Journal of the College of Education for Women

Theprophet said that it anybody burdened any of the people or the book more than they could endure he would ben his opponent until the day of judgment.-under the rightly guided caliphs the Christians had much freedom .this is shown by aletter attributed to ishu-yab III. The Nestorian catholics.-The third caliph,Uthman favoured the Christians either because of the spcial skills or abilities which they possessed or through the imfluence of his Christian wife Na'ila.-Under the early Umayyade,the christiansins the Isalamic umma had as much freedom as they had previously enjoyed under the best of their Christians governments because they restorted their churches and appointed many Christians to the government posts.-From the reign of Abd al-Malik until the downfallof the Umayyad caliphate, the Christians'status deppnded on the attitude of individual governornors and on relation ship of thecaliphate with the Byzantine Empire.-It would appear that generally speaking the caliph Umar II pursued a stronge anti-christian policy.this emerges from both Christians and some muslims sources.

The aim of the study was to identify the causes of bullying behavior among the first grade students from the point of view of the teachers and the methods of modification .. The researchers used the descriptive method and the selection of a random sample of teachers and teachers in the middle of Mesopotamia, (32) teachers and (14) schools. The researchers used the questionnaire as a tool to identify the causes of the behavior of the bullying and the methods of its modification. The results of the research indicated the causes of bullying, which varied (personal reasons, family reasons, reasons related to the school environment, The questionnaire included 45 methods of behavior of bullying school. The questionnaire included methods of modifying the behavior of school bullying in 32 descending order methods according to their weighted mean and percentage weight. In the light of the results of the research, some conclusions were drawn and recommendations and suggestions.

All the specialists agree that there is no criticism without carrying a lingual theory to its space. So there was Suserian lingual effect and later lingual productive transformation which was well-known. This effect has no limitation only for lingual specialists or reviewers but it is extended to include poets and aesthetical also. In this research, we’ll explain the effect of functional linguistics which there were only few who studied it till now. Here we are not only going to explain the functionalist criticism of the poetry, but we will also show Their critical attitude of novel as it was introduced by Roger Fawler. This paper is important because it shed lights on unknown critical study in our Arab culture. No one of the specialists had critically studied or adopted it even though it gives suitable solution to current confuse in many academicals study or between technical and objective critical.(structural/Semitical).Modern critics worked for explaining and applying GerarGenate method and Greemas school which they become the govern critical style rule in Arabic critical point of view. Here the researcher is doing his best to explain and criticize Roger Fawler’s theory so that he tries to open different critical method studies to enrich this study and support his criticism to the current theories generating structural point of viewin critical achievement and rich analytic in ingenuity text. In summary, the extend of lingual criticism, in addition of its expansion in Fawler’s mind, it may give a method that make us to overcome the only known present prevailing methods as Genate which emphasizes on technical side and Greemas which emphasizes ‘thaymatic’ which is the deep single known by style studies in both Arab and global extend. There was emphasize on text language and form, neglecting content. On the other side we can say that there is a method with more flexibility than the methods of speech analysis which had spread strongly later. In addition our critical work needs expansion and studying of different critical directions with interaction so that to be useful and rich, but on the other side this method with its present expansion could be useless if it is misused. It could not be adopted if the student didn’t have good knowledge about functional linguistics to keep on its base and not to be confused among schools which had effected in framing Fawler criticism.

The current study aims to study one Firas Al- Himdani's Romeyat poems (320 – 357 AH), he was one of sham poets in the era of the Abbasid as to know the glories of the knight and Arabic poet, whose message led to preserve the honor of the nation and Islam prestige , along with exposing the better one . His message includes Arabic merits and high values in respect of chivalry , encouragement , sacrifice , forgiveness and tolerance in addition to morality and patience

The aim of the study was to examine the level of psychological pollution among Jordanian unemployed faculty of education graduates in public and private universities. The sample of the study consisted of (413) Jordanian male and female unemployed faculty of education graduatesin 2017. The researcher administrated the psychological pollution scale on the sample of the study, consisting in the final format of (37) items distributing on (4) domains. Validity and reliability for the scale were obtained. The results of the study indicated that level of psychological pollution among Jordanian unemployed faculty of education graduates in public and private universities was high (M=3.48, SD=0.83). The results of the study indicated apparent differences on the total items of the psychological pollution scale among Jordanian unemployed faculty of education graduates in public and private universities due to gender, in favor of males; due to marital status, in favor of singles, while no differences were found due to university and years of unemployment. The results of the study indicated a statistically significant difference (α=0.05) in students means scores on all the scale domains due to gender, in favor of males; due to marital status, in favor of singles, while no statistically significant differences (α=0.05) were found on total psychological pollution scale domains due to university and years of unemployment. The study presented some recommendations.

