Modern Sport

Social confidence is a basic factor to understand the individual behavior of the society that interacts with them in the various fields of life, such as family or job interaction, performing some duties, or performing various activities, including sports. Therefore, the higher the social confidence of the individual, the more it gives the individual a sense of self-esteem which concedes among the positive psychological indicators, the category of people with physical disabilities and what constitutes the category of people with disabilities in our society, especially in Iraq, is increasing every day, whether it is due to accidents or birth, where the importance of the study emerged through the researcher’s quest to search for the nature of mutual social confidence between the normal people and those with physical disabilities, and the extent of their suitability for this category, and to identify the extent to which individuals with physical disabilities, including practitioners and non-practitioners, have sports activities about their sense of self and the impact of mutual social trust in them. As for the research problem, does the category of people with physical disabilities, practitioners and non-practitioners of sports activities, enjoy mutual social confidence. The objectives are to build and apply a scale of mutual social confidence among individuals with physical disabilities who are practitioners and non-practitioners of sports activities, and to prepare and apply a scale for the sense of self among individuals with physical disabilities who are practitioners and non-practitioners of sports activities. The researcher followed the descriptive approach, correlative relationships, and comparative studies for their suitability to the nature of the study. As the research sample included the exploratory experiment sample and included (24) individuals equally distributed by (12) practitioners and non-practitioners, while the construction and preparation sample included a sample consisting of (140) individuals equally distributed by (70) practitioners and two non-practitioners, the application sample included (124) individuals equally distributed, with (62) practitioners, and the same two non-practitioners of sports activities. the procedures are mutual social confidence scale was built and a scale of self-esteem was prepared. The exploratory and main experiment was conducted after correcting the scales and determining them through statistical treatments on the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) to process the data. The conclusions were: The category of people with physical disabilities in Baghdad enjoys mutual social confidence and a good sense of self. And there are differences between the category of people with physical disabilities who practice sports activities from non-practitioners in their enjoyment of mutual social confidence and a sense of self. As for the recommendations, it is necessary to provide real support and good treatment among the various segments of society, especially the category of people with physical disabilities.

The concept of psychological audit is closely related to the learning experience. The successful student is the one who spends all his energy and effort in learning and creates an atmosphere that makes him integrate into the material he is learning without looking at any external sign. On his mastery of the skill of the human wheel for the female students, and the aim of the research is to prepare the psychological flow scale for the female students and to know the relationship between it and the technical performance of the skill of the human wheel for the third stage students. and Sports Science for Girls. The research community included the third stage students, whose number is (104) female students for the academic year 2021-2022 and they represent the total community of the research. As for the research sample, it is tested in a random way by lottery from the four people (A, B, C, D) and the sample numbers amounted to 50 students, which amounted to 48,07,7% of the population. The origin (B) Division was selected, numbering (25) female students and making up 24.03%, and the researchers concluded that there is a significant relationship between the two variables.

The study aims to find standard degrees to measure the accuracy and speed of serve from the top and its relationship to some biokinetic indicators at the moment of hitting the ball. As for the research problem, when the two researchers were briefed on a lot of research, as well as scientific references and personal interviews with specialists and coaches, it was noted that there are few tests that are compatible with the development taking place in the performance of volleyball skills, including the skill of serving from the top, which plays a clear role in deciding the outcome of the match due to its accuracy. The speed of performance, which prompted the two researchers to build a test for the accuracy and speed of transmission from the top, and to study its relationship to some mechanical indicators at the moment of hitting the ball. The research community consisted of (136) players. As for the research sample, the research sample was divided into two parts, namely, the construction sample and the rationing sample. The two researchers reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which was the finding of standard degrees of serve skill from the top, and the researchers came out with these recommendations. The importance of the tests It is used under consideration, where players must be encouraged to develop it to high levels of performance and use the standard and criteria in the evaluation to recognition a state of weakness to avoid it and enhance strengths

