Modern Sport

The sport of fencing is one of the well-known Olympic sports in the field of individual games, due to the fact that this sport has many characteristics and capabilities, whether physical or kinetic, and in order for the fencer’s movements to be on a high degree of consistency and mechanism, we had to highlight basic motor capabilities that play a major role in catarrh was the movement speed of the armed arm, which is based mainly on the ability of the fencer and his mastery of coordination between the armed arm and controlling the distance simultaneously with the movement of the front and back feet and merging them into one frame between the armed arm and the goal of the competitor. The two researchers noticed that the sport of fencing requires high capabilities. And great efforts must be available in the swordsman to enable him to achieve victory over the opponent through the player’s enjoyment of movement capabilities that perform in one coordination to generate high vision and a great ability to focus accurately on the opponent’s goal, and because the skills of the foil weapon, offensive and defensive, require great ability and coordination to reach the goal with ease and comfort. The two researchers studied the relationship between the motor speed of the armed arm and some skills of the foil weapon. The study aimed to identify the kinetic speed of the armed arm of the female players of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls, University of Baghdad, and to identify some of the skills of the foil weapon (circular attack, counter-attack, horizontal defense). The female players of the national team and the identification of the relationship between the motor speed of the armed arm and some of the skills of the foil weapon among female players of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences for Girls for the sports season (2022/2023) and the number of (10) players. As for the conclusion that there is a significant correlation between the speed of the motor response of the armed arm and some of the skills of the foil weapon (circular attack, counter-attack, horizontal defense), the two researchers recommend building a basic base of capabilities, whether physical, kinetic or skill

Educational institutions face challenges and pressures due to the rapid progress in the scientific and technical fields, which is a feature of our time, which made the director of the institution search for modern methods and new methods of management to lead and manage the institution, including servant leadership. It has an impact on the outcomes of the educational process. As for the problem of the research, it became apparent after the two researchers directed a questionnaire to a number of teachers of physical education in order to know the reasons that hinder sports activities. Increasing sports activities, so the two researchers wanted to know the reality of the servant leadership of school principals from the point of view of teachers of physical education, and the aim of the current research is: to identify the statistical description of servant leadership of secondary school principals from the point of view of physical education teachers. The two researchers used the descriptive approach in the manner of surveys, correlational studies, and predictive studies due to its suitability to the nature of the problem, and the research sample consisted of (102) male and female teachers. And (46) paragraphs, and the two researchers applied the scale with the help of the assistant work team, and the two researchers concluded that secondary school principals outperform school principals in the servant leadership style. others and vision) and in varying proportions. It was also concluded that the principals of secondary schools possess the style of servant leadership. The two researchers recommended the need to pay attention to the establishment of administrative courses for school principals to develop the style of servant leadership and conduct similar studies dealing with principals of secondary schools. They also recommended conducting a study to find out the relationship of servant leadership with other variables such as administrative intelligence and decision-making

The introduction of the research concluded that adhering to the results of kinetic analysis and implementing them practically in training leads to the improvement of human performance and constructing a philosophy specifically for developing kinematic aspects based on mechanical performance evaluation. This helps in identifying the areas of strength and weakness, and working on their development through achieving correct kinematic conditions, this type of shooting, which is shooting from a forward jump, requires a clear physical effort from the players during the competition. Mastering this type of shooting for long periods throughout the duration of the race is what tips the scale of success and victory in the competition through the number of well-executed goals that enter the goal of the opposing team in the matches. The problem of the research lies in the lack of information that definitively determines the most important bio kinematic variables that have the most impact on accuracy, which confuses the work of both the coach and the players. Consequently, reaching a correct performance that corresponds to and matches the optimal performance of this skill will raise the level of our players skilfully. The aim is to provide and equip all players and coaches with sufficient information that makes the shooting process, especially the skill of shooting from a forward jump and its biomechanical variables, within understanding, in order to reach the best achievements to keep pace with other teams, and this is what we all seek; therefore, the researchers considered the relationship between the push force and some bio kinematic variables in the skill of shooting from a forward jump in handball. The aim of the research is to identify the degree of push force in the steps of the shooting skill from a forward jump, the accuracy degree of the shooting skill from a forward jump, the differences in push force for the steps of shooting from a forward jump, and the relationship between the push force at the moment of rising, some bio kinematic variables, and the accuracy of shooting from a forward jump. The research hypothesized the existence of a significant correlation between the push force and some bio kinematic variables in the skill of shooting from a forward jump in handball. The descriptive method was used on a purposely selected sample of (10) players from Al-Karkh Sports Club. The researchers reached a number of conclusions, the most important of which was: the largest amount of push force was for the last step preceding the scoring. This confirms the increase in force and the smoothness of its transfer to the last step, then its transfer through the body parts, and then to the tool (the ball). The purpose of the high push is to reach the highest point for the purpose of shooting with power and accuracy, each variable of push force and the variables (contact time, flight time, height of the body's centre of mass, and foot strike) plays a major role in the accuracy of shooting skill from the forward jump. The researchers concluded with these recommendations: it's essential that coaches pay attention to the variables of push force, flight time, contact time, height of the body's centre of mass, and foot strike) due to their effective contribution to skill performance, along with explaining how to utilize them to achieve optimal performance