During his tenure in Iraq, al-Hadjjaj bin Yusif undertook administrative and economic reforms as well as linguistic reform.The efforts exerted by Abu al-Aswad al-Dawali to control the reading of the Holy Quran were not sufficient, so the melody and error continued and became more pronounced, especially since the letters were written until then without any distinguishing features.Al-Hadjjaj bin Yusuf realized the seriousness of the continuation of these errors and what he talked with the days of the causes of division and disagreement between the Muslim community ordered his book to put these suspicious characters marks was at the head of the book Nasr bin Asim and Yehi bin Muammar

The present research aims to identify the social responsibility of the kindergarten teachers of the civil and governmental schools (comparative study)? For the purpose of achieving the objectives of the research, the following formulas were formulated:-Are there statistically significant differences at the level of (0.05) among the kindergarten teachers in the social responsibility scale?The current research was limited to kindergarten teachers (governmental and non-governmental) in the Directorate General of Education Baghdad Rusafa / Second.The main research sample consisted of (100) teachers, (50) teachers from government kindergartens and (50) female kindergarten teachers. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher constructed a social responsibility measure consisting of (40) Ali often, apply to me sometimes, do not apply to). After making the appropriate adjustments in the light of the observations of the experts and arbitrators, and verify the sincerity and stability, and the strength of excellence, and the relationship of the paragraph in the overall degree. The researcher reached the following results:1-The results indicate that kindergarten teachers are generally socially responsible.2. The teachers of state kindergartens are superior to the social responsibility of female kindergarten teachers

The current study was concerned to address these gaps in literature by identifying: first level and type of future visions among the next graduation student, second level and type of future visions among the sample according to gender (Male-Female), thirdlevel of the illegal immigration among the sample, fourth level of the illegal immigration according to gender (Male, Female), and finally the relationship between future visions and illegal immigration. To achieve the aims of the current study, the researchers created a questionnaire for the future visions. The psychometric properties (e.g. face validity, structure validity, and reliability) were tested. Base on the current sample, results showed that the questionnaire had sound psychometric properties. In terms of the illegal immigration, a questionnaire created by Nusairah 2011 was adopted. Two hundred students were recruited. To analyze the data, t-test for one sample, t-test for two samples, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Spearman formula were used. The results of the current study showed that there is: A high level of negative future visions among the sample. No significant differences in future visions between male and female, whereas there is on difference according to specializations. A high level of illegal immigration attitude was found among the sample. Results also showed that there are significant differences in illegal immigration attitudes between male and female, whereas there is no difference according to specializations. The results suugusted that there is a strong relationship between future visions and and illegal immigration attitude.

In a quick reading of the character of Camille Ben Ziad al-Nekhaal-Kufi al-Taabi, one of the most sincere companions of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), he enjoyed great status and status because he was one of the people of his people who lived alongside Imam Ali (peace be upon him) since his tribe migrated from Yemen toKufa To this end, he became loyal during the reign of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), who is also a member of the delegation coming from Kufa to protest against the actions of the Wali of Kufa during the reign of Caliph Uthman ibn Affan. After the death of Caliph Uthman bin Affan, (Peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) (Duaa kamil), one of the most famous and important supplications in Islamic history, and each one of us who hears du'aa 'is heartfelt. The scholars have described it with several descriptions: "He is the bearer of the secret of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) Kamil bin Ziyad's position in the Arab-Islamic heritage lies in the internal events of the Islamic state during the reign of the Caliph Uthman ibn Affan, and the fact that he participated with Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in the Battle of Gamal, Safin and Nahrawan, and knew that he was honest and obedient In his people, and then Imam Ali (peace be upon him) working on the house of Alma As well as his role in the protection of the city of Hit when he was the guardian of it and hence began to address the attempts of Muawiya, which was aimed at controlling the areas under the rule of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), he continued to loyalty and love to the house of the Prophet, (Peace be upon him) after the persecution of his father, the Hajjaj bin Yusuf Al-Thaqafi was killed during the reign of Marwan bin al-Hakam, Kamil bin Ziyad year (82 e) after the request in his request was forced to surrender himself to the pilgrims after his famous saying "I am a great Sheikh has fed "The pilgrims hit his neck and were buried in the back of Kufa in an area called Al-Thawba near Of Najaf.

