Modern Sport

Through interviews the two researchers had with faculty members of the college and discussions with them, it became evident that there is a weakness in motor skills due to the lack of special exercises aimed at improving motor balance among female students. This has led to a deficiency in the technical performance of this activity. The aim of this research was to develop special exercises and examine their impact on enhancing motor balance and technical performance in the discus throw for female students. Both researchers hypothesized that there would be no statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test scores of the research samples regarding motor balance and technical performance in the discus throw. The research samples consisted of 20 second-year students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls for the academic year 2023-2024, and they were homogeneous. The researchers used questionnaires and tests as tools to achieve the research objectives. They adopted a dynamic balance test involving transitions over markers and a performance evaluation test for the discus throw activity. After conducting the pre-tests, the specially designed exercises were implemented, which varied by using plastic discs, a rotating disc, kettlebells, and hanging ropes. The program was carried out over a period of 8 weeks, comprising 16 educational units. Following this, post-tests were conducted on the research sample, and the researchers employed statistical packages to analyze the results. The researchers concluded that special exercises had a positive impact on both motor balance and technical performance in the discus throw for female students, as evidenced by the significant differences favoring the post-test results. It became clear that the female ..students achieved a better technical performance in the discus throw activity. The researchers recommended the necessity of using educational programs that focus on motor skill variables, including motor balance, within physical and skill preparation programs for female students. This aligns with one of the United Nations\' sustainable development goals in Iraq, which is quality education, to provide students with opportunities to acquire diverse skills through various learning methods.

Fencing is considered a sport that requires a high level of coordination between physical and motor abilities. The importance of the research depends on the details of these abilities and their relationship to practical performance outcomes, in order to focus on them to achieve optimal outcomes. The research problem was the uncertainty about the future development that should occur among the research sample. Therefore, the study was conducted to predict the extent to which certain physical and motor abilities contribute to practical performance outcomes. The researchers aimed to identify and address this problem by answering the following question: Can practical performance outcomes be predicted based on certain physical and motor abilities among the research sample? The study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical and motor abilities and practical performance outcomes among the sample, to find the contribution of these variables to fencing performance results, and to predict practical performance outcomes in fencing based on certain physical and motor abilities in the sample. The research hypotheses indicated statistically significant relationships between the variables under study and practical performance outcomes in the sample. It was found that there is variability in the contribution of the variables to practical performance outcomes in fencing among the sample. The sample consisted of third-year female students from the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Women at the University of Baghdad. The tests under study were conducted, then categorized and statistically analyzed. It was concluded that there is a significant correlation between accuracy and the results of practical performance. The results emphasize the importance of physical and motor abilities in the sports field, along with the implementation of a specialized training program in order to develop these abilities, one of the recommendations is to conduct further studies examining the impact on other sports and different samples, as well as to carry out additional research on the contribution of abilities to various factors in skill level in fencing. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education).

The importance of the research was achieved through practicing cardio exercises, which work to modify cholesterol levels and low-density lipids in the body, in addition to reducing the body mass index in the research sample, represented by women aged 30-35 years. The research problem lies in the fact that high levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) in the blood are among the most prominent risk factors leading to cardiovascular diseases. This health problem is especially important for women, as they face hormonal changes associated with aging and menopause, which affect blood fat levels and increase the likelihood of fatty deposits accumulating in the arteries. Therefore, cardio exercises help adjust cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels in addition to body mass index, thus helping to avoid some diseases associated with these factors. The research aims to prepare a cardio exercise program that suits the research sample's capabilities and identifies its effect on cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and body mass index in the research sample. The researchers used the single-group experimental method. As for the research procedures, the researchers prepared a special list for each individual in the research sample, in which all the information required for the research results was recorded, with specific fields for name, age, weight, and height, in addition to a field for the (LDL) percentage. The researchers prepared a cardio exercise regimen that suited the research sample. The pre-tests were conducted on Thursday, 1/06/2023, which included measuring the cholesterol percentage, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and body mass index (BMI) and recording them in the special list for each individual in the research sample, which was placed within the previously mentioned form. The research variables were measured. Then, the exercise regimen was applied for (12) weeks at a rate of three sessions per week, after which the post-tests were conducted under the same conditions as the pre-tests. On 30/08/2023, the measurements and tests for the research variables were conducted to obtain accurate results. As for the conclusions reached, using cardio exercises for women aged 30-35 years helped reduce cholesterol levels in the body. It also reduced the percentage of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) present in the body. The researchers recommended relying on cardio exercises to reduce cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and body mass index in the body. They also advised periodically monitoring cholesterol levels and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) percentages because their increase can lead to heart and arterial diseases, emphasizing their importance in maintaining health. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health).

