College Of Basic Education Researches Journal

Morphology is one of the great sciences of the Arabic language because it is its balance and measure, and with it the origins of the words of the Arabs is known. The infinitive is a noun that denotes a timeless event. This research studies the structures of the sources and their implications in the system of Al-Ilbiri (460 AH), the ascetic Andalusian poet, who is considered one of the people of knowledge and action. This system contained the innovations of judgment, the pearls of sermons and the pearls of commandments, and the creation of good morals, actions, and qualities. As for the introduction, it was devoted to the term source, which is one of the oldest linguistic terms that morphology considered through the morphological weights that it responds to and their meanings in linguistic contexts, and the reasons for choosing this study were also mentioned. As for the preamble, it was defined by the source linguistically and idiomatically, and by the poet and his ta'iyyah. As for the first section, which is the structures of the triple sources mentioned in the system, it included two requirements: the first requirement: standard sources, the second requirement: audio sources. The second section: the structures of non-triple verb sources mentioned in the "taiyyah", and it also included two requirements: the first requirement: standard sources, the second requirement: audio sources. The third section dealt with the name of the source and the meme source. After the investigation, it became clear that a number of the standard and audio sources of the trio, sources other than the trio, the name of the source and the meme source, and that the audio sources of the trio are the most common, compared to the structures of other sources.

The phenomenon of the difference of syntactic directions is one of the most prevalent features of Arabic grammar. The research sheds light on the phenomenon of differing syntactic directions in sentences - which have a place of parsing - by collecting what there is a multiplicity of directions and then comparing what Al-Azhari mentioned with the rest of the parsers of Alfiya such as Like al-Muradi (d. 749 AH), al-Shatibi (d. 790 AH), al-Makudi (d. 807 AH), al-Ashmouni (d. 900 AH), al-Sabban (d. 1206 AH), and other grammarians, to reach the most likely direction of the sentence and then clarifying the reasons that led to the diversity in the syntax. Including the predicate sentence, the predicate and the descriptive, the declarative and the present, the predicate and the answer of the condition, the predicate and the spoken, the present and the participle, the second and the present participle, and finally the spoken and present sentence

In this study, the verses of the Holy Qur’an were extrapolated and the places in which it was noticed that there is an irascibility topic - the implacability in the Holy Qur’an embodied in its first occurrence from surat Al-Baqarah, then Surat Al-Ma’idah, Al-Ra’d, Al-Noor, Al-Qasas, Al-Buruj, and finally Surat Al-Humaza. As the irascibility employed in these chapters the aspects of life - worldly and hereafter - and their effects became apparent on the unbeliever when he denied faith in Allah Almighty and the prophethood of our master Muhammad(PBUH). So, they deserved the Fire for their excesses, oppression, and excessive aggression, because Allah’s will and wisdom decreed that everyone who was arrogant and lied should be fuel for the Fire. After studying it carefully, the research was divided into three sections and a conclusion: Accordingly, the first section came to study two matters, first: the irascibility in the linguistic meaning, and second: related words. The second section concerned the sensory irascibility, and the third section included the moral irascibility. The miraculous Qur’anic narration in these noble surahs that were revealed was to respond to the polytheists in inspiring them to reveal signs of paranormal habits in beings, claiming that they do not believe unless a sign comes to them.

Whoever turns the pages of lexicon books and analyzes their words will find that they are composed of two pairs, or a group of lexical pairs, and because the pairs are different, the meanings of the words differ, each pair forming part of the meaning, and by union the semantic image is integrated. The form of “da 'aka” (rub) consists of two dichotomies “ da' ” “a 'k”، then the two were combined chronologically without repetition according to linguistic development. As for “bar' ama”، it consists of three dichotomies، “bar”، “ra'” “ a'm”; through this idea، the idea is complete because it is the truth in the origin of the words. Ibn Duraid mentioned that the origin of the weak triple is dual, as the word “qatta' ” is “qat” for him. He did not pay attention to the idea of coupling these binary words with each other and forming formulas, as we will show in this study. Linguists also did not stop at what we presented of the truth of conjugation. As they mentioned that the words that agree in the first and second letters, or the second and the third share some meanings between them. We have mentioned in this research that these two letters are from the origin of what they called the weak triple, which was mitigated by the disappearance of the weak by linguistic development, which occurred when conjugating, as we proved in this research.
The structure of the research consisted of an abstract and a preface, then the idea of coupling between the binaries, and then we implied the search with examples of coupling in the ternary forms and then above the ternary.

The research aims to study the accented words in the book "Taj Al-Arous" in "Jawaher Al-Qamous" by Sheikh Murtada Al-Zubaidi (d. 1205 AH), which is considered a linguistic phenomenon that distorts the structure and spoils the meaning, whose influence did not stop at the limits of linguistic communication only, but its influence extended to the Great Qur’an. Especially after the mixing of Arabs with non-Arabs. So, there was an urgent need to establish rules of grammar and morphology. In order to preserve the integrity of the Arabic language from any distortion. In this context, the research comes to show the effects of this phenomenon by defining the melody, the reasons for its appearance, and its most prominent works that preserved for us the laws of the Arabic tongue as the pure and pure Arabs pronounced them Al-Khalas Al-Aqah,, and preserved the language of the Holy Qur’an pure and pure throughout the times and ages.

