Kirkuk Journal of Science

A new sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of chlorpromazine
hydrochloride (CPZH) was developed. The method is based on an oxidative coupling
reaction with p-bromoaniline using ammonium ceric sulphate dihydrate as oxidizing agent
to produce a violet color, soluble in water, stable product and absorbs at 553 nm. Beer's law
was in the linear range 2.5 - 30 μg/ml of CPZH, the molar absorptivity, Sandellʼs sensitivity
index and detection limit were 6.5731 × 103
liter. mol-1
.cm
-1
, 0.0541 μg.cm-2
and 0.1361
μg/ml respectively. The RSD value was 1.20 - 1.36 % depending on the concentration. This
method was applied successfully to the determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride in
two pharmaceutical formulations (tablets and injection).

This paper provides a developed cryptosystem for data encryption based on using the
Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). The encryption side using the DFT method for
performing the main security development that is considered as the main encryption
process in the developed cryptosystem. The primary ciphered plaintext data must be
prepared as a block of (N) data, and entered to the DFT part. The decryption side uses as
an inverse DFT method, to get back the primary ciphered plaintext from the received cipher
text. The proposed method applied to classical encryption method, and can be applied to a
stream cipher method. The validity of the developed encryption process is illustrated
through many numerical examples.

Acute heart disease patients often go on to develop worsening renal function, termed as a
cardiorenal syndrome(CRS). Cardiorenal syndrome is defined as “disorders of the heart
and kidneys where by acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or
chronic dysfunction of the other. Methods: Omentin-1 were measured in 144 subjects
including: 50 samples with cardiorenal syndrome, 25 samples with heart disease, 25
samples with kidney disease and 44 normal healthy . Results: A highly significant increase
(p<0.0001) in the levels of omentin-1 with cardiorenal syndrome patients, a highly
significant decrease in patients with heart disease and significant decrease (p<0.05) in
patients with kidney disease group when compared with control group. There is no
significant differences between males and females, while significant increase (p<0.05) in
<50 years age groups in patients with heart cardiorenal syndrome and significant decrease
(p<0.05) in <50 years age groups in patients with kidney disease when compared with 38-50
years age group. Conclusions Omentin-1 have higher diagnostic validity values in the
current study, which may be useful as a diagnostic tool to identify recurrence of the
cardiorenal syndromes.

Aluminum and its alloys solidify in columnar structure with large grain size which results in
deterioration of their surface quality and strength. Aluminum alloys with a wide range of
properties are used in engineering structures. Copper has been the most common alloying
element almost since the beginning of the aluminum industry, and a variety of alloys in
which copper is the major addition were developed. In this work, the influence of pure
copper addition to commercially pure aluminum hardness, compression strength and
thermal conductivity were studied. Six different Al-Cu alloys with 1,2,3,4,5 and 6%Cu
content were prepared and experimentally tested. It was found that adding up to
6wt%Cu led to linear increasing in Brinell hardness, compression strength and
slightly increasing in the thermal conductivity of aluminum-copper alloys.

This study is an attempt to investigate the effect of grading layers thicknesses and
doping on the distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) resistivity by using advanced numerical
simulation (ISETCAD) . Various VCSEL with and without grading DBRs aredesigned. It
was observed increasing the length of grading minimize the voltage drop on the device,
especially for p DBR. And total resistance of the device can be further lowered if all
grading layers are all highly doped.

This study is a cross-sectional study, included forty eight male subjects, during the period from
the beginning of December 2013 to the beginning of April 2014 at Azadi teaching Hospital in
Kirkuk City in Iraq. Questionnaire was administered, patients were examined, blood sample
was collected and examined, data gathered and analysis (SD, T test & P value and Pearson
correlation was employed for analysis of the relationship between variables).
Growth hormone (GH), Serum Ferritin(SF), Hemoglobin (Hb) and packed cell volume(PCV),
also body weight &height as well as body mass index were evaluated in 33 male patients (aged
10–20 years old) with β thalassaemia & in 15 subjects at the same age and sex as a control
group. This study revealed that there was highly significant decrease in all parameters in
thalassemic patients (except serum ferritin was highly significant increase in patients) as
compare with controls (P< 0.001). Positive correlation found between GH and both Hb and
PCV, while negative correlation was found between GH and ferritin level.