The importance of the research lies in identifying the relationship between some physical and harmonic abilities and the accuracy of the long transmission in the light of the players’ physical and harmonic performance in the game of badminton, as it was not addressed in previous research and studies. In the accuracy of their long transmission, so the researchers decided to study the relationship between some physical abilities and harmonic and the accuracy of the long transmission in badminton in the research sample، The two researchers assumed that there is no statistically significant relationship between some physical abilities and harmonic and the accuracy of the long transmission in badminton, and the research sample included the players of the Athory Club for the season 2021-2022, which numbered (5 players). And in the conclusion, the researchers concluded that there is a weakness in the physical and harmonic aspect of the research sample, and accordingly the two researchers emphasized the emphasis on developing training programs that improve the compatibility between the arm and the eye and the leg and the eye.

The importance of classroom management emerges from the importance of the student as the focus and goal of the educational process. Effective classroom management leads to effective teaching in order to achieve educational goals. Therefore, work should be done to overcome the obstacles and problems that hinder the teacher’s work through his management of his class. As for the research problem, the two researchers decided to identify the most important obstacles that physical education teachers face in their classroom management in schools. The two researchers identified the research community by the practical method of physical education teachers for secondary schools in the general directorates of education in the province of Baghdad. The number of (2107), either the research sample represented a percentage of the (18%) research community, so that the most important conclusions were that the problems of classroom management in secondary schools in the province of Baghdad came to a medium degree. As for the most important recommendations, work to reduce the number of students in the classroom and the need for the education directorates to train school teachers on how to motivate students and raise their interest in education and create a positive attitude towards school

The importance of the research lies in benefiting from special exercises to help the use of any training device such as the use of the (Vertimax) device, as these exercises help in developing special endurance according to the development of physical abilities using this device, and from here the research problem emerged that it is important for the player to work on the levers The body to get better performance in the shooting process and to get the best achievement for this activity by using a new training device that puts multiple resistances at the same time on all the muscles working in the performance of this activity, as these exercises can be a complement to the rest of the exercises in influencing the development of the physical side of the shooters Spear and can contribute to the progress of achievement in this game at a high level ,The aim of the research was to identify the effect of exercises on the device (Vertimax) in developing some of the special endurance of the throwing arm and the achievement of javelin throwing for players under 16 years of age. The research hypothesized that there are statistically significant differences between the pre and post tests in the endurance of the arm aiming for the research group. The research sample included the intended intentional method, and the sample was the original research community of (6) javelin throwers and their ages were under 16 years old. In conclusion, the two researchers concluded that there was a significant development in the endurance levels of the aiming arm as a result of training on the Vertimax device. The two researchers recommended the necessity of using devices and auxiliary tools in the training process, such as the Vertimax device, and emphasizing the use of modern techniques that would reflect real indicators and standards for strength variables, which give an indication of the level of development in training

The aim of the research is to use the Intustel model, and to identify the effect of the Intustel model in learning the skill of sending and receiving the balls that have been sent in volleyball (2020-2021). The research sample consisted of (20) female students who were chosen randomly by lottery from the two divisions (B-D), and the sample was divided into two experimental and control groups with (10) students for each group and a percentage (33, 10) of the original community, and the implementation period lasted The educational program (16) weeks and by (1) one educational unit per week, and after implementing the educational program, the two researchers reached a conclusion Several conclusions, the most important of which is that the use of the Intusel model has a positive role in the learning units over a period of (16) weeks and regularly is effective in teaching my skills of sending and receiving the balls that have been sent in volleyball, and the researchers recommended the need to use models in the educational process, including the Intustel model to identify the level of learning Basic skills in volleyball, because of their effectiveness in improving the performance of the of sending and receiving the balls that have been sent in volleyball