The types and categories of moral rights in the financial benefit is one of the important sections that ancient and contemporary jurists have taken care of. Therefore, in our research, we dealt with the sections of these rights in the financial benefits _ a comparative study and the rights contained therein, and we have divided it into two sections:
The first topic: the concept of moral rights, and we divided it into two demands: the first requirement: the definition of the terms rights and moral rights, and the second requirement: the types and sections of moral rights (copyright, patent, trade name, commercial license).
The second topic: the rights contained in the moral rights, and it includes two demands: the first requirement: the public right, and the second requirement: the private right and the moral and financial rights it includes.

Abstract
The science of the principles of jurisprudence is considered, for the sake of the prestige sciences, the most noble of them, the highest rank, and the sweetest words. Its investigations and topics were numerous, and researchers have delved into its depths to retrieve its treasures and find its finest diamonds, which cover a wide range of topics and subjects. Among these topics is "Al- Haqeeqa wa Al-Majaaz"", which has been the subject of extensive study and debate, particularly in the modern era when scholars are still debating whether or not the Qur'an contains metaphor. Each team of scholars has given its evidence, and we have explained that in a brief manner suitable for this research. The importance of the topic seems to be the importance of this science, as it is indispensable in the study of the fundamentals of jurisprudence, and the student of the Holy Quran is indispensable for it, as the Holy Qur’an is full of subjects of the science of rhetoric, such as similes, metaphors of all kinds, metaphors of their types, beauty, and metaphors. A seeker of learning the interpretation of the Holy Quran does not find anything other than learning this science and mastering it in order to reach a proper understanding of the Holy Quran.

Advice plays an important and vital role in strengthening the bonds of love and intimacy and works to increase cohesion and harmony among the members of society. It is a life experience transferred from the advisor to the advised person. But he has to choose the appropriate time and place, avoid giving advice in front of others, and choose smooth, clear words that do not accept many linguistic connotations and many interpretations so that the advice pays off. The advice is based on experience and knowledge, even though the person giving advice has previously gone through the same circumstances, as he tries to avoid the person being advised from making mistakes. Thus, the advisor is a reason for alerting the advised person of his negligence and avoiding him from falling into unbearable problems, and he was a reason for guiding him to the right path. This is because the goodness of the individual means the goodness of the whole society, because man is a brick in his society. If this building block deviates from its course, the whole society will deviate from its course. The advice is the medicine that straightens society and Arabic language scholars evaluate the advice with the thread that gathers parts of a torn garment. The advice whose intention is purely for Allah and His Messenger brings the community together under the path of truth and righteousness.

Praise be to God, whose eloquence I spoke of His book, the tongues of the people of eloquence and eloquence, and prayers and peace entrusted to the most eloquent Arabs and non-Arabs, whom God singled out with the Criterion, and upon his family and companions until the Day of Judgment and after :
Our intention was that our study should be devoted to the Holy Qur’an, as it is the book that falsehood does not come to it from before it , nor from behind it. The first topic: the innate verses related to the creation of the heavens and the earth, and the second topic: the instinct related to the creation of man .

Because of the importance of the place in Ibn Masum al-Madani’s poetry, especially its connection to the praise of the Messenger (PBUH), as he employed places for this purpose, and this is a feature of the poet that may not be available to the poetry of other poets. Such a feature suggests the poet’s orientation towards the Islamic mystical tendency by focusing on mentioning the holy place and multiple types of poetry. The place and its stampede with time, personality, event and his travels between countries, which gave his poetry a spatial biography that relied on close details of the place and its parts.
The research consisted of an introduction and three themes. The introduction included: defining the concept of the place structure in the poetic text, the first theme was devoted to the study of the domestic place/ the hostile place, the second theme was devoted to the study of the historical place/ the immediate place, and the third theme included the study of the cosmic place / theatrical place.

The end of Surat Al-Furqan carries worldly and otherworldly connotations, in addition to the musical rhythm in its breaks. Also, it contains Qur’anic expression in its words, which makes the reader stop at it and the pause of the researcher contemplating its ends. The study is divided into four sections, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusion. The first section tackles the behavior of the servants of the Most Merciful, in the second section involves the relationship of the servants of the Most Merciful with Allah their Lord, the third section contains the interference between worship and treatment, and the fourth section explains the reward that the servants of the Most Gracious receive. The research reveals the honor that the servants of the Most Merciful receive by adding them to the Most Merciful, and shows the behavior of the servants of the Most Merciful in this world and their actions with people, which led them to attain the great status. The servants of the Most Merciful bear the characteristic of humility and economy in walking, avoiding the ignorant, moderation in spending, and staying away from falsehood and its people. In addition to the acts of worship that they adhere to, such as praying at night and humbling themselves to Allah Almighty, and giving preference to the supplication of the Hereafter over the supplication of this world, supplicating Him, Glory be to Him, to be pleased with them, and to honor them by attaining the highest levels of Heaven as a reward for their patience in acts of obedience from all harm, and after that there is no higher status than this one.

Scientifically, Zamzam water is described as alkaline or alkaline water. Due to what is known about this pure water and its virtues, rumors abounded and spread about its nutritional value and health benefits, and many social media sites dealt inaccurately with the scientific and health properties of this blessed water. It was necessary to clarify the matter, and to show the tendency of science on these sayings, based on the outputs of sober and disciplined scientific research.
Chemical analyzes at the Hajj Research Center at King Abdulaziz University showed that Zamzam water is pure, colorless and odorless, with a slightly fragrant taste. It is alkaline water that contains high concentrations of sodium, calcium, magnesium and other minerals, but it falls within the standards of the World Health Organization. As for the cumulative elements (which are dangerous because of their increased concentration over time as they are deposited inside the body), many studies have proven that Zamzam water is free of them, but they may be present in very small proportions as a result of storage in plastic containers. and from treatment with ultraviolet rays, it was found that Zamzam water is free of germs. Clinical studies were conducted at the University of Dammam - Saudi Arabia, on a group of diabetics, where drinking Zamzam water "over a period of two months at a rate of one liter per day" showed an ability to reduce the oxidation state in the body, and to reduce the long-term sugar index, known as cumulative sugar, compared to another group of patients was given plain drinking water.
Given that Zamzam water contains significant amounts of lithium, calcium, magnesium, and zinc, it has been proposed to include Zamzam water in potential treatments for drug addiction patients, as scientific studies show the ability of these mineral elements to reduce addiction among drug users. Zamzam water also possesses unique optical properties, as the optical absorbance of Zamzam water is the highest compared to normal, magnetized, and distilled water at most measured wavelengths. It was also found that the optical reflectivity is the highest for Zamzam water at the same wavelength, while the coefficient of thinness for Zamzam water was higher than other samples.