Discrete Wavelet Multi-Tone (DWMT) systems acquired attention due to their high spectral
efficiency and high data rates with respect to FFT-based multitone transmission systems. The
complexity of the overall system is directly related to that of the elemental building block. In
the literature, wavelet filters are designed subject to constraints for minimum interference. The
structure of a Minimum Interference Wavelet Filter (MIWF) is very simple even for high filter
orders. In this paper, DWMT systems using a two-branch wavelet filter bank in the transmitter
and its inverse at the receiver are implemented using the Spartan XC3S1200E FPGA. The
details of system implementation are presented for MIWF, Daubechies, and Coiflet wavelet
filters. The tests show that, with respect to the other tested systems, the MIWF-based system is
simpler, faster and capable to preserve its full precision BER performance even when the filter
coefficients word size is reduced to 5 bits.

To determine the prevalence of Toxocara canis and T. cati eggs in public places and children
playgrounds, 783 soil samples were collected from 15 different regions in Saladdin provinces
during July 2012 to June 2013 . Toxocara species eggs are found in 192 samples 24.52% . The
Contamination with these eggs is observed in all sites like Tikrit &Baiji & Samaraa & AlDujail district , Al-Alam & Amerli &Al-Senia & Al-Ouja region ,the village of Albu-Ajil . The
soils of Gardens have more contaminated than bare soils . Higher contamination rate noticed
in February 55.71% and March 52.30% while it decreased to lower level in June 2013 14.75%

Ageing stress induce an effect on each body cell causing degeneration and malfunction as
consequence this appear in different investigation degree of views so this study was mad to
investigate the anatomical, histological and sonographical changes during aging process in
pancreas. The pancreas specimens were divided into five groups (four pancreas specimens )
according to cadaver age ranging from 21- 70 years, to five groups : group A (21-30 years),
group B (31-40 years), group C (41-50 years) ,group D (51-60) and group E (61-70). The
pancreas were inspected grossly for their shape and Location. The morphometrics of
pancreas in the present study was 20.3±2.3 (cm) as a maximum mean length in group B
and 15.6±0.9 (cm) as a minimum mean length in group E. The weight of pancreas in this
study a maximum mean weight in group B was 122.41±0.27 (gm) and minimum mean
weight in group E was 75.52±0.28(gm). Microscopically, pancreatic section showed that,
the pancreas was covered by a thin fibrocollagenous connective tissue capsule from which
septa extend into the gland dividing it into lobules. Nerves and blood vessels extended
within the septa, the lobules contain exocrine tissue and endocrine tissue . Diameter of
pancreatic acini ranged from 49±15 (µm) in head region of group B to 11±2 (µm) in the
tail region of group E . The diameter of Islet of Langerhans ranged from 102±2 (µm) in
head region of group B to 48±15(µm) in the tail region of group E, thickness of pancreatic
septa in the head was 86±3 (µm) as a maximum value in group E and in the tail was 36±5
(µm) as a minimum value in group A .In addition, an ultrasonographic pancreas gland inspection were performed on forty
volunteers who were similarly divided according to age into five groups (eight individuals
for each), according to age, the ultrasound inspection concerned with length and width of
gland .
The results showed that the age have a reliable degeneration effect specially after 40 years
old, other further investigation on different population and further tools help to show more
details about age related changes.

New copper (II) complexes containing mixed ligands of the general formula [Cu(4-
Hydrpipdtc)2L2] and [Cu(4-methylpipdtc)2L2], where (4-Hydrpipdtc), (4-methylpipdtc)=4-
hydroxylpiperidinedithiocarbamate , 4-methylpiperidinedithiocarbamate respectively and
L= 4-picoline ,luitidine ,en ,(1-10)phen,PPh3 , have been prepared and characterized by
elemental analyses ,conductivity , infrared ,electronic spectra and susceptibility
measurements . From the obtained data a square planar geometry was suggested for the bis
(dithiocarbamato) copper (II) complex and octahedral geometry for the others has been
suggested.

In the present work some Shiff bases (1a,b,c,d)were syuthesized using phenyl alanine with
aniline by microwave irradiation. Aseries of mannich base (2a,b,c,d) were prepared by the
reaction of (1a,b,c,d) with uracil in the presence of formaldehyde.The newly synthesized
compounds were characterized on the basis of elemental analysis,I.R and H1NMR. All the
synthesized compounds were tested for their antibacterial activites and antifungal activities.