This research deals with the study of the identity lost in the novel (handcuffs of paper)by Writer (Kuwaiti / Iraqi )Yousif Hadi Mays.This is because of The strange subject presented bythe writer ,Kuwait has chosen a sbace for his novel and chose apurely Kuwaiti theme. Hence the importance of the novel,as it came to the subject of identity completely dntdifferefrom what we wwrote after the fall off the regime (2003),Whichis related to the last coming from outside thecountry,which remained oscillataing between his mother,s identity where language, religionand history and the identity of the other by virtue and dazzling, and integration and here con not belong to either party. This is a violation of the taboos of prevention and the presentation of a topic is the talk of the houras presented the nature of policies based on interests and reconsider the issue of human rights in the light of the changes taking place and rapid developments in the world. The first section deals with the conflict of identities,the second is the struggle of ideologies, then the conclusion and the list of sources.

Perhaps one of the most pillars in building communities, and to achieve consistency between its members, is the volunteer work, he is a humanitarian exercise been closely associated with all the meanings of goodness and righteousness since ancient times, but it differs in size and shape and motivations and trends from one community to another, and from time to time; while at least in the stages of calm and stability, it increases in disasters and calamities and wars times, and perhaps (the popular crowd) is the best proof of that, they answered a call reference, and volunteered to defend their land and their holy places. In terms of form it may be donating money or effort or profession or otherwise, either in terms of the trend may be directed from the state and its institutions, or they may be automatic, but the motives are many: psychological, social, political, religious and otherwise. Through the resources and information that reported them in the writing of this research, I found that there is a difference between voluntary behavior, and volunteer work; behavior is voluntary is a behavior group exercised by the individual and to which they apply volunteer work conditions, which comes in response to an emergency circumstance or humanitarian stance; such as saving a drowning or ambulance wounded, or other humanitarian actions pure. The act is the one who does not come at the emergency things but as a result think and ponder, and faith in humanity ideas Semitic, so that translates into charitable acts, and then can this act turns into a social behavior, which may be more advanced Viusa at the level of multiple institutions and organizations that contribute to the collection social efforts and energies, which makes them an active partner for governments in the field of social development. And even achieved a culture of volunteerism in our Arab societies, Iraqi society in particular, there is a need to revitalize the culture of volunteerism on both theoretical Altoesela, and practical application, otherwise it will not be for the Arabs role in this global field, and our culture in this area will be according to the letter of the culture of the western volunteer, on Although this culture is Islamic, Arab in origin. The advanced level reached by the Western society in the field of volunteer work, despite the fact that some of the motives of charitable and voluntary organizations in the West tainted motives of self-interest or political, but some is due to the level of community awareness of the importance of volunteer work, and it was us rather -shall we -be proactive so; being one of the true teachings of the religion of Islam; therefore it is necessary to guide the community awareness of the need and importance of volunteering in the human resources and energy development, and this can be achieved, including the following: -Raising children sound social upbringing, for the purpose of sacrifice and altruistic values, the spirit of teamwork in the hearts of emerging since childhood. -Containment of academic programs and curricula of various educational institutions, some of the courses that are based on the concepts of collective voluntary work, and its importance, combined with practical programs such as clean-up campaigns, and service environment and so on. -Support institutions or bodies working in the field of voluntary work, materially and morally. To organize training courses for volunteers who are interested in volunteering or by assigning them tasks which volunteer to give them the appropriate skills and experience. -Various media claim more influential role in the definition of what the volunteer work and the need for society to it because of its role in development, and give workers the self-respect and respect for others.-Make volunteering a way to address the behavioral deviation of some of the unemployed. -Use of modern technology in this field in coordination between governmental and non-governmental agencies; to provide social services and the exploitation of human energies.

