Modern Sport

The research aimed to identify the degree of interactive thinking and the performance of the shooting skills of jumping forward and handling over the head with handball for second-year female students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Women/University of Baghdad, as well as identifying the extent to which interactive thinking is related to the performance of the two skills under study among the research sample. The researchers relied on The descriptive approach using the method of correlational relationships on a sample of female students in the second stage of divisions (C and D), numbering (39) students. As for the problem of the research, it emerged through the researchers’ follow-up of the students’ results, especially in the practical aspect. It was found that there are some difficulties faced by the second-year students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Women when learning the shooting skills of jumping forward and handling overhead with handball, despite the attempts and efforts they make. The subject teacher leads them towards better learning. After applying the research tool and analyzing the data statistically, it was found that there is a positive correlation between interactive thinking and the skills of handling from above the head and aiming from jumping forward. Based on these results, the two researchers concluded that the female students enjoy a degree of positive interactive thinking, individually or collectively, between themselves and the teaching staff, and there is also a moral correlation relationship. Between interactive thinking and the aiming skills of jumping forward and handling from above the head, the researchers presented some recommendations, the most important of which is to constantly use the interactive thinking scale to find appropriate solutions and to know the students’ abilities in thinking, innovation and exploration to improve the level of performance. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education).

The study aimed to identify the impact of verbal harassment on the psychological state of female students at Sports Sciences College at the University of Jordan. The researcher used a descriptive approach suitable for the nature of this study. The study population consisted of female undergraduate and postgraduate students at Sports Science College at the University of Jordan, totaling 754 students. A random sample of 92 students was selected, and a questionnaire prepared by the researcher was distributed among them. To process the questionnaire data, the researcher used the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) to obtain arithmetic means, calculate Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient, standard deviations for the items, ranks, classification, and relative importance. The most significant results indicated that 25% of the research sample had been subjected to verbal harassment, and the criteria for judging the questionnaire statements ranged between (4,26-2,30), which are between moderate and high in terms of the psychological impact of verbal harassment on the students. No statistically significant differences were found between undergraduate and postgraduate students as a variable for educational qualification. The researcher recommends conducting social workshops to raise awareness about the risks and effects of verbal harassment and its impact on the psychological state in the local and academic community, implementing and enforcing laws to deter and prevent the spread of this phenomenon without leniency, and conducting studies on forms of verbal and non-verbal harassment and proposing solutions to reduce it.

The advanced level of achievements achieved by developed countries, whether in individual or team sports, was not by chance, but rather came about through scientific studies and research programmed according to modern trends and paths, as well as the result of the effective use of the results of research and studies that have a fundamental role in Developing the athletic level and achieving the best achievements in various sports. Choosing the appropriate training method is one of the factors that is given great importance in sports training. One of these training methods is UPPER IOWER style exercises, which is a system that divides the number of training days into only two days throughout the week. The first part of the training days is to fully exercise the upper part, which includes (back, chest, arms, abdomen), and the second training day is completely for the lower half of the body, which is the legs completely. Sports training leads to changes in physical abilities, so when training their teams, coaches must pay attention to choosing abilities that are consistent with the skill performance requirements of the game, and through the researcher’s contemporaneity with the game, his follow-up of it, and the interviews he conducted with basketball coaches, he noticed that there is a problem related to the training aspect - Physical ability, which lies in the lack of interest of some coaches in focusing on training physical abilities, in a modern style, including the (UPPER IOWER) method, whose performance is consistent with the specificity of the player’s performance in the match, despite the fact that its development has an important and influential role in the performance of skills in general and complex attacking in particular. During the match, which constitutes an obstacle and requires research into it from the researcher’s point of view in order to contribute to improving the level of basketball players and the game at the same time. The research aims to prepare UPPER IOWER-style exercises for basketball players and to identify the effect of UPPER IOWER-style exercises on some physical abilities and some skills. Combined offensive attack for basketball players. The experimental approach was used in a one-group manner, and it was conducted on the players of the Oil Sports Club. Pre- and post-tests were conducted for the research variables, and the training units continued from 1/10/2024 until 3/10/2024. It was concluded that the exercises prepared in the UPPER IOWER style proved their importance and role in the sporting aspect, and that the exercises in the UPPER IOWER style brought about development in some of the physical abilities and complex offensive skills of the players of the Oil Sports Club. The researcher recommends using exercises prepared in the UPPER IOWER style in the Naft Sports Club for basketball and working on developing physical abilities and complex offensive skills because of their effective role in preparing the Naft Sports Club. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health).

