior for the di-oxide pyrimidine as one type of Breast cancer cell and it is adduct di-oxide fluorine pyrimidine. The stationary state energy, electronic states, forbidden energy and some electronic variables were theoretically calculated by employing density functional theory using Gaussian 09 package of programs. The results showed that the di-oxide pyrimidine with presence of Fluorine has high electronic sensing and it is more chemically active to interacts with the surrounding. The presence of Fluorine in the structure has no effect on the vibration modes of the di-oxide pyrimidine but has high effect on the excitation energy can occur for the Breast cancer cell, the di-oxide pyrimidine with Fluorine has high sensing property than the di-oxide

Ultrasonic (U/S) properties of (Chitin (Ch)/TiO2) nano-composite gel have been studied. The concentrations of Chitin polymer that dissolved in (500 mL) from N-N dimethyl- acetamide and (5% LiCl) at RT. for (0.5 hrs.) were (0.1, 0.2,…, 0.8 g/mL)% respectively, then TiO2 added as (0.25 and 0.5) g for each concentrates of polymer. All U/S measurements have been made at (f =25 kHz) frequency.
The results show that all U/S properties enhanced after the addition of TiO2, and this property used in U/S devices.

A systematic study for the calculation of the fine structure intervals - and - for the ground configuration 3s23p3 and the excited configuration 3s23p24s respectively, and electric dipole transition rate - as well as transition energy form the excited configuration 3s23p24s to the ground configuration 3s23p3 in Phosphorus isoelectronic sequence by applying multi-configuration Dirac-Fock (MCDF) method. The effect of Breit interaction, QED and correlation on the fine structure interval and the gauge invariance effect on the transition probability are studied. Also the fine structure intervals for the phosphorus ions from Piii to Pxv are calculated and are compared with the available experimental data and gives good consistent.

The concentrations of heavy metals in the fertilizer samples collected from Iraq have been determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The agricultural practices have led to the depletion of the natural elements in soils. Therefore, phosphate fertilizers are used in huge amounts everywhere and are essential for agricultural crops, to increase the heavy metals in soil. The average concentration of Fe, K, Zn, Mg, Cu, Mn, Cr, and Ni were found to 5.27, 23.02, 0.36, 2.49, 0.171, 0.261, 0.052 and 0.021 %, respectively. The average heavy metal of Fe, K, Zn, Mg, Cu, Mn, Cr, and Ni were within the limits of those used worldwide. The obtained data could be useful as baseline data for heavy metals in fertilizers. The organic fertilizers are the main chemicals used by the agricultural sector. On the other hand, the results demonstrate the widely supported use of organic fertilizers in agriculture.

determine uranium concentrations in beef and lamb samples collected from selected regions in Iraq. The results show that the uranium concentrations in beef samples ranged between (6.84 – 12.75 μg kg-1), whereas uranium concentrations in lamb samples ranged between (4.70 – 8.37 μg kg-1). The results indicated that the mean value of uranium concentration in beef and lamb samples of the southern Iraq region is higher than those of other locations. The levels of uranium concentrations in animal tissues are normal and lower than limit recommended by ICRP.

Vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flushes and night sweats, are very common during the menopausal transition. One of the important alternative treatments is foods or supplements enriched with phytoestrogens.
Aim of the study
To assess the efficacy, safety and acceptability of pometone supplements for reducing sweating, hot flushes and sleep disturbance in peri and postmenopausal women.
Methods
This cross sectional randomized clinical therapeutic trail involved 44 peri and postmenopausal women. All patients took oral pometone capsule 500mg twice daily for one month period.
Result
The mean of hot flush, sweating score before treatment was 8.11±1.72. After four weeks of treatment, it became 1.36 ±2.10; P value was < 0.0001. The mean of sleep disturbance score before treatment was 4.40±3.03. After four weeks of treatment, it become 1.22 ±1.80 ; P value was < 0.0001 . No side effect was reported during the course of this study.
Conclusion
Pometone is effective, safe and cheep treatment to reduce hot flushes , night sweat and sleep disturbance in peri and postmenopausal women.