The relationship between respiratory diseasesand natural geographical variables relative to temperature, relative humidity, wind and solar radiation is a strong one.The environmental factors have impact on increasing the proportion of people with respiratory diseases in the province of Najaf, especially industrial pollution and working conditions as well as the economic level.Ah-Mishkhab was in the first rank in terms of the number of people infected with respiratory diseases reached 135177 and 41%, followed by Najaf governorate which reached its numbers to 77801and 23%. The district of Kufa ranked third with 42051 and 13%, and the other administrative units at fourth and fifth rank respectively. When comparing diseases and recording cases of each disease, it is noted that bronchitis was the first to be followed by chronic bronchitis, acute tonsillitis, pharyngitis and pneumonia. The difference in the causes that led to respiratory diseases in Najaf governorate between the biological, food, and physical causes.

The archaeological and religious sites play a prominent role in the rest of the other tourist activities as cultural and spiritual needs that can not be dispensed with. Archaeological sites represent cultural origins of the nation. Religious sites represent the state of man's orientation to God in places of worship.The focus was on the city of Babylon because it is an ancient city and tourist because of its characteristics and elements. The importance of the city of Babylon is illustrated by highlighting its archeological and religious status through its geographical distribution. This gives the subject special importance for the purpose of knowing the city's important sites. And come out with a number of results and a set of recommendations to overcome the obstacles facing archaeological and religious tourism in the city of Babylon through interviews with tourists and poll their views on these sites. In order to benefit fromthem and to take them in order to improve the reality of these sites, through which a questionnaire was submitted to a group of researchers number (200) researchers, and the purpose of the questionnaire to identify the extent of the impact of archaeological sites and religious to improve the economic situation,The results of the study showed that all the paragraphs in both sites had a significant effect on improving the economic, social and psychological situation of the city's population. The paragraphs scored more than the percentage weight of (66%) and the weighted average (2) With the opinion of tourism economists that the archaeological sites of great importance in attracting the population, and improve the economic situation, and thus improve the psychological factor for them.

The purpose of this research is to identifythe effect of the translation of poetic poem into an artistic picture in the achievement of retention among fifth grade students.In order to verify the research goal, the first two hypotheses were determined. There are no statistically significant differences between the average scores of the experimental group who study (according to the technical picture) ) And the control group (according to the traditional method of art education) at the level of significance (0,05). The second is that there are no statistically significant differences between the average of the experimental group who study (according to the technical picture) and the control group who study (On According to the traditional method in the subject of education) at the level of significance (0,05) in the retention of the test of the post and the third are no significant differences between the average score of the experimental group who study (according to the technical image) at the level of significance (0,05) Tribal and post-test.The research community was determined by the fifth grade students in the Directorate of Education of Karkh II (1770). The sample was chosen from the secondary students of(HalaBintKhuwailid). The number of students in the experimental group for the purpose of equivalence was( 24) students and the control group was( 24) students. The researcher used the(T-test)for two independent samples,the coefficient of difficulty and discrimination, the effectiveness of the alternatives, and the alpha-kronbach equation for the stability of the test and the conclusion of the experiment. For the researcher several results, the most important of the experimental group on the control on the basis of the translation of the poetic poem to a technical image to increase the conservation of students through the involvement of more than a sense in the process of learning, which leads to the consolidation of thislearning and deepening as well as develop their ability to reflect and accuracy of observation and therefore recommended the researcher Using the technical image in the presentation of the educational material, in order to prove its effectiveness in retaining the conservation of the students and suggested the researcher to conduct a study on the role of artistic image in literature for the fourth grade preparatory.

The study included three topics, the definition of the personality of Imam al-Bazazi, his scientific biography, his elders, his writings, his students and his death, selected issues of his weightiness related to purity, and the Imam al-Bazazi is Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibnShihabibn Yusuf, known in al-Kardari al-Hanafi al-Balzazi. The other doctrines, the author relied in his book on the sources of the previous scholars of the Hanafis, and make them the basis in his book, the author did not adopt the definitions of language and terminology, and rarely mention the evidence Shariah adopted by scientists in their opinions, and limited to mention only opinions, In front of the first issue spotlessly water user, and the second issue that sleep lay invalidate ablution, and the third issue was likely Imam passport survey on Turkish Ixodes.