The importance of the research included that the ball in the game of soccer is not always stable at ground level, as it changes direction and at different heights, so it requires working on basic skills in various situations, and here came the importance of the wave tool in soccer (soccer wave), because it This characteristic is met during daily training, as well as providing many options for the players and the coach to develop the skills of middle school students. The research problem was identified in the weakness of the students’ skills (handling and suppression) in football, despite their importance and being the most frequent in the game, so he decided The researchers studied this problem by developing special skill exercises using the soccer wave tool. One of the objectives of the research was: preparing special exercises using the soccer wave tool to develop some soccer skills for second-year middle school students. The researchers hypothesized Special exercises have a positive effect in developing some football skills for second-year intermediate students. The researchers used the experimental method by designing two experimental groups with a pre- and post-test. The sample was chosen intentionally, and they are a group of second-year intermediate students. In light of this, it was Reaching the most important conclusions, which are: The special exercises used by the researchers have a positive impact on developing the investigated skills in soccer, and the researchers recommend using the soccer wave tool to make performance close to real playing conditions. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health).

To determine the extent of the effect of skill exercises according to the concentration technique of lateral thinking on motor accuracy and learning the diving stop attack for students in the epee weapon, the two researchers used the experimental method on a sample of third-year students at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Diyala, which amounted to (30) students distributed into two groups, experimental and control. After completing the research procedures, applying the pre-tests, executing the exercises, the post-test, processing the data, and obtaining the results, the focus technique is one of the techniques that is used to develop students’ thinking and is related to knowing when and how to change your focus to improve your creative efforts by employing them in exercises by using means to develop focus and The two researchers reached the most important conclusions: Skill exercises according to the lateral thinking focus technique have a positive effect on motor accuracy and learning the skill of the diving stop attack by fencing for students with epee weapons for the experimental group. The exercises prepared by the two researchers and the method used by the subject teachers had an effective role on the members of the experimental and control groups. Members of both groups excelled in the post-tests, and members of the experimental group excelled over members of the control group in the post-test of motor accuracy and the diving stop attack. The researchers recommend the necessity of using skill exercises based on lateral thinking techniques in learning the rest of the attack and defense skills in fencing. The necessity of using lateral thinking techniques in learning basic skills in other games. Conducting similar research and studies on other materials and games for different age groups and for both genders. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education).

The introduction to the research summarized that the most important science that contributed to the progress of movement in the sports field is biomechanics, as studying movement according to scientific foundations requires knowledge of the laws and mechanical factors affecting the motor performance of sports events. Therefore, those working in the sports field were interested in studying, analyzing, evaluating and developing skills through diagnosing areas of strength and weakness in these skills in order to improve the level of technical performance. The problem with the research is that most players lack full awareness and understanding of how to invest in the relevant mechanical foundations and laws in performing the skill under research, which causes a defect in the smooth flow of the connection between the shooting stages and thus failure in achieving their goal, and since the shooting skill is from jumping high in handball One of the most important basic skills that plays an important role in determining the outcome of the match: It prompted the researcher to analyze the skill and study its details. The aim of the research was to identify the relationship between some bio-kinematic variables and the degree of accuracy of the shooting skill of jumping high with the handball. The descriptive approach was used on a sample chosen in an intentional way, consisting of (10) players from the Army Sports Club. The researcher reached a number of results, the most important of which are: There is a correlation between some of the biomechanical variables under investigation and the accuracy of the shooting skill from jumping high. The results showed that each of the variables of step length, speed, angular velocity of the throwing arm, and angular velocity of the torso have a major role in the accuracy of aiming from jumping high. This is through the contribution percentages of these variables, and the highest contribution percentage was respectively: step time, followed by the angular velocity variable of the throwing arm, stride speed, and angular velocity of the torso in the skill of shooting accuracy from jumping high, and the lowest contribution percentage was of the variable stride length in the skill of shooting accuracy from jumping high. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education).