This study deals with taxonomy of Brachynema virens(Klug, 1845)which collected from
different localities of Kurdistan region-Iraq, including Erbil, Suleimanya and Duhok
Governorates from the mid of April to the end of August2014.Some important parts
,metathorax scent gland, male and female genitalia have been illustrated and drawn .The
results showed that the evaporatoria metathoracic scent gland well defined ;pygophore
slightly longer than broad; paramere somewhat T-shaped; Spermathecal bulb round,
without finger-like processes.Localities, date of collection and host plants were mentioned

This work was mainly designed to study the levels of Mast Cell Tryptase & Beta 2-
Microglobulin in serum of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF), which they were in
the end stage of renal disease (ESDR) depending on hemodialysis (HD) and chronic renal
failure patients with Rh.arthritis called ( renal Osteodystrophy). Blood samples were
collected from Kirkuk General Hospital, with their ages between (20-70) years. This study
included (135) blood samples including (85) sample for patients with chronic kidney
failure and (25) samples for patients with kidney failure and Rh.arthritis in addition to
(25) samples from subjects apparently healthy as control group. Results were obtain A
highly significant increase (p<0. 001) in the levels of tryptase and Beta2 -Microglobulin in
serum of patients with Chronic renal failure and renal osteodystrophy disease comparwith
normal individuals

Some of acrylamide copolymers were used to mercury removal from aqueous solutions of
HgCl2. The uptake capacity of these prepared copolymers was calculated.
The prepared copolymers were identified spectroscopicaly using infrared spectroscopy, the
analysis of the resulting treated HgCl2 solution to know the Hg (II) concentration was obtained
by using atomic absorption.

The mobile applications have become one of the important applications in human life, and
it was widely used during the last ten years. Mobile devices can be used to do various tasks,
such as browsing the internet, sending or receiving emails, and performing other tasks.
Bluetooth technology is considered as one of the important specifications that were added
to mobile phones during the current century where the user can use it for data and image
transmission and others. One of the important applications of Bluetooth, which appeared in
the last years, is the conversation via Bluetooth where users can hold short conversations
using this technique. One of the most important benefits of Bluetooth technology is that it's
free to send and receive messages. While the disadvantages of this application is that it is
short-term, since users must be within the scope of the Bluetooth service which is (7 - 9
meters) to be able to send messages and use it.
In this paper, we will design and implement a private conversation via Bluetooth software
which has the ability to work within biggest scopeby taking advantage of the properties of
the (Scatternet). Each user of the application can be a crossroads for the other users. In
other words, if there is, for example, users (a) and (b) 7 meters away from each other, and a
third user (c) appeared within 12 meters of the first user (a). In this case, the third user (c)
can be connected to the first user through the user (b). In other words, the second user (b)
would be an intermediary between the first user (a) and the third user (c). So, we have been
solved the distance limit problem for using the Bluetooth application. In addition, the users
are now able to chat as a group (not just peer-to-peer) in a private room with a wide range
using the piconet and scatternet characteristics. Netbeans 5.5, Java 2 Micro Edition
(J2ME), Bluetooth API (JSR-82), Nokia Pc Suites are the tools and technologies that have
been used through building this application.

Urban air pollution problem is a major concern in many large cities and becomes
increasingly critical around the world. The effects of urban air pollution on public health
are being felt worldwide. Pollutants can destroy sensitive tissues (in people, animals and
plants). Kirkuk city is considered as the main petroleum city in Iraq. The recent year's
rapid growth of this city has resulted in a significant increase in environmental pollution.
The aim of this research was to measure some important pollutant concentrations such as
(SO2, NO2, CO, O3, and PM2.5, PM10) in Kirkuk city. The studied area contains (18) sites
which are taken for the period (January – May, 2014), the coordinate of each individual
sample location was determined by Global Position System (GPS) (Garmin navigator).
Geographic Information System (GIS) was utilized to map urban air pollution dispersion
over Kirkuk city. Air Quality Index (AQI) for Kirkuk city is calculated using six main
pollutants for five months of measurements. The average AQI of Kirkuk city was found to
be polluted to unhealthy (AQI values = 101 – 200).

