College Of Basic Education Researches Journal

This research aims to shed light on the concept of the poetic vision, being a cornerstone for any poetic work. It is, in fact, a complex concept in which all the components of the poetic text are interrelated to show the poet's vision and attitudes towards the world. The current research adopts the inductive method as far as the concept of the poetic vision is concerned to be the most appropriate method to comprehensively tackle this concept. According to Blake's theory, 'vision' refers to the sequence of levels, starting from sight, heart, cognition, and then imagination. This sequence includes all the meanings concerned with 'vision' and 'imagination' at the same time. Hence, the present research deals with the following axes:

The research deals with a scholar of linguistics and literature who served them with his books and lessons. The choice was made in one of his rhetorical books entitled "Al Traaz Al Mualam" to inspect its virtues and document the evidence that he relied on in clarifying the rhetorical topics that he presented in this book. When we take stock of the evidence, it becomes clear that they are from the Noble Qur’an, the Prophet’s Hadith, and the words of the Arabs, poetry and prose, running on those who preceded him in this field documented by referring to the Noble Qur’an, the Sunnah, and the poets’ collections. After that, we explained the home of the witness in a rhetorical explanation, relying on the books of interpretation and rhetoric, and a definition of the terms specific to the evidence. We discussed the definition of the author, his name, lineage, writings, and death. Then, his methodology in the book that we are dealing with, the topics of rhetoric with its three sciences, and a conclusion that outlined the most important findings of the research are shown. Finally, the sources and references, and an appendix to the indexes of verses, prophetic hadiths, poems and Arab proverbs are stated.

The Diwan of Qais bin Al-Malouh, known as “Majnoun Laila,” includes values belonging to various types of human systems such as social, religious and emotional, and in each of them it is possible to trace human values to their universality by describing that poets - especially sentimental ones among them - express the latent of human nature and that poetry, unanimously by critics, is the most Literary literature. Majnoun Layla is an Umayyad poet who became famous throughout the Arab and foreign world on the historical, literary and artistic levels. This research tries to give, through the preface, a detailed explanation of the title in language and terminology, and to talk briefly and appropriately to the place about the life of the poet and the opinion of poets and critics in it. Then, the research tries to extract human values on the three religious, tribal and social axes and to define their concept and how to distinguish them from other types of other values that are not usually described in this capacity. It also tries to search for the artistic dimension of human values at the level of language, image and rhythm among other things, aspires to elevate the level of research aesthetically, and includes discussion and responses to some critics who went so far as to claim that Majnoun Laila’s character is a legendary character that was not realistic and their argument that his poetry contains human values and feelings. It is more like a fantasy for its promotion over the real world, and sometimes even the ideal. So, the research adopts a number of scientific clues and evidence to refute those allegations that some of them made against them in terms of “knowing disagreement” only, and others thought that he was called "insane" due to a defect in his mind, so the research extrapolates linguistic texts to prove that an excess of something may be called insanity, and not just a lack of reason. The poetic technical aspects of the poet have not been neglected, as the research reveals that the poet had a prominent interest in choosing the appropriate words, movements, letters, and seas, taking into account the internal and external rhythm, to appropriately reflect the experience he is about in terms of significance, symbol, intertextuality, and care for the poetic image in its response and impact on the recipient because the artistic image is the essence of poetic expression.

The place is one of the most important elements that make up the beauty of the fictional text. The presence of the place in the fictional work is very important, as there is no story without a place. It is an element of the story and a general drive for the characters and events in the story. The writers are closely linked to the place, as Najman Yassin in this group (Junoon and the like). In this group, the place seems close to it psychologically and spiritually.
This study reveals the aesthetics of the place in the stories (Junoon and the like), which is one of the most mature narrative experiences. This study seeks to distinguish the natural places from the industrial ones that the narrator mentioned in the story and analyze them, and his impressions in the fictional text. The first topic is concerned with the natural place, including (the sky, the river, and the mountain), while the second is concerned with the industrial place (the room, the café, and the basement). The study is based on a wide range of sources and references including: "Qaala AlRawee" by Saeed Yaqteen and "Chadal Al Qiraa" by Najeeb Al-Awfi. Finally, the study is relied on the analytical study of the place in the narrative texts to reveal the artistic and aesthetic value of the place.