The research aims to prepare an educational program according to the cognitive acceleration strategy to reduce cognitive failure and develop some motor sentences in the blind weapon for students, prepare the cognitive failure scale for students, and identify the impact of the educational program according to the cognitive acceleration strategy in reducing cognitive failure and developing some motor sentences in the weapon Blinds for students, and the two researchers followed the experimental approach by designing two equal groups with pre and post tests, and the research community was determined by students of the third stage, College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences - University of Kufa for the academic year 2021-2022, and their number is (66) students, and the sample was chosen randomly and its number was (20). A student prepared the cognitive failure scale with its (25) paragraphs with five answer alternatives, and three kinetic sentences were chosen, and the scale and kinetic sentences tests were applied to the sample in the pre and post tests, and the educational program was prepared according to the cognitive acceleration strategy for the members of the experimental group and included (12) An educational unit, with a duration of (12) weeks , Each week one unit and the time of each educational unit was (90) minutes, and the educational curriculum was applied in the main part in its educational and applied divisions and relied on the statistical program (spss) to extract the results. The research came out with a set of conclusions, including: 1- The steps that are followed according to the strategy Cognitive acceleration had a distinctive role in adding knowledge and providing an educational environment for the learner, which made him progress in the level of performance of motor sentences using the shutters weapon. The research came out with a set of recommendations, including: 1- The necessity of paying attention to the use of strategies that make the learner a main focus in the educational process.

The research aims to identify the effect of special exercises to develop explosive power and strength characteristic of speed and anaerobic endurance for football players, and the researchers used the experimental method using tribal and dimensional measurement for two groups, one experimental and the other control, and the research sample was deliberately chosen from the 16 players in the Spanish Academy of Spaniol in Iraq. The physical tests were used as means and tools for data collection, and one of the most important results is that the vocabulary of the implementation of the exercises implemented contributed to the effectiveness of the implementation of the exercises by the players and their continuous commitment over the length of the experiment, which had a positive impact on the explosive power and distinctive speed and anaerobic endurance of the subject of research among the members of the research sample and the experimental group They recommended that they continue to include in their training programs some special exercises for their benefit.

The importance of the research lies in knowing the study of the personality traits of physical education teachers towards integrating people with special needs physically, as well as the aim of the research to prepare a scale of personality traits for physical education teachers in secondary schools in Baghdad, and to identify the degree of personal traits for teachers of physical education in secondary schools in Baghdad, and also Classification of the sample members according to personal traits, and in order to measure the study variable (the psychological characteristics of physical education teachers towards integrating people with special needs (physically), the required scale was built according to the steps and procedures for building scales, and then the exploratory experiment was conducted and the scale was distributed to the members of the research sample After collecting the data and processing it statistically, it was concluded that the development of scientific research tools concerned with measuring the personality traits of physical education teachers towards integrating people with special needs (physically), as well as the results showed that the research sample is characterized by a high above-average level of personality traits for physical education teachers towards integrating people with special needs ( physically) and the researchers recommend to the need to develop and develop personal traits because of their positive impact on understanding and self-awareness For teachers of physical education and the development of the individual's personality through positive appreciation, and the need to conduct studies that include psychological, social and mental variables with other variables.

Through viewing, direct petition and sports, the two researchers noticed that there is a reluctance to some of the necessary measures and needs that the institution must take, as well as the negatives and obstacles that accompany a law for the law of athletes, champions and pioneers. Their dear country, and it is our duty to respond, even in a small part, to them, and accordingly, this study attempts to address a real problem facing the Law of Athletes, Champions and Pioneers. and pioneers. To achieve the objectives of the research, the two researchers used the descriptive approach in the survey method to suit the nature of the problem. And the heroes and pioneers who showed their cooperation in the implementation of the experiment, and in appreciation of the effort expended in achieving objective results, in addition to that the two researchers took into account the scientific conditions for selecting the sample, as it was divided into (the exploratory experiment sample, the construction sample, the legalization sample) and then they built the questionnaire for the problems and negatives as they extracted Health scientific basis for obtaining a scale consisting of (6) Areas and (56) phrases and then used the appropriate statistical means to obtain the results, as the researchers reached several conclusions, including: The possibility of reaching the construction of a scale of obstacles and negatives The actual application of the Law of Athletes, Champions and Pioneers that the Law of Athletes, Champions and Pioneers have many obstacles and negatives according to the studied areas as they recommended the following The necessity to identify these problems and obstacles and work to overcome them so that the pioneer or sports champion can get his dues.The necessity of conducting other studies dealing with the amendment of the law on the law of athletes, champions and pioneers