The characteristic of our timeis the tremendous technological progress and the wide use of the Internet. Children have had a large share of this progress.as they are becoming fond of having the technological equipment of tablets and mobile phones which become indispensable for these children cannot do without them .Recently, the phenomenon of using mobile phones and tablets by children has become more widespread, and the society in general and parents, in particular, have ignored the reasons for their health .Despite the many advantages and benefits for children who are well trained to use these devices properly that have enhanced their cognitive and social abilities, there are many disadvantages that could harm children's growth if they are badly using or addicting to those Internet-related tablets. The aim of this study is to detect the negative effects of childhood addiction to tablets, as well as to identify the differences between children in their addiction to tablets according to the gender variable.The researcher has used the analytical descriptive method to form the research sample that consists of (300) children of both sex from the state kindergartens in the city of Baghdad -Karkh where they randomly selected, and the researcher has resorted to interviews with children to collect data .The most important findings of this study: -1. The addiction to tablets affects children greatly and causes them many health, psychological and social problems as its features have begun to appear on the children of our society.2. Females are more prone to using male tablet devices than males, as females have more time to play with these devices because they are limited to playing outside the home, unlike boys who go out to enjoy games that require a longer time out.The researcherhas come out with many recommendations and proposals:1. Parents should limit their children's addiction to tablet devices, trying to keep their children entertained by other recreational activities to reduce the hours they spend on tablet screens.2. Try to disconnect the devices for children from the Internet to avoid a lot of trouble and just download some of the games and videos that are popular for their children and that suit their age.3. Media must have attention to the phenomenon of addiction to the use of tablets and broadcast awareness programs to help reduce this phenomenon and find appropriate solutions.

At the beginning of 1935 theMinistry of (Yasin AL-Hashimi) was formed which was the result of the (Sulayikh)Conference .The new ministys policy was towards the authority of the one party and the exclusivity of power.The policy of (Yasin AL-Hashemi)has faced severe campaigns from the AL-Ekhaa and AL-Ahaly newspapers.The new ministry like its predecessor ministries . When it faces criticism from opposition newspapers .its shutting down newspapers and not accepting requests for them. Some opposition newspapers named Yassin AL-Hashemi (the dictator).Iraqi opposition newspapers have been neglected and deprived of press freedom although they were the main factor in educating the community and representing the public opinion of people . Lt appears that the Iraqi opposition newspapers during the period of the Iraqi monarchy ,despite the policy of neglect and looting of press freedoms were one of the most important reasons to topple successive ministries of the Iraqi state .

The research included four topics: the definition of Imam al-Bazzazi, his scientific life, his sheikhs, his students, his writings, his death, and selected issues of his weight in the book of prayer. The Imam al-Bazazi is the son of Muhammad ibnShihabibn Yusuf. He is known as al-Khardizi al-Khawarizmi. The author did not adopt the definitions of language and terminology, and rarely mention the legal evidence adopted by thescholars in their opinions, and only to mention the views only, and the author, may God have mercy on him in his book on the sources of m The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "The Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) And fall down the order, the third issue, which is to leave the prayer deliberately committed to repentance and the judiciary.

The current research is concerned with the prices of Goods and materials in the Iraqi slang a descriptive, lexicographic , and semantic study expressing the meanings of these names and their positions , as well as expressing the imaginations of Human mind , the popular mind in describing these goods with evaluating them besides the semantic of each word accordingly The current research is divided into two parts , the first part is consisted of Vocalizations" words" That are arisen through cognitive naming that concentrate on the mental imaginations for the most important and sensitive such as colors , taste , shapesand forms impacts of Goods and materials according to users' ' taste for those words , on other hand, the second part of research is concerned with those words that are emerged from the mechanism of expressing naming thst concentrates on a social and psychological evaluation for those goods through the semantic and marginal significance that express the Goods with the semantic points or in according to Guess within the mechanism of Modulated semantic.