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the most honorable of the Prophets and Messengers Who was sent as a mercy to all of creation. The study includes the approach of Imam Ibn Arafa in preponderance through his interpretation, and it included two sections. The first section involves three demands; it contains the importance of preponderance, its definition linguistically and idiomatically, and the difference between preponderance and selection. As for the second section, it focuses on the rules on which the imam relied in the preponderance, and it is based on three demands, namely preponderance in terms of the transmitted meaning, preponderance in terms of rhetorical and grammatical rules, and preponderance in terms of the concept. Then, the study ends with the conclusion and the sources.
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the most honorable of the prophets and Messengers, who was sent as a mercy to all creation:
The study included Imam Ibn Arafa’s approach to weighting through his interpretation, and it included two sections. The first topic included three demands, and it contains the importance of weighting, and its definition linguistically and idiomatically, and the difference between weighting and choice. As for the second topic, it included the rules that the Imam relied on in weighting, which is on three demands, which are Weighting in terms of the transmitted, and the second in weighting in terms of rhetorical and grammatical rules, and concluded with weighting in terms of the concept, then I finished the study with the conclusion and sources

The aim of the current research is to show the effect of using the strategy (PQ4R) in developing Kurdish reading skills for non-native speakers of fifth-year literary students and the trend towards language learning, its sample consisted of (89) students, (45) students representing the experimental group and (44) students The control group, the researchers prepared two tools to achieve the goals: testing Kurdish reading skills, reading health, speed of reading (60 words), and reading (20) paragraphs for two equally divided questions, the first is multiple choice and the second is filling in the blanks, and the second tool is a measure of the trend towards learning the Kurdish language component Of (25) items, the researcher used the statistical means such as the Pearson correlation coefficient, the distinction equation, the difficulty equation, the t-test of two separate and independent samples, the reading speed measurement equation and the ETA square (2) as well as the statistical bag (spss) for the social sciences used, the following results obtained:
1- There is no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the members of the experimental and pre-controlled groups in the reading skills as a whole.
2- There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the members of the experimental group before and after in the reading skills as a whole.
3- There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the experimental group members and the validity of the scales of the dimensional trend.
4- The size of the effect of the independent variable strategy (PQ4R) on the two dependent variables (Kurdish reading skills, and the trend towards Kurdish language learning) among members of the experimental group, the effect size is significant.
5- There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the members of the experimental and control research groups and in favor of the members of the experimental group in the Kurdish reading skills as a whole.
6- There is a statistically significant difference between the mean scores of the members of the experimental and remote control groups in the measure of the trend towards learning the Kurdish language and in favor of the members of the experimental group. The researchers came up with a set of conclusions, recommendations and proposals.

The aim of the research is to identify the effect of the peer learning strategy in developing self-regulated learning for first-year intermediate students in the science subject. The research sample was chosen from the first intermediate grade students at (Sana'a) School in Nineveh Governorate, and it reached (57) students.
In order to achieve the goal of the research and test its hypothesis, the researcher prepared a main tool, namely: the self-regulated learning scale, which consisted of (27) paragraphs in the final form, and the re-test method was used to find reliability, which amounted to (0.71). The data were processed statistically using the t-test for two independent samples.
The results showed that there were statistically significant differences in favor of the experimental group in the development of self-regulated learning.

The aim of the research is to identify the impact of the mental arithmetic strategy on the development of logical and mathematical intelligence among fourth grade female students in mathematics. The research sample consisted of (50) female students from the fourth grade of primary school in (Sumer Elementary School for Girls) on the left side of the city of Mosul, with (25) female students in each of the two experimental groups, which were taught according to the mental arithmetic strategy, and the control, which was studied by the regular method. The equivalence process was conducted between them in a number of variables (the degree of intelligence, the achievement of the third grade of primary school, the chronological age in months, the educational level of the parents, the mathematical logical intelligence test). The research tool, which the two researchers prepared, was the logical intelligence test, which is in its final form consisting of (24) items. The two researchers verified its validity and stability, which was extracted using the Qodder Richard-20 method. The test reliability coefficient reached (0.71), which is a good reliability coefficient. The experiment was applied to the two research groups, starting from Monday (11/15/2021) until Tuesday (1/25/2022). Using appropriate statistical methods and through the statistical package (SPSS), the data were analyzed statistically. The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups in the pre and post tests for both groups in favor of the post application. In the light of the research results, the two researchers presented a number of recommendations, the most important of which was the adoption of the mental arithmetic strategy in teaching mathematics in the primary stage and in other educational stages. It also presented a number of proposals for future research related to the variables of its research, including (the effect of using the constructive model in developing mental arithmetic among fifth grade students in mathematics).