The stick jumping activity is one of the distinguished activities in athletics, and it requires physical abilities and special kinetic abilities that depend effectively and influential on the biomechanical aspects, whether during the approximate run or the stage of ascension to reach the achievement. The importance of the study is highlighted by tracing the kinetic path of the jumper through the analysis of some biomechanical indicators for the stages of approach and advancement, which are considered among the most important technical stages affecting the final achievement of the Iraqi national team stick jumpers. The problem of the study centered on moving away from digital values between Iraqi jumpers and global jumpers and neglecting the biomechanical aspect of the most difficult activity in athletics activities by not using kinetic analysis and identifying weaknesses with high accuracy in a quick activity that does not exceed two and a half seconds of trying time in addition to the lack of interest before The trainers have the characteristics of the biomechanical indicators values affecting each other to direct their training in developing the most important indicators directly without wasting time and effort. The aim of the study is to identify the most important biomechanical indicators of the approach phase, which is the speed of the last three steps, the number of approximate jogging steps, and the relationship between these two variables with maximum stick twist and achievement for the Iraqi national team stick jumpers. The two researchers used the descriptive approach and correlational relationships in their current study to suit the nature of the study problem. The study population consisted of (6) jumpers representing the Iraqi national team. They were taken in a deliberate way and the test was conducted on them at the Najaf International Stadium. Two cameras were used to analyze the type (CASIO Exilim EX-FH12.5) At a speed of 120 frames per second, the kinetic analysis process was carried out using the Tracker and Kenova analysis programs, as the Tracker program was used to measure the distances, displacements and heights achieved and The Kenova program was used to measure the speed, acceleration and times achieved for the study sample. After analyzing and discussing the results, the two researchers concluded that there is a very strong correlation between the speed of the last three steps with maximum torsion of the stick and achievement, and there is no correlation between the number of steps of the approach run with the maximum torsion of the stick And there is an inverse correlation between the number of approximate running steps with achievement, and in light of this, the researchers recommend conducting extensive studies for this activity to diagnose strengths and weaknesses in technical performance, paying attention to the biomechanical aspect by trainers and emphasizing the speed of performance.