The significance of the research lies in identifying the level of administrative strength that sports and school activities managers possess, and its contribution rate in achieving functional creativity. It also aims to understand the functional creativity that these managers possess, its importance for technical supervisors, the academic role they play, and providing a model of leadership in sports activities directorates. The research problem was focused through the researchers' review of some references and previous studies related to the research topic. They recently noticed a decline in the performance of sports and school activities departments, and their work is no longer as effective and influential as it used to be in overall sports activities and events, and in highlighting the impact of school sports, which is considered the mother and origin of the Iraqi sports movement. Therefore, the researchers decided to study the administrative strength of sports activity managers, who possess decision-making abilities in managing sports and school activities and their leadership role in creating functional creativity, which leads to avoiding problems in order to preserve and develop sports activities. Their efforts are evaluated through the opinions of technical supervisors, and administrative strength, due to its impact on increasing functional creativity in sports and school activities, thus the ability to face the challenges of the era and its crises, and to maintain sports and school activities. The researchers aimed to build and standardize a measure of administrative strength for the managers of sports and school activities departments in the general directorates of education in Baghdad from the perspective of technical supervisors. They also aimed to build and standardize a measure of functional creativity for the managers of sports and school activities departments from the perspective of technical supervisors, as well as to identify the degree of administrative strength and functional creativity among the managers of sports and school activities departments from the perspective of technical supervisors. The researchers used the descriptive method along with a survey method to identify the technical supervisors in sports activities (Directorates of Sports Activities in Baghdad). They defined the research population as the technical supervisors in sports activities from (the Directorates of Sports Activities in Baghdad), using obtained statistics. There are (180) supervisors distributed across (6) directorates in the province of Baghdad. The construction sample consisted of (180) supervisors, representing (80%) of the original population. The researchers recommended utilizing the administrative strength scale, which they constructed and applied to reveal the administrative strength of the directors of the sports and school activities departments. As well as, they suggested using the functional creativity scale, which they constructed and implemented to uncover the functional creativity of the directors of the sports and school activities departments.