A study Andalusia woman in shade society Arabic Islamic conservative on social customs in respect instructions in the different cover and tongue and not reveal beautiful woman because she is development the honor conscience in the society and she is respect not mix with the men about fall what he said the law Islamic and belief that the Andalusian people prince Husham days ago and he entry dependence to the mawta book. But the Andalusia woman was having the freedom and boasting and the greatness and beautiful and not respected factions from Andalusia woman instruction religion fewness commitment in the tradition Arabian and Islamic her promiscuity her promiscuity in the Spanish society that it is different habits and traditions with society Islamic and existence habits the event and parties and phenomenon adorn using cosmetics at Andalusian woman that the almoner and habits appear and caplets conducts like the accord said ((how young on thing young man on him))about that outbreak in Andalusia since reign emirate and challenge honor Islamic as well as with phenomenon maids through the campaigns and forays outbreak markets blacksmiths and the Andalusian society become in conflict with habits and recommendations Islamic and the society breakup between denomination respect the habits and traditions and second denomination remain live fun and affluence and mocking in aesthetics Andalusian woman.

ThepresentstudydealswiththeeffectofteachingspeakingStrategies (SS)on EFLIraqi College students.Theuseofspeakingstrategiesnotonlysolveslearners’communicationproblems,butalsoenhancesthelearner’sinteractionintargetlanguage, and improvestheiroralproficiency.The aim of the study is to find out theeffectofteaching SS used by EFL College students .Thelearner of the first stage is population of the study attheDepartmentofEnglish, CollegeofEducation/Ibn-Rushd.Thesampleconsistsof(60)studentsdistributedonexperimentalgroup(A) as well as controlgroup(B) each group contains(30)students .In order to achievetheaimofthestudy, questionnairehasbeen constructedtobetaughtontheexperimentalgroupanda test.Thequestionnaireand the test have coveredreductionstrategies,achievementstrategies,modified-interactionstrategiesandsocial-interactionstrategies(table1).Thefacevalidityofthetestisprovedbyexposingittoajuryofspecialists.Forreliability,Alpha Cronbach reliability coefficient has been used.Theresultsindicatethatthe SSstrategiesare usefulinimprovingthe students'conversation. Accordingly, recommendation and suggestions for further studies are put forward.

The present research deals with the spatial variance analysis in Jwartadistrict and conducting a comparison on the spatial and seasonal changes of the vegetation cover between r to deduce the relationship between the vegetation density and the areas in orde (2013-2007) C (which are exposed to the risk of water erosion by using Plant Variation Index NDVI coefficient and by using Satellite images of Landsat satellite which are taken in 2/7/2007 and) the programs of remote sensitivity,2013/1/11 Satellite images of Landsat satellite taken in .and the Geographic Information Systems

The study reveals that there is a variance in the density of vegetation cover of the area However, the Satellite images of Landsat satellite show 2013 under study betwee 2007 and that there is a scarcity of vegetation in 2007 in comparison with 2013 where there is a thick vegetation cover. The correlation relationship by using the Pearson coefficient reveals that is a proportional correlation between density of vegetation and rainfall and shows also there that there is a reversal correlation between the land area and the amount of rain falling. ion of low density plant However, this indicates that the years of little rain reflects the distribut and this exposes these areas into risk of erosion whereas the years of heavy rainfall indicat to heavy plant distribution and this will have influence in reducing the amount of lands that may expose to erosion.

Research on geopolitical and geopolitical studies relates to a range of sciences that can be called auxiliary sciences, such as political science, international relations in particular, and history, but their focus is rarely on science and ethnographyThat the issues and problems of the world today has become so large and complex that does not allow a specific field or knowledge to solve one of the need for the newly known knowledge integration (geopolitics and geopolitics) in particular to move towards cognitive integration to understand many of the problems and global issues that faced The importance of this study comes to clarify the relationship between Darwinism, geopolitics and geopolitics. The geopolitics in modern terms did not come from a vacuum, especially the idea of the "vital field" Which had been affected by social Darwinism and had had an impact on the geographical expansion of colonialism and the resulting calamities and wars. The research attempts to reveal the view of Western civilization of these concepts and theories and explain the position of Islam and try to compare the two sides.