It is important to study history as it provides us with solutions to contemporary problems in the light of past experiences, and to study the negatives and positives of these solutions, and based on the principle that people with visual disabilities are a human energy that must be invested in order to serve the progress and prosperity of society, it is important to shed light on this category and contribute to conveying an honorable image of it. it may be a motive for others who were stopped by the extinguishing of the ray of light and insight from completing their lives for a spark of hope that would restore their passion for life, and the study aims to: Document the emergence of goalball for the blind Iraqi Paralympic Games, and document the formation of players and the administrative and technical staff of the Iraqi national team goal ball for the blind men advanced in the Asian championships For the period (2014-2022), documenting the participation and achievements of the Iraqi team with the blind men’s goalball advanced in the Asian championships for the period (2014-2022), and critiquing and analyzing the participation and achievements of the Iraqi team with the blind men’s goalball advanced in the Asian championships for the period (2014-2022), and identifying. The most important reasons and obstacles that prevented the Iraqi team from achieving advanced results in the Asian championships with the goal ball for the blind men. The two researchers adopted the historical inferential approach, based on the results obtained for the participation of the goal football team for the blind men, the advanced category in the Asian championships for the period from 2014 AD until 2022 AD, in order to fit this approach and the objectives of the study. The target is for the blind men, the advanced category, and a number of coaches and administrators in the Iraqi Federation for the Blind Goal for the Blind. The two researchers reviewed a number of scientific references in the field of the history of physical education, sports for people with disabilities and visual impairment, as well as studies and research related to writing the theoretical framework for the study, in addition to newspapers and magazines. IBSA and the Paralympic Federation for West Asia WAPF, in addition to that, personal interviews were relied on with the players participating in the Asian Championships for the period (2014-2022), and a number of federation administrators according to an unregulated questionnaire, prepared by the two researchers aimed at organizing and classifying questions in a scientific manner. To get acquainted with the information related to the problem of the study, as well as to identify the most important reasons and obstacles that prevented the achievement of advanced results in some of the specific Asian championships under study. The researchers concluded in the light of the results obtained from the study: that the participation of the advanced men’s goal soccer team in the Asian regional tournaments is at the required level, since competition with teams that have a long history in this sport with better capabilities, and that the participation of the advanced men’s goal soccer team has achieved a high achievement. The team won gold and silver medals in the three West Asian tournaments, because the team’s players had experience in competing at the level of the teams participating in this tournament, and the availability of logistical aspects represented by the support, capabilities and efforts made by the players of the goal soccer team for the blind men, the advanced category and the device Administrative and technical, as well as the appropriate choice in time and place, the involvement of the team's players in the internal and external camps, all of this contributed to achieving advanced positions and high achievement. In light of the findings of the two researchers, the most important recommendations came: the need to analyze and critique the participation and achievements of teams with visual disabilities in various sports, an analysis based on the scientific methodology, because any development we seek in any field, we must Standing on the most important positives and trying to make a greater effort, and the failure to achieve the advanced and required level, calls us to identify the most important obstacles and reasons that prevented the achievement of the required level and high achievement, and then try to find appropriate solutions to them, and the need to increase interest in the sport of people with visual disabilities, as they are They consider a creative human energy that contributes to the progress and prosperity of society, the need to pay attention to historical studies of various events and periods of time, as they help us in setting strategic plans and predicting the future, and striving to provide all the requirements of modern training halls, equipment and tools, which contribute to raising the level of training for the blind goal ball to highest possible.

Childhood is a subject of interest in educational, psychological and social studies because of the rapid changes that occur and the important nature and reflection of the experiences that are provided to the child and the subsequent stages of development. The children of the autism spectrum were extinguished for research. The importance of research was to identify the impact of animation on the cognitive and physical abilities of the research sample. The researchers prepared animated disks for the development of cognitive-motor abilities, as well as physical abilities, and then prepared and implemented educational modules according to the animation and then to determine the extent of their impact on children. 13 children of the autism spectrum aged 6-7 years, 3 children were withdrawn for the reconnaissance experiment and 5 children for the pilot group 5 for the control group at the Al-Nahal Institute in Baghdad. The results were statistically processed through the statistical system. After collecting, analyzing and discussing the findings, the researcher came to the conclusion that the findings that the educational units prepared by the two researchers using animation have a positive impact on the development of the cognitive-motor capabilities of children of the autism spectrum as well as have a positive impact on the development of some physical abilities of children of the autism spectrum.

That the process of learning continues to proceed in the same traditional way that educated women are not a central focus of the process of learning, causing the emergence of boredom and low willingness of female learners to learn for lack of motivation. Because basic basketball skills such as pectoral handling and plumbing with change of direction and peaceful correction are important skills in the game, this study was conducted with the aim of developing an educational curriculum based on the constructive learning model and recognizing its impact on some basic offensive skills. The most important assumptions of the research were that there was a moral difference of statistically D between the tribal and remote test results of both control and experimental groups, The experimental curriculum was used to design the two groups equal in number, and the research sample was a group of female students of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls - University of Baghdad, The scientific context has been followed in achieving field research procedures and identifying appropriate statistical means. After addressing the findings, the two researchers reached conclusions that were important for the positive impact of the constructive learning model in learning basic offensive skills in basketball for female students. The most important recommendations were to take into account the results of this study and to use this model in the learning process of .the selected skills