The importance of the research lies in identifying the level of cultural diversity enjoyed by secondary school principals and its importance to physical education teachers and their effective and basic role in the school environment and the role of the school principal in creating an atmosphere of creativity, distinction and love of cooperation between teachers in secondary schools. Some references and previous studies related to the subject of the research have recently noticed a decline in the performance of physical education teachers and in curricular and extra-curricular sports activities by following up on sports activities in schools, because one of the researchers is a specialized supervisor in the Ministry of Education, and their work is no longer as active and influential in the totality of sports activities and events and highlighting the impact of school sports, so the two researchers decided to study the cultural diversity of secondary school principals who enjoy their administrative decisions in managing sports and school activities and their role in understanding cultural diversity that leads to avoiding problems in order to maintain the development of sports activities and evaluate the efforts of physical education teachers in a correct way, there is no doubt that paying attention to the concept of cultural diversity in institutions is a necessary requirement in light of the trend towards adopting modern administrative concepts, and bypassing all methods that adopt orders and traditional management, and whenever that would cause discrimination between teachers and a violation of work ethics such as lack of justice in management or the bias and inclinations of some workers at the expense of others with different cultures. Cultural diversity leads to an increase in the functional creativity of physical education teachers, and thus the ability to face the challenges and crises of the era and to preserve sports activities and their effective role in the educational environment. The two researchers aimed to build a measure of cultural diversity for physical education teachers in secondary schools from the point of view of teachers of physical education, as well as identifying the measure of cultural diversity among secondary school principals from the point of view of teachers of physical education, The two researchers used the descriptive method in the survey method in building a measure of the cultural diversity of school principals and identifying the research community, who are teachers of physical education in (General Directorates of Baghdad Al-Karkh Governorate (1,2,3), through a statistic obtained of (998) teachers distributed among (3) directorates in the province of Baghdad, and the sample was selected in a simple random way, as the building sample amounted to (400 teachers) with a rate of (40.08%) from the total community, while the application sample amounted to (400 teachers) with a rate of (40.08%) ) from the whole society, and for the purpose of determining the areas of the (cultural diversity) scale, the two researchers read many previous literature and references related to the subject of the research (sports management), and after presenting them to experts and specialists, the number of areas became (5) for the measure of cultural diversity, namely (1- Values cultural, 2- work challenges, 3- social normalization, 4- outstanding performance, 5- organizational experiences), and (35) paragraphs were formulated to measure the degree of cultural diversity for secondary school principals distributed over 7 paragraphs for each field, and after completing the building procedures and foundations, the results were classified and treated statistically, then the results were presented and discussed in a scientific manner based on the scientific sources of the research, and through this we reached the achievement of the research objectives, and the two researchers concluded: The sample members are characterized by a degree of cultural diversity. This indicates that interest in the concept of cultural diversity in educational and non-educational institutions is a necessary prerequisite for achieving success in them. The two researchers recommended: making use of the cultural diversity scale, which the researchers built and applied to detect the cultural diversity of secondary school principals, and the development of awareness among school principals of the value of diversity and cultural difference and its importance as a factor of strength and added value, as it is well employed and built on it.

The countries of the world tended to harness all capabilities, expertise and science in order to reach advanced levels in various sports. Sports training aims to prepare the players well. The research problem lies through the field experience of the two researchers and the follow-up of the training of the players of the specialized school of handball. It was noticed that there is a clear weakness in the skillful performance and must Developing weaknesses to achieve a better level of achievement. The research aims to prepare exercises for using the optical defender device for handball players and to identify the effect of special exercises using the optical defender device designed to develop some physical abilities and complex skill performance for handball players. 14 players aged 14-17 years, and physical and skill tests were used to collect research data. Among the most important results: - The exercises prepared using the optical defender device have a positive effect in developing the complex skill performance of the handball players. The use of modern devices in handball skills training. The prepared exercises have an effect Positive in developing the physical abilities under discussion. The two researchers recommend the use of the optical defender device in developing basic skills in handball, the use of modern devices in the process of sports training.

The mobile correspondent strategy is considered one of the strategies that achieve the greatest possible benefit for students in their academic achievement, encouragement and excitement, making them collaborative and productive within groups. The importance of the article lies in exploring the mobile correspondent strategy and its impact on social-psychological adjustment in the skill of volleyball serving. The problem addressed in the article is the lack of alignment and focus in implementing educational units among students, which leads to weakened learning. The article aims to explore the impact of the mobile correspondent strategy on social-psychological adjustment and learning the skill of volleyball serving among preparatory stage students. Which will be accomplished by developing a scale of social-psychological adjustment for preparatory stage students and preparing educational units using the mobile correspondent strategy for teaching the skill of volleyball serving to preparatory stage students. The researchers adopted the experimental method with an experimental and control group design for the two equivalent groups. The research population consists of preparatory stage students from 14th of July School and Al-Maimon Preparatory School for Boys attending the morning shift during the academic year (2021-2022), with a total of (177) students. They were divided into a sample of (15) students for the exploratory sample and (32) students for the main experimental sample, divided into two groups, as for the sample numbers was (100) students, and the remaining participants were excluded. The researchers developed the social-psychological adjustment scale through sequential methodological steps and conducted statistical analysis to make it suitable for the research sample. Afterward, they developed an instructional approach to be implemented in the sports arena at a rate of one instructional unit per week, with a total of (7) educational units. After completing the development of the scale, the researchers verified the results using the statistical package (SPSS), and the conclusions drawn were that the social-psychological adjustment scale is a valid tool for measuring preparatory stage students, meeting scientific criteria. The researchers recommended the implementation of the mobile correspondent strategy in teaching volleyball, as it helps students improve their social-psychological adjustment, excel, and enhance their performance compared to students who are taught using the traditional method by the subject teacher.