The study aimed to develop specialized scales for assessing unconscious conflicts and free will among coaches of selected athletic disciplines and to identify their levels in each coach. Additionally, it sought to design a psychological counselling program to enhance unconscious conflict and free will levels for coaches experiencing lower levels in these areas. The study further examined the impact of the counselling program on unconscious conflicts and free will among these coaches. The researcher hypothesized that there would be statistically significant differences between pre-test and post-test results in measuring unconscious conflicts and free will within the study sample. The study employed an experimental method with a single-group design, selecting a sample of 11 coaches from athletic clubs for the 2023/2024 sports season. This sample was chosen deliberately using a procedural approach, representing 7.7692% of the research population. Additionally, a pilot sample of 6 coaches, accounting for 4.196% of the population, was randomly selected. The remaining 126 coaches, representing 88.112% of the population, were included as the statistical analysis sample for developing the scales. After completing the development of the two scales through methodological procedures and statistical analyses, a total of 12 sessions were organized, implemented at a rate of two sessions per week. This allowed the psychological counselling program to run for six weeks, from 7/1/2024 to 15/2/2024. Upon completion, the results were analyzed using the SPSS software. The findings confirmed that the scales for unconscious conflicts and free will among athletic coaches were both suitable for their intended purpose, based on sound psychometric principles and measurement standards in sports psychology, and were well-suited to the specific needs of the coaches. Additionally, the psychological counselling program was shown to effectively enhance the desired levels of unconscious conflicts and rational free will, aligning with the professional requirements of athletic coaches. It is essential to address and manage the atypical psychological conditions of athletic coaches through targeted counselling, as these psychological challenges can have negative impacts on the athletes they coach. Furthermore, the development of psychological counselling programs aimed at enhancing the desired levels of unconscious conflicts and rational free will among coaches should be grounded in psychometric measurements of these two aspects. Incorporating sports psychology concepts into counselling sessions can yield positive outcomes for the coaches' psychological and emotional well-being. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education).

The importance of this research lies in improving the level of eye-hand coordination, particularly during the crucial stages of pulling and anchoring before shooting, in order to enhance accuracy and subsequently achieve the proper shot toward the target. In this way, we have assisted coaches in guiding athletes toward better performance in achieving sports accomplishments and attaining the required points. The research problem lies in the fact that coordination is one of the essential and fundamental motor abilities for various sports, which contributes to enhancing accuracy. This particular game relies on shooting accuracy after the stages of pulling and anchoring before shooting. Therefore, it requires coordination between eye movements in target identification and the act of shooting. The greater the coordination, the easier it becomes to score points. The main objective of the research was to examine the impact of coordination exercises for string pulling and anchoring movements on the accuracy of different shooting techniques among archers. Based on the findings, it was concluded that coordination exercises during string pulling and anchoring movements are essential and fundamental for enhancing performance, particularly in improving the accuracy of various shooting techniques in archery. It was recommended to adopt coordination exercises during string pulling and anchoring movements, as they are essential and fundamental for improving performance, particularly the accuracy of various shooting techniques among archery players. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education).

The aim of the research is to identify the level of physical abilities among the research sample and to determine the best rest periods based on heart rate indicators (120 beats per minute or 130 beats per minute) for their development and functional indicators, the researcher assumed there are statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test and research sample included players from the Heet Sports Club in volleyball, which is one of the clubs in the Iraqi Premier League for the (2022-2023) season, totaling 16 players. The researcher used the training approach due to its suitability for the nature of the research problem and concluded that the prepared training program was effective and positive according to heart rate indicator (120 bpm). The conclusions included the effect of the level according to the pulse index (120 bpm), showing improvement in pulse level before exertion at complete rest, after 60 seconds, and after 90 seconds was observed. However, the level of improvement in the pulse recovery method (130 bpm) was better than that of the pulse recovery method (120 bpm).The recommendations included adopting an exercise approach based on the two heart rate indicators that the researcher utilized in the training program they will implement in future sports activities. Furthermore, it is essential to conduct physiological tests to calibrate training loads, as they play a significant role in the training process. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health).

