Journal of Kufa - physics

In this paper we investigate the effect of image size on the compression
parameters of the fractal image compression technique(FIC) proposed by
Jacquin This research is tested on 8 bits/pixel gray images, three different
size of gray image have been used (100 x 100, 150 x 150 ,256 x256). The
results show that the PSNR, Bit Rate and Encoding time are increase with
the increase of image size, but the CR is decreases with the increase of
image size, The quality of the reconstructed image is pleasurable either we
use any size of images .

AuramineO is fluorined organic and sensitive for light,has been chosen in this workdissolved
in ethanol liquid. The Ethanol did not effected onAuramineO absorption because the absorption of
Ethanol drop and approaches to zero in the visible spectrum region .After studying the
spectroscopic properties of AuramineO dye ,it showed that it have wide range of absorptionspectra
and high fluoridation.So the relative intensity of both absorption and fluorescespectra were
increasedbyincreasing concentrationto a certain extent andthus compatible with Beer- Lambert law.
Accordingly we could determine the highest absorption and fluorescence of each concentration and
calculated molar absorptioncoefficientes ,quantum efficiency , radiated lifetime, fluorescence
lifetime and stokes shift . These panelsofAuramineO dye were used as concentrators for solar cell
and all their panels are infallible improving and raies the efficiency of solar cell at ratio
spotty.Measuresof the thickness for the panelsshowed they effect on the efficiency solar cell that the
thicknessof panels if increase thesolar cell efficiency decrease, therefore it is preferred using little
thickness.

The adjustment of observation is an important applications in the remote sensing and
the geodesy. for this purpose , nineteen control ground points at the University of
Baghdad, navigated by Garmine GPS navigator (UTM projection, WGS-84 Datum) has
accuracy about (15-100) m and measured by the Total Station Leica 1200. The
configuration of set data or these control ground points were a full curve in the real
world. In this paper, the none liner Least-Squares Estimation Method (NLLSEM) has
been used to estimate parameters of the quadratic function and to test configuration of
the points . The quadratic function for total station and GPS, have been compared and
many mathematical processes have been written by MATLAB language. The quadratic
function of best fit for total station : y(x)=-0.38*x2
+3.4e+005*x-7.4e+010 with accuracy
3.7422e+019 m
2
but for GPS :y(x)=-0.24*x2
+2.1e+005*x-4.7e+010 with accuracy
1.0336e+019 m
2
.

In this paper theoretical calculation of the range for alpha particles with
the energy range (4 – 15)MeV when passing in some metallic media (Cu , Ge , Ag ,
Cd , Te and Au) . Semi empirical formula was used in addition to (SRIM-2012)
program . The Semi empirical equation was programmed to calculate the range using
Matlab Language .The results of the range in these media were compared with the
results obtained from SRIM-2012 and )(2011)Andnet) results . There was good
agreement among the semi empirical equation result , SRIM- 2012 results and with
)(2011)Andnet) results in the low energy .The results showed exponential relation
between the range of alpha particles in these media and the velocity of the particles .
By recourse with SRIM- 2012 results and application them in Matlab program and by
using Curve Fitting Tool we extraction equation with its constants to calculate the
range of alpha particles in any element of these six elements with the energy range
(4 – 15)MeV .The maximum deviation between the results from the semi empirical
calculation and SRIM-2012 results was calculated the statistical test ( kstest2)
in Matlab program

A near-surface geophysical study was conducted at Sulaimani city, NE-Iraq,
using up-hole seismic technique in order to image shallow subsurface in terms of
main dynamic elastic properties of soil and rock layers covering the study area. The
arrival times of the propagated body (P-and S-) waves are measured within (1–2 m)
interval in four boreholes in successive positions and the time-depth curves were
plotted. The boreholes No.1 and No.2 were at western part and boreholes No.3 and
No.4 at eastern part of the studied area. In the boreholes (1,2) the arrival times were
measured down to approximately(12 m) but in the boreholes (3,4) the measurements
had completed down to (16 m) depth. Then, the primary and shear wave velocities
(Vp,Vs) and the dynamic modulus of elasticity including the poisson’s ratio (σ) shear
modulus (G) and elastic modulus (E) for the subsurface soil in the four boreholes
were determined.
The results of the up-hole seismic survey in the boreholes (No.1) and (No.2) at the
western part of the studied area showed the presence of two layers. The first layer
extended down to the depth range (0–5 m) through this layer the Vp values ranged
from (737 m/s – 870 m/s) and Vs from (400 m/s – 480 m/s), with relatively high
values of (σ) ranged from (0.28 to 0.29) and relatively low values of both (G) from
(3.50×108 N/m2
– 5.01×108 N/m2
) and (E) from (8.91×108 N/m2
–12.83×108 N/m2
).
These values revealed to a non-cohesive soil layer.
while, the first layer in the boreholes (No.3) and (No.4) at the eastern part within
the depths (0–10 m) showed the values of Vp, ranged from (1033 m/s–1127 m/s) and
Vs from (665 m/s –705 m/s) and relatively lower values for (σ) ranged from (0.15) in
borehole (No.3) to (0.17) in borehole (No.4). Also, the values of both (G) from
(11.01×108 N/m2
) in boreholes (No.4) to (22.46×108 N/m2
) boreholes (No.3) and (E)
from (10.62×108 N/m2
–25.77×108 N/m2
) in the boreholes (No.3) and (No.4)
respectively referred that first layer in the eastern part more cohesive and consolidated
sediments.
Furthermore, based on the derived seismic velocities and relative dynamic elastic
values, the first layer in the eastern part of the study area was relatively cohesive and
more suitable for engineering project, where as the soil composition of this layer in
the western part varied and considered as non-cohesive sediment up to (5 m) depth
and considered as non suitable for constructing high buildings. Also, the results
revealed that the second layer in both parts of the area was specified as a consolidated
and more cohesive soil layer for the borehole penetrated depths.

The plasma diagnosis system (DHPD-1 Plasma Diagnostic Experimental Instrument) has
been used to generate plasma by DC discharge technique employing Langmuir’s double probe
to measure the (I-V) characteristics and plasma parameters (electron temperature and electron
density). The influence of both longitudinal and transversal magnetic fields on the electron
temperature and electron density of helium gas plasma at low pressures (5, 10, 20, 30) Pa
have been investigated. In presence of magnetic field, it was found that the electron
temperature and electron density decrease with increasing gas pressure. The electron
temperature is decreasing with increasing the longitudinal magnetic field, but it is increasing
with increasing the transversal magnetic field. The electron density is demonstrating an
opposite behavior as compared with electron temperature in presence of magnetic fields.