The research aims to identify an administrative excellence of the colleges of physical education and sports science in Baghdad from the perspective of faculty members. It also seeks to identify the relationship between excellence and the creative abilities of faculty members in the colleges of physical education and sports science in Baghdad. Our research problem focuses on the interconnection of relationships that we can benefit from in order to create a work environment saturated with creative and outstanding individuals. To address this problem, we will review relevant literature related to these variables. The descriptive approach was adopted in the manner of correlations method, using a purposive sample of (130) instructors from the colleges of physical education and sports sciences in Baghdad, specifically from the University of Baghdad (College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences) and Al-Mustansiriya University (College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences). The sample consists of instructors with various ranks and sports specializations, both male and female, for the academic year (2022/2023), and the two research tools were applied to them using the descriptive method in the manner of correlations method, and through the results of the clear administrative excellence in the academic work environment within the colleges of physical education and sports sciences. The faculty members of the colleges of physical education and sports sciences in Baghdad possess creative abilities that help them achieve the institution's goals at an average level according to the current circumstances. A positive relationship has emerged between the variables of administrative excellence and creative abilities, indicating that administrative excellence is directly and necessarily influenced by creative abilities for the development of excellence among faculty members in the colleges of physical education and sports sciences in Baghdad. It is essential to rely on teaching staff who exhibit clear and high levels of administrative excellence to enhance the work quality within the educational institution. It is necessary for deans and department heads to pay attention to faculty members with creative abilities in the colleges. It is also essential to highlight successful instructors in their work and allocate rewards for them

The current research aims to construct a measure of psychological excellence for advanced handball players applying to the Iraqi Premier League clubs in Iraq. The study seeks to understand the psychological excellence among advanced handball players participating in the Premier League of handball in Iraq, and due to the lack of a tool to measure psychological excellence for handball players. The researcher decided to address this problem and find solutions to it by constructing a tool to measure psychological excellence. The researcher used the descriptive method in the survey style, as it is most suitable for solving the current research problem, the researcher has successfully constructed the Psychological Excellence Scale for handball players, based on the theoretical aspect of psychological excellence and the derivation of dimensions from it. The scale was developed using a sample of 240 players, which represents a percentage of 80.81% of the total population of the research. The scale was applied to the players, and the scientific principles were extracted from the statistical analysis of the items such as content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and factor analysis validity. The reliability was verified by two methods, the split-half method, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. After conducting the statistical operations represented by factor analysis, the researcher extracted five factors: (creativity, skill excellence, field intelligence, self-confidence, and perseverance), as these factors were based on 34 items distributed across the five factors. The current scale serves as a tool for revealing the psychological excellence of advanced handball players in Iraq. The researcher recommends using the scale that he has prepared and constructed for measuring the psychological excellence of advanced handball players.

The importance of this research lies in proposing scientific solutions to address this issue, through designing ability training exercises to enhance horizontal and vertical starting speed, technical performance, and achievement, in accordance with the correct principles of sport training that ensure the sport's development in a manner that aligns with the technical and motor performance of this activity with high efficiency, this could assist coaches and those interested in this activity in elevating the components of this activity in terms of training and technical. The study aimed to prepare ability training for the research sample, as well as to identify the impact of ability training in improving horizontal and vertical speed, technical performance, and triple jump achievement for young male. The researchers used the experimental approach due to its suitability for the nature of the problem, with a design of a single experimental group. The research community was determined from the triple jump players for young male, aged 17-19, and they are 6 players from the clubs of Diyala Governorate registered within the local athletics federation, the research sample was purposefully selected because the research objectives require athletes who are proficient in performing the triple jump. The sample represented 100% of the research community. These exercises were applied as part of the main section of the training unit, taking 40-45 minutes, at a rate of 3 units per week for 8 weeks. As the number of training units was 24 units, and the duration of the training units was 8 weeks, with an average of two cycles and 3 training units in each small cycle. The researchers concluded that muscle ability exercises had an impact in improving the level of kinematic variables, technical performance, and achievement, through the results obtained, the increase in horizontal launch speed was greater than the vertical launch speed. This is because the goal of the triple jump event is to achieve the furthest horizontal distance, hence the horizontal launch speed should be greater than the vertical, and the researchers recommend emphasizing the importance of using muscle strength exercises using various resistances, which play a significant role in developing physical abilities