The current research aims to identify the effect of the mantle of the expert’s strategy on the achievement of science subject for first-grade intermediate students. The researcher followed the experimental approach with two groups (experimental and control) due to its suitability to the nature of the research, where the experiment was applied in (Al-Wasiti Intermediate School for Boys) after conducting equivalence between the two groups (experimental and control) in a number of variables for the safety of the experiment and controlling the variables and accompanying conditions. The total sample consisted of (34) students from the first intermediate grade, with (17) control students and (17) experimental students. The researcher also prepared the necessary plans for the research, as the mantle of the expert strategic plans were created for the experimental group, and teaching plans were prepared according to the usual method, to be studied according to the control group. The achievement test was prepared, consisting of (25) items in its final form, and the researcher presented a set of recommendations and suggestions at the end of the research.

The current research aims to reflect the effect of teaching Arabic language using the Terese's model on the achievement of second-grade intermediate students. To achieve the aim of the research, the following hypotheses were formulated:
- There is no statistically significant difference at the level (0.05) between the average of the experimental group students who studied the Arabic language subject using the Terese's model and the mean of the control group students who studied the same subject in the traditional way (the lecture) in the post-achievement test.
To achieve the goal of the research, Fatima High School for Girls, Al Al-Bayt High School for Girls, and Quraish Intermediate School for Boys were intentionally chosen to represent the three research groups. The traditional way was applied, and the following steps were followed to complete the research:
1-Choosing the design of the two equivalent groups with partial control of the type of the post test.
2- Equalizing the two research groups in the following variables: (chronological age, educational attainment of the parents, Arabic language scores for the previous year, and intelligence test).
3- Preparing two plans for teaching the two groups, the Terese's model, for the experimental group, and the second for the control group, which is taught in the usual way.
4-Preparing an achievement test for the two groups, and the test items were (30) items/the test was multiplexed.
5- Using the appropriate statistical methods for their research procedures, which are (one-way analysis of variance, chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, Shaveh method).
After applying the test, it was found that the students of the experimental group, whose students studied using the Teres model, outperformed the students of the control group, whose students studied using the usual method. The experimental group"outperformed the control group students in the post-achievement test.

The current research aimed at identifying the impact of the Gardens of Ideas strategy on developing visual-spatial intelligence among female fourth-grade literary students in Islamic education according to the Gardens of Ideas Strategy. To achieve the aim of the research, the researcher intentionally chose Al-Tale'a Preparatory School for Girls. In the same way, Group (A) was chosen to represent the experimental group that studies Islamic education subjects according to the Gardens of Ideas strategy, and Group (B) to represent the control group that studies Islamic education subjects according to the usual method. The size of the research sample was (57) students, with (29) students in Group (A), and (28) students in Group (B). The researcher conducted the equivalence between the students of the two research groups in the following variables: (the chronological age of the students calculated in months, the general average for the third intermediate grade, the degree of Islamic education in the third intermediate grade, the thinking quotient, the visual-spatial intelligence test, the academic achievement of the parents). The researcher prepared teaching plans for the subjects that were taught during the experiment period, distributed among the two research groups. The researcher also prepared the visual-spatial intelligence test, and presented it to a group of experts and specialists to see its validity and reliability. After analyzing the results statistically using the T-test for two independent samples, the researcher concluded that the students of the experimental group outperformed the students of the control (T-test) in the visual-spatial intelligence test.

The study aims at investigating the "The Effectiveness of the Hot Chair Strategy in the Development of Positive Thinking and Scientific Inclinations in biology." The study utilizes experimental method and divides the samples into two equal groups with pre-test and post-test which require two groups: one of them was experimental and the other was control group. The scope of the study consisted of (7321) students to the entire eighth class male pupils of basic education in the morning shift schools for the academic year (2021-2022) in the boundaries of Erbil province. The sample of the study consisted of (56) male pupils in the eighth class at (Lana Basic school for Boys) for the academic year (2021-2022), and the sample were distributed randomly into two groups: (28) boy pupils for experimental group and (28) boy pupils for control group, the hot strategy was used for teaching experimental group whereas the traditional method was used for teaching control group. To achieve the aims of the research two tools were required, the positive thinking test on (Alkhafaji & Jabr,2018) and (Al-Anqar, 2017), and the paragraphs were used, where the number of paragraphs in the final formula reached (27) and the difficulty and discriminatory power coefficient were extracted for the paragraphs. The reliability of the test was also carried out using the Alpha Cronbach equation, and the reliability coefficient reached (0.89). The researchers relied on the (Aziz, 2011) scale, where the number of its paragraphs in the final formula was (28), and its reliability was confirmed by re-testing according to the equation of the Pearson correlation coefficient, which amounted to (0.71). The statistical methods used were Arithmetic means, standard deviations, and t-test for two independent samples to compare the mean scores of the two experimental and control groups. The result of the research revealed the existence of a statistically significant difference between the average scores of the development of the test positive thinking students of the experimental and control groups. Thus, it rejected the zero hypothesis and accepted the alternative hypothesis and in favor of the experimental group. Also, the existence of a statistically significant difference between the average degrees of scientific inclinations towards biology students of the experimental and control groups which rejected the zero hypothesis and accepted the alternative hypothesis and in favor of the experimental group. Hence, the researchers recommended using the hot chair strategy in teaching and suggested conducting more studies in other subjects.