The research aimed to identify the level of optimism among 5000-meter runners (advanced category), identify the level of motivation for achievement among 5000-meter runners (advanced category), prepare a psychological-guidance program for optimism and motivation for achievement, and identify the impact of the psychological-guidance program. For optimism and motivation to achieve in running (5000) meters (advanced category), the researcher chose the experimental method in the style of the two equal groups (experimental and control), and the researcher identified the research community as Iraqi club players participating in the Iraqi Club Championship (2023) in the (5000) meters event (advanced category) numbering (12) players. After that, the researcher randomly divided the sample into two equal groups, experimental and control, each group consisting of (6) players. The researcher prepared a psychological-guidance program that includes guidance lectures and special videos for the psychological aspect that increase optimism and motivation. for completion, which consisted of (18) guidance lectures, each lecture lasting (30) minutes, delivered to the experimental group before the start of training, for a period of (6) weeks, with (3) lectures per week (Saturday, Monday, and Wednesday). The researcher reached several conclusions, the most important of which is the effect The counseling-psychological program on optimism and motivation for achievement and running (5000) meters (the experimental group), the effect of the program prepared by the coach on optimism and motivation for achievement and running (5000) meters (the control group), and the preference of the counseling-psychological program over the program prepared before. The coach in optimism and motivation to achieve and run (5000) meters. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health).

In this research, the role of artificial intelligence and modern technology in the training process was discussed in a way that serves its goals and benefits from it through good outcomes, as employing technology in fencing training facilitates the training process for the coach and player and contributes to reducing the effort expended and the time spent. The study aimed to identify on the effect of the manufactured device in controlling the distance between the feet in the research sample, the experimental method was used by designing the experimental and control groups. The research sample consisted of female fencing team players in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Women, who numbered (16) players. They were divided into two experimental and control groups, the number of each group (7) female players, and their training was applied three training units per week over a period of two months, i.e. (24) training units. After conducting pre- and post-tests, the two researchers concluded that the device has a positive effect in controlling the distance between the feet. This is what we seek to achieve one of the sustainable development goals, the third goal is good health and well-being, and the fourth goal is good education.

The importance of research in raising the level of thinking, education, and correct scientific application of holds in freestyle wrestling becomes clear after applying the (SWOM) model, which highlighted its level of education for various scientific and sports sciences and helped the learner to correctly apply and perform successfully for the purpose of learning. Thus, we may contribute to producing the wrestling subject lesson in an appropriate and correct manner. The problem of the research lies in: Each educational model has its own educational goals and the type of specialization on which it depends. The SWOM model has been tried in various scientific sciences and even sports, and it has succeeded in raising the level of thinking, addressing problems, and increasing predictions of the level of performance in the future, and this in itself is considered a successful model of performance. The most important objectives of the research were to identify the effect of the SWOM model for thinking skills on learning some freestyle wrestling holds for students. The researcher used the experimental method. The research population was determined for the third stage students in the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the University of Basra, who numbered (140) students representing (6) academic divisions. The sample was chosen intentionally and amounted to (40) students representing two divisions, which constituted a proportion (28.5%) of the total population, and the sample was divided into two groups (control and experimental) so that each group became (20) students. Accordingly, it was concluded that the (SWOM) model for thinking skills is of great importance in learning some freestyle wrestling grips for students. The researcher recommends by adopting the SWOM model for thinking skills in learning some freestyle wrestling holds for students because of its great role and importance in teaching methods. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education).

The two researchers decided to conduct a comparative study of the level of effectiveness of performance for the skills of serving and receiving the serve for players of clubs participating in the Iraqi Premier League in women’s volleyball, using an analytical program for the purpose of revealing strengths and weaknesses, and through the two researchers’ follow-up of the matches of the Iraqi Premier League in volleyball for the advanced category, and also the fact that one of the two researchers was a player in one of the clubs of the Iraqi Premier League in volleyball found that there is a weakness in the level of effectiveness of performance for some technical skills, namely the skills of serving and receiving the serve, as there is a disparity between one club and another, as well as between one player and another. The researchers used the descriptive approach in the style of comparative and analytical study for its suitability to the research problem, while the two researchers identified the research community. The number of teams participating in the Iraqi Premier League in volleyball for the sports season 2021-2022 is 10 clubs, while the research sample was chosen from the teams that qualified for the semi-finals in the Iraqi Premier League in women’s volleyball for the sports season 2021-2022, where the number of clubs qualified was (4), namely ( Akkad Ainkawa, Aphrodite, Sennacherib, Qaraqosh) and thus the percentage of the research sample reached 40%, as the matches were analyzed using the most famous statistical program in the world (Datavolley). The two researchers concluded that significant differences appeared in the level of effectiveness of the skill performance of the serving skill in favor of the clubs (Aphrodite, Qaraqosh, Akkad). Ainkawa) and the absence of significant differences in the level of effectiveness of the performance of the serving skill for the Sennacherib Club, and the emergence of significant differences in the level of effectiveness of the skill performance of the skill of receiving the serve for the benefit of the clubs (Qaraqosh, Aphrodite, and Sennacherib) and the absence of significant differences in the level of effectiveness of the performance of receiving the serve for the Akad Ainkawa Club. The two researchers recommended the necessity of adopting the principle of objective evaluation in each of the various stages of training and in the competition stage by selecting standardized tests and analytical programs for offensive skills to monitor the effectiveness of skill performance, address their fluctuations at appropriate times, and emphasize the development of tactical capabilities due to their close connection with physical and skill capabilities, and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education).