The management of adaptation strategies is considered one of the most important pillars from which people with special needs start towards practicing various sports activities in proportion to their physical abilities, attitudes and inclinations, in a way that enhances their social standing and makes them an effective element in their environment. The work of the Iraqi National Paralympic Committee is perhaps to support this important segment in society both technically and administratively. The research dealt with the impact and the relationship of these two variables, and the researcher attempted to present a practical analytical framework for the opinions of a selected sample of disabled players who answered to the management of adaptation strategies scale (independent variable), and the workers of the Iraqi National Paralympic Committee who answered the scale of integration of people with disabilities (dependent variable), and the relationship and impact between the variables result from understanding the methodology of improvement and management of its direction in the future, which is one of the most important roles of the administrative leadership at the present time. The research was initiated from a problem expressed by the care for people with disabilities, which is a matter of national security that prevents us from falling into many psychological and physical problems. They are the silent wealth of the nation whose voice must be heard by the world, especially after the number of Asian and international achievements made by the Iraqi National Paralympic Committee recently, despite the lack of regular players in sporting events within the committee. The aim of the research is to identify the role of strategic adaptation management in the integration of people with disabilities into society, as well as the relationship resulting from this adaptation in their involvement in suitable sports events in proportion to their preferences and inclinations. The researcher has specified the spatial scope of the study at the headquarters of the Iraqi National Paralympic Committee, and the temporal scope for the period from 1/1/2023 to 15/4/2023, in addition to the personnel represented by the administrative, technical, and player staff within the Iraqi National Paralympic Committee, the researcher examined the relationship and influence between "The management of adaptation strategy," which represents the behaviour of disabled, and "integration of people with disabilities." which represents the behaviour of sports leadership within the Iraqi National Paralympic Committee. Through this research, several theoretical and practical conclusions were reached, the most important of which are as follows:1- There is a significant relationship between the management of adaptation strategy and the integration of people with disabilities. 2- The (dependent variable) integrating people with disabilities in the research sample was significantly affected by the (independent variable) managing the adaptation strategy. The researcher recommended that the Iraqi National Paralympic Committee adopts a specific and well-planned policy in the field of integrating people with disabilities, and this includes the existence of action plans and work programs to implement such a policy in order to optimize the utilization of their abilities.

The science of testing and measurement, alongside other sports sciences, plays a crucial role in the objective evaluation of all aspects. It is a vital tool for evaluating the level that an athlete, whether a learner or a player, can reach. The importance of testing has emerged in paving the way for diagnosing strengths and weaknesses in players, as well as for guidance, classification, selection, and setting standards and levels to monitor positive aspects and maintain and develop them, while also addressing negative aspects. The importance of this research lies in constructing and regulating the measurement tool that can assess the quick response forces' ability to orient spatially towards a specific target during landing. This suits their training level and also evaluates the forces' level to identify their weaknesses. This enables trainers and relevant individuals to address these weaknesses and elevate them to the best levels to achieve positive and successful results from airdrop operations. The study aims to construct a test for the spatial orientation of skydiving and to determine standard criteria and levels for the spatial orientation of skydiving. The researchers used the descriptive method with a survey approach, based on the results, the researchers concluded that they were able to provide a measurement tool for assessing the spatial orientation of skydiving. The level of the sample members in the spatial orientation test ranged between (acceptable and average). The researchers recommend the necessity of increasing the training units that involve diverse landing environments. They also suggest including exercises that improve the level of spatial orientation for skydiving.