The current research aims to identify the " The Effectiveness of the Listening Triangle Strategy on the Interpretation Ability of Second Intermediate Grade Students". To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher relied on the experimental method, due to its suitability and the nature of the research. The research sample consisted of (67) female students of the second intermediate grade at Al-Tamamah Secondary School for Girls in the representation of the Ministry of Education in Erbil for the academic year (2021/2022), who were chosen by the intentional method. The experimental group consisted of (33) female students who studied according to the listening triangle strategy, and the control group consisted of (34) female students who studied according to the usual method. To implement the research experiment, the researcher prepared two models of teaching plans according to the listening triangle strategy and the usual method. Then, the school of Islamic education was assigned the process of teaching the two parts of the research. In order to measure the ability of the students of the research sample to interpret the Qur’anic texts, which represents the variable dependent on the research, the researcher prepared a test for interpretation according to scientific and logical steps that confirmed its validity and reliability of the scientific research. After completing the implementation of the experiment, the researcher applied the tool to the members of the research sample. After collecting the data, tabulation and statistical analysis carried out by using (arithmetic mean, Standard Deviation, Independent Sample t-Test). Hence, the researcher found that there are statistically significant differences between both groups in favor of the experimental group students.

The study of divinity in ancient religious perceptions introduces us to the reality of the impact of the sacred, which is full of stories of gods and mythological worlds, in the formation of the traits of religious consciousness and in the explanation of the beginnings of creation and of the eschatological ends of the world, which makes us close to the question of the immortality of man after death, this idea could be the reason for the existence of religion.
This impact of the sacred has opened to religious consciousness significant interpretation spaces revealing how one of the religious groups represents the truths of their common religion and eschatological beliefs despite the differences between them. This justified the interest of these ancient religious beliefs in the rituals of salvation, even if they were based on the same eschatological conception, namely immortality after death.
There is no doubt that these ritual practices, although they express a form of communication between humans and the world of the gods, are at the same time the supreme expression of the purpose of human existence, be it to appease the Gods and avoid their wrath, or to obtain ways of salvation and deliverance from this world, which is an acknowledgment of what man disputes about the impulses of good and evil connected with the sin and salvation. We find these facts in the idea of Emancipation in the Brahmin religion, the conception of Nirvana in Buddhism, the Zoroastrian Law of Faith, and the law of Just Reward for the dead among the Egyptians. All these conceptions are the foundations of faith for these doctrines of salvation and as an expression of the sacred, it directs the gaze of believers to the real problems of man and his individual and social behaviors, these behaviors find their highest expression in all binding legislation and ethical systems oriented towards behavioral education and the instructions of the wise...

The book of Musa bin Uqba's raids is considered one of the first books to be classified in the battles and biography، and what increased the value of Musa bin Uqba's raids is that he was a jurist، mufti، and trustworthy speaker from the people of Medina، and that Imam Malik recommended his students to read Musa bin Uqba's raids and praised him.
Scholars grabbed hold of the book The Conquests of Musa Ibn Uqbah and took great interest in it and began to listen to it and narrate it.

Tal Afar is a city whose history goes back to ancient times, and it was famous for its Assyrian castle known as "Tal Afar Castle". In the Ottoman era it had political، administrative and economic importance as it was one of the first Iraqi cities that entered the Ottoman circle in 1516. Based on what is mentioned above, and in the framework of the formation of a comprehensive historical image of the history of modern Iraq (the history of Iraq in the Ottoman era) with its cities and towns ، we have chosen such a study entitled "Tal Afar in the Ottoman era: A Political ، Administrative، and economic Study". The research section includes a preamble and three sections with its political, administrative and economic titles, as the political topic indicated: the entry of Tal Afar into Ottoman control and the political facts therein, with a focus on the Ottoman military campaigns on Tal Afar, the most famous of which was the campaign of Muhammad Pasha Ince Bayraktar in 1841 AD. As for the administrative topic, it touched on the administrative subordination of Tal Afar and the administrative apparatus therein as (Nahiyah), and the topic also referred to the urban landmarks, the municipality department, and other topics, and between the economic topic: agriculture, animal husbandry, trade, and others. The research relied on a set of sources, which are: Ottoman documents, manuscripts, Ottoman pamphlets, university theses, Arabic, Ottoman, Turkish and English books, research, studies and others.

This research examines The Role of Saudi Arabia within the framework of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) from 1981 to 1991 regarding the Palestinian issue and its efforts to support the Palestinian people, During this period, Saudi Arabia considered the Palestinian cause as one of its top foreign policy priorities. The Kingdom provided continuous political and financial support to the Palestinian people and their legitimate rights, Saudi efforts included political initiatives to promote Palestinian rights and support for the Palestinian cause on the international stage.
Within the framework of the Gulf Cooperation Council, Saudi Arabia played a significant role in enhancing support for the Palestinian cause, The Kingdom offered political advice and guidance to GCC member states to unify efforts and enhance Arab collective action towards a peaceful resolution of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.
Saudi Arabia's stance in supporting the Palestinian people was also evident in financial aid. The Kingdom provided generous contributions to the Palestinian National Authority.
Overall, it can be concluded that Saudi Arabia played an active and important role within the Gulf Cooperation Council in supporting the Palestinian cause from 1981 to 1991. It provided political, financial, and humanitarian support while striving to promote Arab unity and diplomatic efforts to achieve a peaceful resolution of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the realization of the Palestinian people's rights to establish their state.