The importance of the research: This study aims to design training exercises that vary training volume from different starting positions over various distances, allowing sufficient time for physical recovery between repetitions and sets. Through the researcher's modest experience, a weakness was observed in the ability to reach maximum speed. Periodic laboratory tests, which assist coaches in assessing players' health status and have a direct impact on performance in the 100-meter sprint event, were also highlighted. The experimental program was used in the research procedures, and a sample of elite 100-meter male sprinters in Iraq, consisting of (12) athletes, was tested. The sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group, with (6) athletes in each. The most important finding was that the results demonstrated significant statistical effects of varied training volume exercises on the research variables, with a favorable difference in post-measurements. The researcher recommended that the Iraqi Central Athletics Federation organize training courses and present significant advancements in sports training science and related disciplines through modern studies and research. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health).

The significance of this research emerges from enhancing the skill-based learning level in fencing, with an emphasis on offensive skills in foil fencing, which are considered some of the most difficult skills due to their requirement for precision, high focus, and speed of movement. Accordingly, using the appropriate educational method, such as computer-based learning following the practice and training method, can assist in performing the required movements and consequently improving the learners' proficiency in fencing. The research problem addresses skill performance, particularly offensive maneuvers in fencing, which demand a high level of understanding and focus during execution, as these maneuvers involve speed and precision. This necessitates breaking down the movements electronically via computer and subsequently training on each part through practice. Through this approach, the most challenging parts can be mastered. Based on the researcher’s experience in fencing and teaching methods, it has been observed that the learning level of offensive skills in foil fencing does not meet expectations due to the reliance on traditional teaching methods, which may not achieve the educational goal. Therefore, it has become necessary to adopt modern educational technologies through electronic learning programs that help learners understand the components of the movement and apply them through practice and training, which could correct the educational trajectory for the better in learning offensive skills in foil fencing. The research objectives were to identify the impact of computer-based learning according to the practice and training method in teaching some offensive skills in foil fencing. The research concludes that computer-based learning, according to the practice and training method, holds significant importance both theoretically and practically in teaching some offensive skills in foil fencing. Recommendations of the research strongly emphasize the adoption of computer-based learning, integrating both theoretical and practical training approaches, due to its significant importance in teaching offensive skills in foil fencing. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education).

The objective of the study was to develop two scales: one for psychological well-being and another for competition stress among junior artistic gymnasts. It aimed to assess the level of psychological well-being among these gymnasts, determine the level of competition stress they experience, and explore the role of psychological well-being in reducing competition stress. The hypothesis posited that there is a significant correlation, contribution, and impact of the psychological well-being scale results on the competition stress scale results within the research sample. The descriptive approach using the correlational relationships method was adopted, targeting a sample of junior artistic gymnasts for the 2023/2024 sports season. The sample was naturally distributed across 15 gymnastics centers in Baghdad and other provinces, comprising a total of 146 players who were intentionally selected using a comprehensive census method, achieving a 100% inclusion rate. From this population, 6 players were randomly selected for the pilot sample, representing 4.11% of the original population. Additionally, 75 players were randomly chosen for the scale development sample, accounting for 51.37% of the original population. The remaining 65 players were designated for the primary research application sample, making up 44.521% of the original population. After constructing the two scales, a survey was conducted over a specified period from February 28, 2024, to March 14, 2024, on the main research application participants. The results were then processed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The conclusions indicated that the psychological well-being and competition stress scales for gymnastics are suitable for the purposes for which they were developed and are appropriate for junior artistic gymnasts. These scales adhere to the scientific foundations and criteria necessary for acceptance in the field of sports psychology. The findings revealed that junior artistic gymnasts possess a level of psychological well-being that enables them to reduce competition stress. Moreover, an increase in psychological well-being contributes to a decrease in competition stress, demonstrating a linear, positive correlation and impact. The recommendations emphasized the need for gymnastics coaches to focus on creating an appropriate training environment that enhances psychological well-being due to its significant role in reducing competition stress among junior artistic gymnasts. Regular psychological monitoring of both phenomena studied—psychological well-being and competition stress—is advised through periodic assessments, with the current scales serving as reliable tools for this purpose. Additionally, it is crucial to avoid overburdening gymnasts with excessive training demands, reduce pressure, and prevent fatigue. Efforts should also be directed toward boosting their self-confidence to mitigate the escalation of competition stress among junior artistic gymnasts. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education).