Submissiveness is the standing of the heart in the hands of Allah Almighty with submission, humility, and convergence to Him, and the delicacy of the heart, stillness, brokenness, and burning. Submissiveness is the extinguishing of the flames of lust, the stillness of the smoke in the breasts, the shining of the light of glorification in the heart, and the evocation of Allah's greatness, prestige, and majesty. Submissiveness is a common denominator between morals, belief, and action. They feed it with fear of Allah, so it fulfills its purpose in the soul and the heart together. Submissiveness is a legitimate meaning and a Sunni behavior, in which all submission is to Allah, Lord of the worlds. Al-Junayd said that submissiveness is the submission of hearts to the All-Knower of the Unseen. The heart is the ruler of the body, so if the heart is humbled, then the hearing, sight, face and all the organs, and what arose from them, even speech, are humbled. Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyyah - may Allah have mercy on him - believes in Majmoo’ al-Fatawa: 7/28 that humility includes two meanings: the first is humility, groveling while the second includes: stillness and tranquility. He says: “This necessitates softness of the heart, and contradicts harshness, for the heart’s submissiveness includes its servitude to Allah, and its tranquility as well, and for this reason submissiveness in prayer includes this, and this: humility and stillness.” Submissiveness is a useful knowledge that touches the heart, so it necessitates for it tranquility and fear, and concealment, humility, and refraction to Allah, and all of these are a filter from the overflow of submissiveness. On the authority of Zaid bin Arqam - may Allah be pleased with him - that the Prophet - may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him - used to say: “O Allah, I seek refuge in You from knowledge that does not benefit, and from a heart that does not submit, and from a soul that is not satisfied, and from a supplication that is not answered.” (Narrated by Muslim).

There is no doubt that the most important thing that a person possesses in this life is his religion, which Allah has bestowed upon him, Religion is like the soul to the body, just as a person cannot live without a soul, the human condition cannot be far from religion, and that the goal of preserving religion is not limited to the Islamic religion, as our distinguished scholars have stated, but it is the goal of all religions and in particular the heavenly religions. In this research, preserving is proved with the purpose of preserving religion in the Jewish and Christian religions. The sanctity of religion in each of the two laws separately was taken by following the texts in the Torah and the Gospels indicating the purpose of preserving the religion, which calls for the sincerity of monotheism to Allah Almighty, which is the greatest goal that all the messengers and prophets came with

Praise be to Allah, Lord of the worlds, and prayers and peace be upon the Master of Messengers, Muhammad, may Allah’s prayers and peace be upon him and his family and companions altogether.
This research deals with the issue of the conflict between truth and falsehood in the Holy Quran, and the story of Abraham, peace be upon him, is chosen as a model for this conflict. The research is divided into two sections. In the first section, the concept of truth and falsehood through defining truth and falsehood linguistically and idiomatically is presented, then clarifying the descriptions of truth and descriptions of falsehood in the Holy Qur’an. After that, the forms of conflict between truth and falsehood, are shown through dialogue or through fighting.

The research deals with the imperative, whether it requires immediateness or not, discussing the scholars' views, and focusing on editing the place of their disagreement about the issues related to it. then, various statements of scholars with their fundamentalist evidence and stating the objections and responses contained therein are mentioned, and the impact of this dispute on the branches of jurisprudence
One of the most prominent findings is that the disagreement in this issue results in many jurisprudent issues, including the permissibility of delaying the payment of zakat to its beneficiaries, as some said: the imperative is immediate and said that postponing the end of the year is forbidden. Others said: immediateness is not beneficial even if it is done after a while, and other issues mentioned are the subject of the research.