The importance of the research is evident in raising the level of muscular strength endurance in the arms for wheelchair basketball players for the purpose of achieving better results in the match by providing the important and basic physical requirement for this game, in addition to delivering scientific information to basketball coaches about the method of high-repetition training and its role in developing muscular strength endurance. And offensive skill performance in wheelchair basketball. The most important objectives of the research were: identifying the effect of the high-repetition method on developing strength endurance in the arms and some basic wheelchair basketball skills for youth. Research methodology: The researcher used the experimental method with a two-group design (control and experimental) for its suitability in solving the research problem and achieving its objectives. Research community and sample: The research community was determined by the players of the Maysan Sports Team Committee for the Disabled for the sports season (2022-2023) participating in the Iraqi Premier League. Their number reached (15 players) and they are accredited and registered in the list of the Iraqi Central Federation. (5) were excluded due to the difference in the degree of their disability. For this reason, the research sample became (10) players, constituting (66.67%) of the original population, and they were divided randomly (by lottery) into two control and experimental groups. The number of each group was (5) players, and the following was concluded: The high repetition method is important in the process of developing endurance. Arm strength and some basic wheelchair basketball skills for youth. The recommendations were. Adopting the high repetition method is important in the process of developing endurance, strength in the arms and some basic skills in wheelchair basketball for youth. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health).

The importance of the research came from using special exercises in learning the pressing skill for football Tennis, the level of performance of some physical abilities and defensive rules for the research sample. The problem of the research lies in knowing the effect of special exercises in learning the skill of pressing football tennis because of the working muscles during the performance stage and because of the lack of use of modern training aids and tools in learning. After the two researchers reviewed the sources and references, it was proven that there is a problem in the skill of pressing football tennis in terms of motor performance. For the player in which flexibility is the basis, the objectives of the research are to know the effect of special exercises in developing the accuracy of performing the pressing skill in football ternnis. As the two researchers used the one-group experimental method to suit the nature of the research (the problem), the research community was chosen from the juniors of the Dream Football Tennis Academy, numbering (25) players. The sample was chosen from the original community in a random manner, numbering (10) players. The two researchers conducted a The exploratory experiment was conducted on 12/10/2023 (Sunday) at three o’clock in the evening on a sample of (10) players. The two researchers conducted a pre-test on 12/13/2023 for members of the research sample (10 players), the main experiment, and then they conducted the main experiment. On 12/20/2023, corresponding to Wednesday, at three o’clock in the evening, at the Dream Football Tennis Academy, and after confirming the validity of the tests in the exploratory experiment and applying the tests related to the research, the two researchers then applied the exercises related to explosive power for a period of (6) weeks and at a rate of (3) units. Training session per week, and after conducting the main experiment, the two researchers conducted the post-test on 1/25/2024 AD under the same conditions as the pre-test. After obtaining the results, the two researchers processed them through the statistical package, and after analyzing the results, the two researchers reached conclusions, the most important of which is that special exercises for explosive ability It has a positive effect on developing the distinctive leg and thus developing the accuracy of the pressing skill in football tennis. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health).