The current research aims to construct a scale for evaluating the administrative performance of the sports activity departments within the general directorates of education in Baghdad Province from the perspective of physical education teachers. Additionally, it seeks to determine the level of administrative performance of these departments from the same perspective. The researchers adopted the descriptive method using a survey approach due to its suitability for the nature and objectives of the study. Selecting the sample is considered one of the crucial stages in research, as it must accurately represent the original population and align with the characteristics of the case under investigation. Therefore, the research population included physical education teachers within the educational directorates of Baghdad, totaling 9,184 individuals across six directorates affiliated with the Ministry of Education: Rusafa I, Rusafa II, Rusafa III, Karkh I, Karkh II, and Karkh III for the academic year 2023-2024. The researchers purposefully selected the sample through comprehensive enumeration by identifying the research population's characteristics. They then proceeded to choose a suitable sample in preparation for applying the study, based on Steven Thompson's formula. Therefore, the researchers selected a sample of 369 teachers, representing 100% of the research population, using the comprehensive enumeration method. Among the key conclusions were that the supervisor should organize regular seminars and meetings with teachers to discuss planned objectives, involve physical education teachers in formulating and designing competition plans, maintain good social relationships with teachers, and avoid displaying any arbitrariness in their work. As for the recommendations, the researchers advise using the study's scales in diagnosing, measuring, and assessing the administrative performance of supervisors and teachers in the sports activity departments. Additionally, they recommend equipping government institutions with all technological tools and modern communication methods to stay updated with the latest developments, thus supporting administrative performance and achieving all targeted objectives. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education).

The advancement of modern assistive technologies, including devices and tools, has made it essential to utilize scientific and technological progress for motion analysis and to assess the performance level of skills and movements. Among these is the paddle stroke, which relies on a two-part performance: one part above the water as an unsubmerged section, and the other part below or in contact with the water as a submerged section. This analysis depends on the body position and performance of the athlete (the rower) using the tool (the paddle). The importance of this study lies in measuring and analyzing variables such as speed, time, and angle to assess the explosive power on the key body joints relied upon by the rower at the moment of take-off to reach the peak of movement. The researcher used the descriptive approach with correlational methods. The research sample was deliberately selected from elite players within the Iraqi national rowing team for 2022, consisting of 5 athletes from a total population of 8, chosen through purposive sampling. The researcher concluded that the values of the biomechanical variables for the total stroke time were significant, as were the biomechanical variables for explosive force in terms of time and stroke length, which were also significant. The relationship between these variables was positive, demonstrating that the explosive stroke time and its length impacted the total stroke time, performance, and fluidity. The researcher recommends placing continuous emphasis on biomechanical variables, given their substantial effect in identifying the strengths and weaknesses of rowers. This is because the foundation of a stroke consists of angles, extensions, and forces applied both in and out of the water. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Quality Education).

The study aimed to identify the role of training programs for visiting supervisors in enhancing the performance of physical education teachers from the perspective of resident supervisors in the schools of Kasbah Amman District. The researcher adopted a descriptive approach to align with the nature of the study, utilizing an electronic questionnaire distributed to resident supervisors in the Kasbah Amman District. The questionnaire focused on two primary domains: classroom management and lesson planning. The study sample consisted of 27 resident supervisors, representing 16% of the total study population of 150 resident supervisors, selected randomly. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was employed to calculate arithmetic means, standard deviations, relative importance, rankings, and classifications of the questionnaire statements. The findings revealed that the training programs for visiting supervisors had a moderate role in improving teachers’ performance in lesson planning, while their impact on classroom management was found to be highly significant. Based on these findings, the researcher recommends expanding training programs to further enhance teaching planning skills through visiting supervisors' interventions with teachers.