The importance of the current research is highlighted by preparing a training program for (Rondo) exercises and knowing its impact on a number of physical variables for futsal players. The current research aims to identify the impact of (Rondo) exercises on some physical variables for the experimental group players and to identify the differences in some physical variables between the experimental and control groups in the post-test. The research sample was selected from the Nineveh Sports Club futsal players, who numbered (22) players, and the research sample consisted of (16) players representing (72.73%) of the research community. Homogeneity was achieved in "age, height, mass, and training age", and the equivalence was carried out between the two research groups in physical variables. the researchers used the experimental design for the two groups with a pre and posttest. The methods of collecting information and data included personal interviews, questionnaires, tests and measures, content analysis and scientific observation. Then, the curriculum was implemented in the main part of the training unit for (8) Weeks with (3) training units per week. thus, the number of training units for the training curriculum reached (24) training units. After completing the curriculum, the researchers concluded that, by comparing the pre and post results, the training curriculum implemented by the experimental group made a remarkable development in the physical variables under study. By comparing the results of the post tests, it was shown that the experimental group achieved better development than the control group in physical variables. Based on the development achieved in the physical variables under study, the researchers recommended the need to pay attention to (Rondo) training when developing training curricula for futsal players.

The aim of the research is to:
1. Identify the level of organizational effectiveness and its themes for the Student Activities Department at the University of Mosul.
2. Identify the level of organizational effectiveness factors in the Student Activities Department at the University of Mosul.
The research sample included (19) officials of the student activities division distributed in (19) colleges, which represented (82.6%) of the research community. For the purpose of reaching the goal of the research, the two researchers used the scale prepared by (Al-Tai, 2010) to assess the organizational effectiveness of sports organizations in Nineveh Governorate, since the tool is applied to a sample that is not similar to the sample of the current research, so the researchers verified its apparent validity and reliability.
In processing the data statistically, the arithmetic mean and percentage were used, and the researchers concluded the following:
1. The Student Activities Department has a medium level of organizational effectiveness.
2. The Student Activities Department has a high level of goal setting.
3. The Student Activities Department confirms adherence to working hours at a high level.
4. The themes (development, motivation, monitoring and evaluation, communication, job satisfaction, and cohesion) came at a medium level.
5. The Student Activities Department has a low level of adaptation.

The study aims to identify the level of the administrative climate and the professional compatibility of the directors of youth centers in the Erbil governorate from the point of view of its affiliates, and to reveal the relationship and difference in the administrative climate and the professional compatibility of the directors of youth centers in the Erbil governorate? Depending on the variables (gender, educational qualification).
The descriptive approach was used in relation to its relevance and the nature of the current research, and the research sample consisted of (80) members, and to achieve the objectives of the research, according to the tools represented in the administrative climate questionnaire, which consisted of (29) items, and the professional compatibility questionnaire consisted of (27) items. According to the scientific procedures, the statistical data were processed through the (spss) program, and the researcher reached the following results.
-The prevailing administrative climate among directors and employees of youth centers is the open administrative climate, followed by the disciplined one, and then the path itself in the fourth place, which is familiar and finally, the closed climate.
- The prevailing professional compatibility between managers and employees of youth centers in Erbil governorate, where it appeared after relationships with more practicing colleagues, followed by the nature and size of work and its suitability to personal capabilities, and then the conditions and procedures of work and its material environment, and finally wages and promotion.
-A significant correlation appeared between the administrative climate and the professional compatibility of the directors of youth centers in Erbil governorate from the point of view of its employees.

Abstract:
The aim of the research was to build on the scale of organizational motivation for the pioneer athletes working in sports institutions, and the researchers used the descriptive approach in its survey study, and the research community included (400) sports pioneers working in Iraqi sports institutions, and the samples of the exploratory study, construction, stability and final application were selected in a random way and by (10, 180, 30, 80) respectively, and the researchers used scientific procedures in constructing the scale and the data were treated statistically through the mean, percentage, simple correlation, and Spearman-Brown equation. The researchers concluded the following :
1. Reaching the scale of organizational motivation entrances in sports institutions according to scientific construction procedures, and its effectiveness was verified from the viewpoint of the pioneers work ininthem.
2. The possibility of modifying the organizational motivation entrance scale and applying it in other sportsorganizations

The research aims to build a measure of sports frustration tolerance among players of second-class football clubs, identify the tolerance of sports frustration among players of second-class football clubs, identify the motivation of sports achievement among players of second-class football clubs, as well as to identify the relationship between tolerance of sports frustration and the motivation of sports achievement among players of second-class football clubs in Nineveh Governorate.
The researchers used the descriptive approach in the two survey methods and the correlational relations. The research community consisted of (203) second-class football clubs' players, in Nineveh Governorate, for the sports season (2022-2023), distributed among (8) clubs. The research procedures were carried out on them as a sample for construction and application, and the construction sample amounted to (153) players representing (75.36%) of the total research community, and (8) players were excluded for their participation in the reconnaissance experiment, as well as excluding (30) for their participation in stability of the sports achievement motivation scale. So, the main construction sample in its final form consisted of (115) players, in addition to excluding (2) players for not completing their answers to the scale items, while the researchers obtained (113) forms valid for statistical analysis. As for the application sample, it amounted to (50) players representing (24.63%) of the total research community as shown in the table. The data obtained by the researchers were processed using (the arithmetic mean, the standard deviation, the simple correlation coefficient, the (t) test for one sample, the (t) test for independent samples, the Spearman-Brown equation, and the hypothetical mean). The researchers concluded that the scale of sports frustration tolerance has a high effectiveness, by reaching its construction with accurate scientific specifications, as well as the emergence of a significant relationship between sports frustration tolerance and the motivation of sports achievement among players of second-class football clubs. The researchers recommended adopting a sports frustration tolerance measure that the researchers built on football players and trying to apply it to the rest of the sporting events, as well as providing counseling programs that focus on developing the ability to withstand sports frustration among football clubs in Nineveh Governorate.