The current research aims to reveal the level of mastery of Arabic language teachers at the secondary stage in the methods of developing persuasive writing skills among first-year secondary students. To achieve such a goal, the research materials and tools have been prepared, which consisted of: a list of persuasive writing skills appropriate for first-year secondary students, a list of methods for developing persuasive writing skills among students, a note card for methods of developing persuasive writing skills, then make sure of the stability and validity of those tools, then choosing the study sample is among the Arabic language teachers teaching Asir in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study sample consists of (20) teachers in the first grade of secondary school. Then, the research tool has been applied. The researchers have used the descriptive approach for its relevance to the nature of the research. Then, the statistical analysis has been carried out using the SPSS program. Furthermore, the process of analyzing and interpreting the results has been carried out and followed by providing recommendations and research suggestions. The results of the study show a list of persuasive writing skills suitable for first-year secondary students, a list of methods for developing persuasive writing skills among first-year secondary students, and a low level of mastery of Arabic language teachers at the secondary level in methods of developing persuasive writing skills.

The current research aims to identify the effect of the circular house strategy on the systemic thinking of preparatory school students in the subject of geography. To achieve the goal of the research, the researcher formulated a null hypothesis, and intentionally chose a sample of female students in the fifth preparatory/literary grade from Homs Preparatory School for Girls for the academic year (2020-2021), and in a simple random way, they chose division (A) to represent the experimental group that studies using the circular house strategy, while division (B) became the control group and taught in the usual way. The research sample reached (33) students, with (17) students for the experimental group and (16) students for the control group. The researchers rewarded the two research groups with the following variables: the general average for the past year, the achievement in the geography subject for the past year, the chronological age calculated in months, the degree of intelligence, the achievement of the father, and the achievement of the mother. Both (the roundhouse strategy and the regular method).

The research aims to identify the impact of Brunner's receptive model on the development of social behaviour among kindergarten children. To achieve the goal of the research, the following hypothesis is formulated: "There is no statistically significant difference found at the level (0.05) between the average degrees of social behaviour development for the members of the experimental group and the average degrees of development of The social behaviour of the control group. The research sample, which was intentionally chosen, consisted of preschool children in Kindergarten Al-Rayahin located in the Al-Shorta neighbourhood for applying the experiment, and Al-Sanube kindergarten in Al-Arabi neighbourhood to be the control group in the city of Mosul for the academic year (2018-2019 AD). The researchers adopted random in choosing the children from each kindergarten to be a sample for their research, so, the number of children is (50) child, (25) for each group, the two researchers the experimental design which has two equal groups which have the pre and posttest. The equivalence operation is carried out in some variations, such as: (age of children by months, educational level of parents, equivalence of the two groups in sex variation, the child number in the family, and the pre-application for the social behaviour scale). For realizing the researchers' aim and hypothesis, the two researchers adopted to social behaviour scale which was prepared by (Al- Mashhadani, 201). After concluding the psychometric characters for the scale, it became consisted of (34) items ready for the final application on the basic sample. After collecting the data and analyzing it statistically by using statistical methods such as the t-test, the arithmetic mean, and the standard deviation, the results showed the following: there are statistically significant differences at the level (0.05) between the average degrees of developing social behaviour for the members of the experimental group and the average degrees of developing social behaviour for the members of the control group, in favour of the experimental group.

The research aims to identify the impact of the Montessori approach in developing the cognitive awareness of kindergarten children. To achieve this goal, the following hypotheses were formulated: The first hypothesis is "Is there a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control group in the pre-test of cognitive awareness?". The second hypothesis is "Is there a statistically significant difference for the experimental group in the pre-test and the post-test of cognitive awareness?". The third hypothesis is "Is there a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test of cognitive awareness?". The experimental method relied on choosing two random samples of kindergarten children (experimental and control) with (50) boys and girls. The cognitive awareness scale prepared by (Mahdi 2018) and based on Flavell's theory was used to measure children's cognitive awareness after its validity and reliability were verified. The data were processed based on the SPSS statistical bag, and the results showed that there is no statistically significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in the pre-test, meaning that the two groups are equivalent. There is a statistically significant difference for the experimental group in the pre and post-tests and favour of the post-application, meaning that the Montessori approach had a positive impact on developing the cognitive awareness of the research sample. There is also a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the post-test in favour of the experimental group, and this indicates the positive effect of the Montessori approach in developing the cognitive awareness of the experimental group. A number of recommendations were presented, including the application of the Montessori approach in all private and governmental Kindergartens because of its significant impact on thinking and cognitive abilities in general and the development of cognitive awareness in particular

The current research aims to know the methods of school social control in the education of Nineveh Governorate and their role in preventing school bullying in primary schools from the point of view of the teaching staff which were randomly selected. The descriptive analytical method was used, to answer the questions of the study. A questionnaire was prepared and validity and reliability were confirmed. A number of results were revealed in the following: there is no statistical significance difference at the level of significance (0.05) between the mean answers. The study sample concerning the questionnaire was dependent on the years of service variable, as the degree of statistical significance in all axes showed us greater than 5%.0.