The Chia seeds are a herbaceous plant native to southern Mexico and Guatemala. They have many nutritional and medicinal uses because they contain fibers, minerals and vitamins. These components have a significant impact on insulin resistance, which is considered a source of risk for many diseases, most notably type 2 diabetes. High levels of triglycerides. It is considered a source of danger for many diseases, the most important of which is heart disease. This study aims to evaluate the effect of consuming chia seeds on parameters of insulin resistance and triglyceride levels in individuals who suffer from insulin resistance. The study also examines whether there is a difference in the responses of women and men. as well as does the effect of chia seeds differ according to activity? The study included 100 people, 60 men with insulin resistance, 20 of whom walk for at least half an hour daily, and 40 women, 15 of whom walk for at least half an hour daily. They were all directed to take chia seeds for 45 days at a rate of one tablespoon after soaking them in water for a period of no less than an hour. The study showed a clear decrease in the level of insulin resistance in all men, as it decreased by 38.37%, and at a higher rate in men who were active by 41.47%, while the percentage decreased in women to a lesser extent than men, but also showed a decrease by 16.82%, and at a higher rate in women who practice walking by 19.35%. in conclusion The results of this study demonstrate a significant reduction in insulin resistance among both men and women, with a more pronounced effect in individuals who engage in physical activity. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health).

The Importance of the Study: Designing HIIT (High-Intensity Interval Training) Programs to Develop Explosive Power According to Heart Rate Index, Which Requires Physical Performance Adaptation to Achieve High Efficiency in Badminton Players. The study aims to design HIIT programs to develop explosive power based on the heart rate index among badminton players. The research problem arises from the diversity of training methods and their varying impacts, which necessitate physical preparation tailored to the players’ capabilities and physical potential. Through the researcher’s field experience, it was observed that there is a decline in performance levels during gameplay. This prompted the researcher to address this decline and identify the evident weaknesses in muscular strength and the adaptation of the heart rate index, which has not been given its rightful role or significance in training programs designed by coaches using various methods. This inadequacy has resulted in weaknesses and negative effects on performance levels. Therefore, the researcher decided to investigate this issue to achieve positive results. The researcher employed the experimental method using a pretest-posttest design with both experimental and control groups, as it is suitable for the nature of the study. The domain of the study included the human domain, represented by the players of Al-Mahawil Club for the 2024 sports season. The temporal domain extended from Saturday, January 6, 2024, to Saturday, March 9, 2024, while the spatial domain was the sports hall of the aforementioned club. The research population was determined to consist of young badminton players for the 2024 sports season, with a total of 12 players. From this population, the research sample was deliberately selected, consisting of 10 players, representing a percentage of 83.33%. The sample was divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group, with 5 players in each group. Homogeneity and equivalence procedures for the sample were conducted, as shown in Tables 1 and 2. The results of the statistical data analysis for the experimental and control groups in the posttests revealed statistically significant differences in the research variables in favor of the experimental group. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health)

This article investigates the relationship between foot angle and jump stability, focusing on minimizing injury risk. Here are the key points: Importance: Understanding foot angle is crucial for improving jump stability, athletic performance, and reducing jump-related injuries like ankle sprains. Ideal Foot Angle: Research suggests a forward foot angle of around 15 degrees might be ideal for many people during jumps. This angle distributes forces evenly across the foot, lowers the center of gravity, and provides more surface area for pushing off the ground. Factors Affecting Ideal Angle: The optimal angle can vary depending on the type of jump (vertical vs. long jump), fitness level, and personal preference. Incorrect Foot Angles: Landing with a foot angle that is too flat (0 degrees) or too forward (more than 15 degrees) can lead to concentrated forces on specific areas, increasing the risk of injuries like plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendonitis, and stress fractures. Recommendations: Maintain a forward foot angle of around 15 degrees during jumps for better stability and injury prevention. Consider consulting a healthcare professional or sports trainer for personalized advice on foot angle and jump mechanics. The article also explores findings from bird studies on foot advancement angle, but acknowledges these may not directly translate to humans. It emphasizes the importance of consulting professionals for personalized recommendations to optimize jump performance and minimize injury risk. and this achieves one of the sustainable development goals of the United Nations in Iraq which is (Good Health).