aims at :
1. Recognizing the values of the biomechanical variables of the Arab champion and the world champion in the skill of the inverse fist( gyakeu-zuki) in Karate .
2. Revealing the differences in the values of the biomechanical variables between the Arab champion and the world champion in the skill of the inverse fist (gyakeu-zuki) in Karate .
The researchers have hypothesized the following :
1. The presence of differences in the values of most biomechanical variables between the Arab champion and the world champion in the skill of the inverse fist (gyakeu-zuki ) in Karate .
The researchers have adopted the descriptive comparative methodology for its convenience with the nature of the research . The sample has consisted of the Arab champion ,the Iraqi player (Qusai Wisam ) and the world champion ,the French player (Alex Biamonti ) .The Arab championship in Egypt has been analyzed in 2006 and the world championship in Japan in 2008 .The biomechanical variables have been analyzed ( corners , heights , displacements , times , speeds , and capability ) .
The researchers have concluded :
1. The presence of differences in the values of the biomechanical variables between both players ,and as follows :
a. The corners were ( the foreground knee , the back knee , and the elbow of the beating arm ) for the benefit of the world champion .
b. The heights of the beating fist and the maximum height of the foreground foot were for the benefit of the world champion .While ,the height of body mass weight centre for both players was convergent .
c. The displacements ( horizontal , columnar , the result of the body mass weight centre , and the horizontal displacement of the foreground foot and back foot ) were for the benefit of the world champion .
2. The kinetic trajectory of the beating fist of the world champion was better than the kinetic trajectory of the beating fist of Arab champion .

The researchers have recommended the following :
1. Encouraging the trainers to develop the technical performance of the fighting skills in karate via adopting the kinetic analysis of the players from time to time .
2. Developing the physical endurance ( force ,speed ,and performance fitness ) to make the players access high levels quickly .
3. Confirming studying other skills of the fighting activities ,like karate.

The study aims to identify the role of school administrations in supporting a model physical education lesson from the point of view of physical education teachers in the Mosul district center in the light of the variables of educational qualification and years of service, in the schools of Mosul Center on its right and left sides. The sample of the study consisted of teachers of physical education in the center of the district of Mosul, the number of which is (166) teachers distributed over the schools of the center of Mosul on its right and left sides. To collect the data, the researchers prepared a questionnaire after verifying its validity and reliability and presented it to the experts, which consisted of three sections and (32) items distributed on them. The statistical package (SPSS) was used to process the results. Among the statistical treatments were frequencies, the arithmetic mean, standard deviation and percentage. The results of the study showed that the role of school administrations in supporting the lesson of physical education is very high, and the sections of the external and social support ranked first. Also, it was found that there was a direct relationship between the variables of the study, academic qualification and years of service, and between the role of school administration and the lesson of physical education. Hence, the researchers recommended paying attention to the study of physical education, physical capabilities and sports equipment.

In this study, the optimal parameters for the nonlinear (BZS) Belousov-Zhabofinkii system using the developed Adomian analysis method with the genetic algorithm abbreviated as GA MADM were found. The fit function was used to solve the nonlinear system. It is discovered that choosing the optimal parameters lead to solutions that are Extensively close solutions. The results showed that the approximate solutions were sufficiently close to the exact solutions, and the proposed method was more accurate and efficient than the normal MADM, which traditionally uses pre-selected parameters.

The DC glow discharge in the capillary tubes acquired considerable attention in many applications due to its important electrical characteristics. In the present study, an electrical discharge system was designed consisting of a capillary tube and two electrodes. The cathode was made with a hollow shape from nickel material to obtain a high density. The anode electrode was tungsten material. The distance between the electrodes was chosen as 13 cm. The Langmuir double probe was used as a diagnostic technique to measure the plasma parameters at different ranges of gas pressure. The I-V characteristics of the double probe were measured at pressures 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, and 0.7 tor. All measurements were conducted at a constant power of 0.6 watt. Electron temperature and ion saturation current were extracted from the I-V characteristics curves. The electron density, debye length, and plasma frequency were calculated. It was observed that the electron temperature decreases with increasing working gas pressure. The effects of pressure on electron density and ion saturation gave a clear similarity to the change in them with pressure. The results were in reasonable agreement with previous research.

The current research aims to identify the opinions of male and female mathematics teachers about the reasons that led to the low level of academic achievement among secondary school students. A simple random sample was selected for the research, totalling (25) male and female teachers of mathematics. The research tool included a questionnaire of the reasons for the decline, which consisted of (25) paragraphs and four aspects related to the school, curricula, teaching methods and teaching aids. To achieve the objectives of the research, the researchers used statistical treatments represented by percentages and arithmetic averages. The researchers concluded that all aspects of the study had a role in the low level of achievement among students, but in varying proportions. One of the most important recommendations of the research was the need to train male and female teachers of mathematics on the use of modern educational methods, joint cooperation between the administration and teachers within planned programs to treat the problem of low level of academic achievement, and the need to follow teaching methods that have proven successful and efficient in developing achievement in order to raise the level of achievement in mathematics and providing the school with learning resources and modern teaching aids as it is the language of this era.

Abstract
The problem of multilinearity that occurs as a result of the high correlation and linear correlation between two or more explanatory variables included in its construction is one of the most important model building problems, which negatively affects the process of estimating the regression model parameters. This study aims to review the shrinking estimators that are used to address the problem of multicollinearity that appears in counting data models, especially the Poisson regression model. This model is considered one of the most used models in the case that the data of the response variable have countable values and are not subject to a normal distribution. Through Monte-Carlo simulation experiments, it was found that the two-parameter shrink estimator is the best proposed estimator because it reduces the mean square error of the model.