The importance of the study is justified in how to employ modern educational strategies that take into account the age group and maturity of this group and employ it in teaching some skills for games and others, especially the early age stages. On identifying the impact of educational units with the cooperative learning strategy in orphanages at the ages of 9-12 years in Baghdad for some volleyball skills, while the study assumed that there are statistically significant differences in the pre and post tests for some volleyball skills for the research sample, while the two researchers followed the experimental approach by designing one group with a pre and post-test, while the research was applied to a sample of female beneficiaries in the Al-Zuhour Orphanage House in Baghdad at the ages of (9-12), and they numbered 16 beneficiaries, while the skills of sending from below and passing from above were chosen as they are easy skills and fit with the sample. The two researchers prepared exercises aimed at learning the two skills under study. They were applied over the course of 8 educational units, each educational unit included 3 skills. While the cooperative learning strategy worked to increase the element of suspense during the learning process as well as equal competition between the sample members when applying the exercises. The study recommended the need to include the cooperative method in teaching sports skills in schools and for different age groups, the need to pay attention to the young age groups, as they constitute the basis for the correct building process for the individual

The current study addressed one of the most significant issues that faced by high-performance sports organizations, which is not fully benefiting from the applications of artificial intelligence techniques. The main problem of the research was to understand the effect of applying artificial intelligence technologies in the management of high-performance sports organizations and the extent of the contribution of applications of artificial intelligence techniques in diagnosing and addressing administrative and technical obstacles in the departments of sports activity and schooling in the General Directorates of Education in the province of Baghdad, with the aim of achieving high performance. In this context, the main objective of the study was to construct a conceptual framework for the implementation of artificial intelligence techniques in high-performance sports organizations, specifically in the sports and school activity departments of the General Directorates of Education in Baghdad province, as a model. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, the researchers followed a descriptive approach with an analytical method that suited the nature of the problem. They also conducted an informal exploratory study in the sports and school activity departments, utilizing a questionnaire as the tool for data collection. The study concluded by developing a reliable scale for the application of artificial intelligence technologies in high-performance sports organizations, consisting of five fields: Expert systems, virtual reality, intelligent agents, information technologies, and process automation. The sample size was chosen to be equal to the population to suit the nature of the research. The validity and reliability of this scale have been confirmed through statistical means, such as Cronbach's alpha coefficient, which amounted to 89.7. The five fields of the scale contained twenty-five items. The relative importance of these items ranged between (63-84%). The highest value of relative importance was 84% for the second item from the expert systems field, which states, (expert systems function as a consulting expert for the upper management in the sports and school activity departments to contribute to making correct decisions), whereas the lowest value for relative importance was for the first item from the virtual reality field, which states, (the use of virtual reality in the sports and school activity departments contributes to the acquisition of diverse skills for the employees and works on developing administrative and technical performance).

The research aims to prepare rehabilitative exercises using the Fit Light technology for women suffering from temporary hemiplegia, aged (45-55) years old. It also aims to understand the effect of these exercises on improving their comprehensive balance abilities for rehabilitation purposes. The researchers hypothesized that there are statistically significant differences between the pre-test and post-test results for both the experimental and control groups in rehabilitating women with temporary hemiplegia (comprehensive balance abilities). They also proposed that there are statistically significant differences between the post-test results of the experimental and control groups in rehabilitating women with temporary hemiplegia (comprehensive balance capabilities). The experimental approach was adopted with the design of both experimental and control groups on a sample of patients who frequent the Medical City hospital, with a total of (11) patients chosen deliberately using comprehensive enumeration. They represent about (84.615%) of their original population. The experiment continued on them for a month and a half, with (30) rehabilitation units. After the completion of the experiment, the results were processed using the SPSS statistical software. The conclusions and recommendations are that the application of rehabilitation exercises using the Fit Light technology is suitable for women suffering from temporary hemiplegia, aged between 45 and 55 years old. Additionally, these exercises help improve comprehensive balance abilities of women with temporary hemiplegia in the same age group. It is essential to pay attention to integrating engaging and motivating methods along with the implementation of rehabilitation exercises, and training those in charge of rehabilitation on how to positively utilize these methods in rehabilitating women with temporary hemiplegia aged (45-55) years old. It is also necessary to avoid exaggeration with the level of illumination and colors of the Fit Light technology and its multiplicity in the rehabilitation environment. There needs to be a compatibility in its operation with the application of each rehabilitation exercise and its goal