The nuclear structure of 14N and 10B nuclei are studied in framework two collective
excitation approximations. The first approximation is hole-hole Tamm-Dancoff
Approximation (hh TDA) and the second is hole-hole Random Phase Approximation (hh
RPA). All possible single body states of the allowed angular momenta are considered in the
1s, 1p, 2s-1d, and 1f shells. The Hamiltonian is diagonalized in the presence of Warburton
and Brown interaction (WBP). The calculated compared with experimental data for the
energy levels and form factors of electron scattering.

During this research some chemical modifications especially )mercuration) have been done on
Dowex resin.
It is known that the sulfur dioxide gases are the main source of acid rain and air pollution,
result from the conversion of fuels containing sulfur compounds in combustion engines. As a
result of environmental impact, strict requirements on low sulfur content in fuels are becoming
prominent throughout the world.
This study was carried out to remove dibenzothiophene from model light oil (benzene
containing DBT, 3080 ppm. sulfur content) by using the mercurated Dowex.The analysis of
the resulting treated DBT solution to know the sulfur concentration was obtained by using
atomic absorption
The mercurated polymers were identified spectroscopicaly using infrared spectroscopy

Glass samples in the system of (P2O5)75-(CuO)25-x-(CdO)x/(P2O5)75-(CuO)25-x-
(ZnO)x/(P2O5)75-(CuO)25-x-(V2O5)x/(P2O5)50-(TeO2)50-x-(CdO)x/(P2O5)50-(TeO2)50-x-(ZnO)x
and (P2O5)50-(TeO2)50-x-(V2O5)x glasses of different compositions where (x = 0, 5, 10, 15,20)
were prepared by the melt-quenching technique. Optical absorption spectra of different
compositions were recorded in the visible and UV regions and optical parameters such as
optical energy gap (Eopt) and band tails (Eo) were determined by Urbach formula, the
measurements for phosphate glasses of optical energy gap (Eopt) (P2O5)75-(CuO)25-x-(CdO)x
have been determined and founded between (3.75-4.185) eV, (P2O5)75-(CuO)25-x-(ZnO)x the
value of optical energy gap is between (3.75-4.25)eV, (P2O5)75-(CuO)25-x-(V2O5)x the (Eopt) is
between (3.75-4.2)eV. for tellurite glasses the measurements of optical energy gap (Eopt) of
(P2O5)50-(TeO2)50-x-(CdO)x have been determined and founded between (3.825-4.25)eV,
(P2O5)50-(TeO2)50-x-(ZnO)x the (Eopt) is between (4.035-4.2)eV, (P2O5)50-(TeO2)50-x-(V2O5)x
the value of optical energy gap is between (3.875-4.335)eV, It was found that the
fundamental absorption of these glasses is dependent upon compositions and arises from
forbidden indirect transitions. The most satisfactory results were obtained with the theory
Davis and Mott for forbidden indirect transitions.

When crude oil is produced from an oil field well, it is generally accompanied with variable
proportions of water, which makes the separation of water from crude oil commercially
difficult. In this research it was found the best alternative demulsifier (belongs to the
researchers) from the demulsifiers (unknown chemical formula) that is used in the wet oil
treatment. Which is highly effective and less costly in economic terms of their counterparts.
The crude oil that we made our research is taken from Jamboor field in Iraq. (Specific
gravity = 0.6417) and the water quantity 0.18 ml, if we used organic component Benzene
with demulsifier (special formula belongs to researchers), we will see that the quantity of
water in crude 0il is (0.17 ml).

Emission of carbon dioxide from power plant has direct effect to increase the warm of
earth due to combustion of fossil fuels by power plants. Pressure swing adsorption is an
economic process used to control CO2 emission to atmosphere. In the present study single
column of 1m length and 2.54 cm inside diameter used to study the breakthrough time
curve of CO2/N2 separation using zeolite (13X), carbon molecular sieve (CMS), and
activated carbon (AC). The range of adsorption pressure was (1-3) bar at ambient
temperature and product flowrate of about 0.5 ml/min. The results showed significant
separation of CO2 and low level of CO2 observed in the product line of the adsorber
column. Longtime of breakthrough curve observed by zeolite 13X. Regeneration of Zeolite
13X by heating at 350 Co
for 12houre increased breakthrough time from 70 minutes to 175
minutes. Maximum purity of the CO2 at the vacuum pump product line was 87% and
Zeolite 13X was better than others in spite of steeper mass transfer zone observed by
activated carbon adsorbent.