This study aims to identify the relationship of some motor abilities (agility, flexibility, and speed of motor response) to the accuracy of the preparation skill performance among junior Football Tennis players. The two researchers used the descriptive, correlational approach because it suits the nature of the research and its problem. The research population included (30) players from the Basra Future Football Tennis Academy. The sample was chosen randomly from the original population and numbered (10). The two researchers concluded that there is a strong, positive relationship between motor abilities (agility and flexibility) and speed of motor response. Accurately performing the skill of preparing for football tennis. The problem of the research lies in the motor abilities, especially the agility and flexibility of the muscles working during the performance stage due to the lack of use of modern training aids and tools for development. After examining the sources and references, the two researchers proved that there is a problem in the skill of preparing for football tennis in terms of the motor performance of the player in which the abilities are Movement is the basis. The importance of the research is “Raising the athletic level in all sports depends on raising the player’s level in the motor, mental, and tactical aspects, and then reaching the stage of integration in performance during competition, which is embodied by the player carrying out his individual and collective tactical duties and in various playing situations.” (Ali Ishraq Mahmoud and Muhammad Nour) (15:1) The researchers concluded that both agility and flexibility are important for performing the preparation skill in football tennis. Motor abilities are important in performing all football tennis skills, not just in determining the preparation skill. Flexibility and agility are closely related to the skill of preparing for football tennis and are important in the player’s motor performance. The motor capabilities of flexibility, agility, and motor response are completed when there is development in the player’s performance. The two researchers also recommend emphasizing the development of both agility and flexibility during the training period because of their great importance in developing the player to perform the skill of preparing for football tennis. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health).

Organizational flexibility is “a type of ability to adapt to internal and external environmental changes of the organization.” Organizational flexibility reflects the ability to change direction quickly. Studies and research emphasize the importance of flexibility within the organization, as it is considered an important source for obtaining a competitive advantage and serves as a tool for managing situations. Rapid change and the ability to change conditions within the organization’s environment. Flexibility is considered one of the necessary features in the strategic planning process and a decisive factor for adapting strategic plans to a competitive environment characterized by continuous change. Organization managers must systematically identify, analyze and evaluate variables within the organizational environment and consider flexibility as a basic rule in building Organizations, and by informing the researchers of some references and previous studies related to the subject of the research and the fact that the researchers are one of the female teachers in physical education, the research problem was crystallized in answers to the following questions:
Is there a role for organizational flexibility in the professional creativity of physical education teachers? Is there a correlation between supervisors’ organizational flexibility and physical education teachers’ career creativity? What is the reality of organizational flexibility for supervisors and career creativity for physical education teachers? The research aims to determine the reality of both organizational flexibility and organizational creativity among physical education teachers in the Baghdad education directorates, and to identify the relationship between organizational flexibility and the functional creativity of physical education teachers, and to identify the percentage of the contribution of organizational flexibility to the functional creativity of physical education teachers., So the two researchers wanted Studying the relationship of organizational flexibility and knowing its relationship to functional creativity on a sample of the community of physical education teachers in the Baghdad education directorates. The two researchers used the descriptive method in the relationship style and the sample was chosen intentionally. The two researchers applied the research scale, and the SPSS system was used to obtain the research results. The researchers concluded that organizational flexibility has a role in achieving a good level of job creativity, so the researchers recommend that it is necessary for the Iraqi Ministry of Education to support programs that build and strengthen the foundations of organizational flexibility for them. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education).

This research aims to design exercises using different resistances for 50-meter freestyle swimmers and to investigate the impact of these exercises on arm explosive power, momentum transfer between body parts, motion fluidity, and the 50-meter freestyle swimming performance. The experimental method was adopted, involving both an experimental and a control group, with a sample of 11 swimmers deliberately selected using a comprehensive survey method (100%) from the Iraqi national junior swimming team, specializing in the 50-meter freestyle, and actively training for the 2023-2024 season. The participants, aged 15-17 years, were then divided into experimental and control groups. After determining the tests for the dependent variables, training programs were designed to target the main phase of the 50-meter freestyle swimmers' training unit, focusing on out-of-water exercises over a six-week period with five training sessions per week. A variety of training styles were employed, including plyometric and ballistic methods, utilizing high-intensity interval and repetitive training approaches. Various resistances, such as resistance bands, wooden boxes, medicine balls, dumbbells, and barbells, were used. The movements aimed to simulate the arm strokes in the 50-meter freestyle by focusing on eccentric muscle contractions. After the trial, the results were analyzed using the SPSS software. The conclusions and recommendations highlight that exercises using different resistances are suitable for the Iraqi national junior swimming team and contribute to the development of arm explosive power, improve the kinematic aspects of momentum transfer between body parts, enhance motion fluidity, and reduce the 50-meter freestyle completion time. It is crucial to apply the principle of variation in modern sports training to suit the specific needs of athletes, taking into account individual differences by optimally combining resistance training and methods for improving muscle elasticity, which plays a positive role in enhancing the physical performance and achievement of arm movements for 50-meter freestyle swimmers. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health).