Abstract
The results of exposing Albizia lebbek L. Benth seeds strongly showed an electric current and different exposure times that all the transactions with the strong electric current gave an increase in the leaf content of carbohydrates except for the treatment of 3 amperes compared to the comparison treatment, whereas the treatment of 9 amps and the treatment of 7 amps gave The highest increase in the leaf content of protein, chlorophyll a and b and total compared to the comparison treatment. As for the exposure period, as the exposure period gave 9 minutes, the highest increase in the leaf content was from carbohydrates, protein, chlorophyll a and b and total, while in the effect of bilateral interference, the highest percentage of carbohydrate content in The leaves were obtained from the treatment of severely exposing seeds to an electrical current of 5 amperes for 7 minutes. As for the highest protein content in the leaves, they were obtained from the treatment of severely seeding the electric current of 9 amps for 5 minutes, and in the leaves content of chlorophyll a as it was obtained The highest content of chlorophyll a from the exposure treatment severely electric current 9 ampere for 9 minutes. As for the content of leaves from chlorophyll b and the total as the highest content was obtained from Has a strong exposure to the electric current 7 ampere for 9 minutes, and it is clear that the treatment of seeds with the electric current led to the improvement of some chemical properties in the leaves of the seedlings compared to the comparison treatment .

The research included the description of a simple indirect spectrophotometric method for the determination of pyridoxine hydrochloride, which depended on the oxidation of pyridoxine with an amount of N-bromosuccinimide in the presence of hydrochloric acid and the excess amount of it oxidized the dye Eriochrome black-T. The absorption was measured at 517 nm, and the molar absorption coefficient was 8 × 103 L / mol. cm, indicating the sensitivity of the method. Compliance with Beer's law for concentrations ranged from (2-14) micrograms. ML-1, the method was characterized by good accuracy and compatibility, with a recoverability of 99.07%. The relative standard deviation was less than 0.63. The method was applied to pharmaceutical preparations of pyridoxine hydrochloride. So, what have been mentioned above show the importance of doing such researches in this simple and sensitive ways. Researchers within the field of analytical chemistry can follow the same procedures with different dyes .ِ Also, other pharmaceutical preparations ( of local and international sources ) can be worked on holding a comparative study. So, things should be in this direction to reach the best results with low costs.

The current paper aims to evaluate the translation process of creative writing using phase model cognition of comprehension in the translation process, which serves as the essential framework of Translation Process Research (TPR). The two categories, suggested by Bayer-Hohenwarter and Kußmaul (2021:310), of substantial optimality of translation and interpretive theory-based visualization of thinking are used to evaluate the translation process. The study tackles the novel of "Murder on the Orient Express", as a sample of creative writing, while the phase model cognition is used to evaluate the translation of creative writing involved in this study. The translator of creative writing must be able to perform two comprehension tasks; first, he has to retrieve, which is essentially the remembering of information that has been previously encoded, and comprehended in SL inputs, second, he has to recognize an event or piece of information as being familiar in SL and translate the text for the TL audience. It is suggested that the phase model cognition can be applied to evaluate the translation of certain kinds of cognitive changes in the creative writing of ST that are not usually conceptualized as changes in concepts but as characteristics of texts in TT. Finally, the possible implications of this model for understanding changes that often accompany well-known writings are described. It is concluded that, as examined in the translation performance of TL texts, the translation process of SL creative writing depends on the categories of phase model cognition of understanding of novelty, flexibility, and fluency of texts.

Recognizing the metaphorical meaning of phrases, sentences and conversations is of a great importance to avoid misunderstanding and to be a cooperative element in any conversation. Weather proverbs carry, in addition to their predictive meaning as an apparent speech act, a figurative meaning embodied in certain weather proverbs such as request, warning, exhibit or exhorting ,etc. Therefore, the present study aims at testing the ability of postgraduate students to recognize speech acts implied in these proverbs. The researcher prepared a multiple choice test consists of (25) weather proverbs. The test was exposed to a number of experts, and the researcher made all the modifications presented by them. After finding the validity and reliability of the test, she asked the samples to recognize speech acts hidden in weather proverbs. The study concluded that English foreign language postgraduate students achieved a slight level of recognition of speech acts in general. For the variable of gender, males and females achieved equal level of recognition of speech acts. For the speech act of warning, English foreign language postgraduate students achieved high level of recognition more than the other two acts: exhorting and exhibit. Concerning each speech act and according to variable of gender, females achieved higher level of recognition of both warning and exhibit than males who achieved high level of recognizing “Exhibit” speech act than females.

The current study aims to discover the efficiency of the use of e-learning platforms in teaching English language to the students at the University of Mosul. It has been carried out by measuring the extent to which English language learning has been achieved in terms of listening, speaking, reading, and writing in the field of lesson implementation and personality at the University of Mosul, by using the descriptive analytical method. The sample of the study comprises the teaching staff members at the University of Mosul. It includes 60 lecturers as respondents has been randomly selected out of the population already referred to. The researchers used a questionnaire as data collection producer, after making sure of the validity and reliability coefficients. The total percentage of reliability reached (0.804%). The analysis of the data was carried out using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Depending on the statistical analysis, the results refer to the significant differences regarding the efficiency of using online learning, particular e-learning platforms in teaching English language for the students at the University of Mosul. In the light of the results, the researchers present some recommendations to enhance the use of educational platforms in teaching the English language at the University of Mosul including the cooperating with the teaching staff members at universities, especially in English department to use technology as far as possible using e-learning platforms efficiently to ensure online learning effectiveness.