Explain an all-optical tunable detention in gas laser based on wavelength conversion
wavelength reconversion. The use of stable, calibrated optical reference cavities to
equipping interferometer users with more exactly. Various resonance wavelengths of cavity
were resolved by frequency measurements in a vacuum by use of a gas laser comb followed
by corrections to account for atmospheric pressure and cavity temperature. A purpose of a
new stable cavity is discussed that allows for the longitudinal mode index to be determined
by difference-frequency measurements between the S and P polarized modes. For a wide
range of signal pulse interval (ps to 10 ns), an output signal wavelength and bandwidth that
are the same as that of the input.

Four samples of brain at age 1-7 days postnatally were obtained, fixed by 10% neutral
bufferedformalin immediately after removal from the skull, for 24 hrs. Specimens from
frontal and occipital lobes were taken and immersed in formalin 10% for 48 hrs. and
processed histologically to obtain slides at 6 micrometer thickness and stained with
hematoxylin and eosin (H&E).
The present results clarify that the mean brain measurement from the frontal to occipital
pole was177.0 mm, while the measurements of the frontal and occipital cortices were 2.680
& 2.903 mm respectively.
The histological technique was done to obtain slides for examination under light
microscope. The result indicated that the frontal and occipital region of cerebral cortex
formed by six layers, molecular, external granular, external pyramidal, internal granular,
internal pyramidal and multiform layers.

The paper presents a new configuration of biquad filters using the well known active
element (VDBA) Voltage Differencing Buffered Amplifier. The proposed item contains
properties such as high input impedance terminal and low output impedance terminal
which allow perfect performance in voltage circuit fields. In addition, the circuit is used
without exterior resistor because of the transconductance gain that exists in VDBA. The
proper method to design such a filter is satisfied by using both active and passive elements.
In this paper, two filter applications are designed based on Multi Inputs Single Output
(MISO) filter configuration. The first proposed filter uses two VDBAs and two capacitors.
Whereas, the second fılter contains two VDBAs, two capacitors and one resistor. Both
circuits satisfy the voltage mode (low pass, band pass, high pass, band stop, & all pass)
filters. The low output impedance of biquad filters award more cascadabilities for the
voltage circuit. Moreover, the matching conditions of the conclusive elements are not
needed. The adjustment in the resistance employed by the second biquad filter developed
the quality factor to be as independent natural frequency. The introduced biquad filters are
tested and simulated in LTSPICE simulator to confirm the theoretical concepts. The
simulation results agree with the main theoretical concepts.

In the present work, the Ni-La ferrite chain (NiLaxFe2-xO4) with (x=0.0- 0.2),were synthesized
using sol-gel auto-combustion as a modern chemical methods. Nitrates, citric acid and
ammonia were used in order to get ferrite nano powders at temperature of (200)
oC, which
characterized a higher dispersion and homogeneity with particle size in the range of (20-39)
nm. The dielectric properties are measured using (LCR) meter in the frequency range of (50Hz
–5MHz). Dielectric constant (εr'), the loss tangent ( tanδ ) and the loss factor (εr′′) are
decreases with increasing frequency, while the Conductivity (ζa.c) increases with increasing the
rare earth ion (La) concentration in Ni ferrite.

The idea of the present work was to combine Rock-Eval pyrolysis and palynofacies analysis
in an integrated approach to study 51 source rock cores and cuttings samples collected
from the middle Tithonian- Berriasian Chia Gara Formation, in well K-109, Kirkuk
Oilfield and well Hr-1 drilled in the Hamrin Oilfield, north of Iraq to evaluate
quantitatively and qualitatively the nature of sedimentary organic matter, generation
potential and assess thermal maturity of the studied formation in both wells.
Rock-Eval pyrolysis and palynofacies data indicate that the Chia Gara Formation in well
K-109, Kirkuk Oilfield has kerogen type III/II and II/I and the amorphous organic matter
AOM is dense and amber brown to very dark brown in color assigned to type C and D
which reflects mature to overmature stage (gas-oil prone). On the other hand, the source
rock samples of the Chia Gara Formation encountered in well Hr-1, Hamrin Oilfield has
kerogen type II/III and II/I and the AOM is dense rounded, yellow to yellowish brown
typeD, mature and is oil-gas prone. The regional tectonic movements and thermal history
may cause the diversity in kerogen type and the subtle color variation in the AOM from the
Chia Gara Formation in the Kirkuk Field in the north to Hamrin Field in the south.