The study aims to identify the reality of the role that secondary school female teachers play in promoting positive values among female students to achieve the requirements of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 as well as to reveal the obstacles facing secondary school female teachers in promoting positive values among female students. Furthermore, it tries to identify the ways that activate the role of secondary school female teachers in promoting values positive. The study follows the descriptive approach with a sample consisting of (80) secondary school female teachers in the city of (Al-Dawadmi), Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study adopts the questionnaire as a tool to obtain the responses of the study sample members. It has come out with the following results: the role played by secondary school teachers is significant in promoting positive values among female students to achieve the requirements of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. Also, there are significant obstacles facing secondary school teachers in promoting positive values among female students to achieve the requirements of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030. These obstacles include the absence of evaluation based on performance and a large number of female students in classrooms in crowded manner. The study concludes that there are many ways to activate the role of secondary school female teachers in promoting positive values among female students to achieve the requirements of the Kingdom’s Vision 2030. These ways include the use of modern media techniques in promoting positive values among female students. In light of the previous results, the study has recommended working on reducing the density of female students in classrooms and providing time for female teachers to promote the positive values among female students that achieve the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's 2030 Vision.

The research aims to identify the effectiveness of a training program based on visual teaching strategies in developing the recitation skills of students/teachers in the Department of Qur’an Sciences in the academic year (2021-2022). The research sample consists of (40) male and female students who have been committed to attending all sessions throughout the duration of the experiment. To achieve the goals of the research, the researchers have designed a training program based on visual teaching strategies, in which the content, concepts and definitions of the subject of recitation and a number of training plans for the sessions are organized which include (7) sessions, at a rate of one session for each week, in addition to formulating a zero hypothesis, which is: there is no statistically significant difference between the mean of the pre and posttests of the student teachers in the Department of Qur’an Sciences who have been trained according to the training program in developing recitation skills. A tool has been prepared, consisting of a test to measure recitation skills consisting of (64) items, and its apparent validity has been verified by presenting it to a group of experts and arbitrators, and after applying it to an exploratory sample consisting of (30) female students from the fourth stage in the Department of Qur’an Sciences, College of Education For girls, their psychometric characteristics have been verified, and after data collection, correction and statistical analysis using the t-test for an independent sample, the results have shown the following: There is a statistically significant difference between the pre and post-recitation test, in favour of the post-test with the highest arithmetic mean. In the light of the research results, the researchers come out with a set of conclusions, recommendations and suggestions: There is a clear effect of the training program based on visual teaching to develop the recitation skills of the students and teachers in the Department of Qur’an Sciences, and the training positions provided by the program made teaching the recitation interesting and removed the misconceptions that it depends on recitation only compared to the rest of the study subjects, in addition to that the training program and the various strategies included in it helped in identifying modern strategies that would raise the experience of male and female teachers on the one hand, and students on the other. The researchers recommended directing the attention of the teachers to the subject of recitation by choosing the appropriate teaching strategies for the students, as well as identifying the prevailing activities and requirements to clarify and facilitate the ambiguity of some concepts that may accompany the presentation of the study material because the training process is more effective when the teaching strategies match the nature of the content of the study material.

The Ikhwan Al-Safa and Khallan Al – Wafa group announced the highest ranks of exaltation; In the felid of philosophical knowledge and theological, within a purely Islamic intellectual framework, investing in the diversity of the cultures for the Arabic peoples under control of the Islamic state, they mixed between Eastern and Western civilizations, and performed it in a literary style with the utmost linguistic proficiency, and they produced many ideas that left a positive impact on the great scholars in the natural scientific field and applied sciences, such as Ibn Sina and others.

E-learning is one of the modern scientific methods that rely on scientific communication between the teacher and the student remotely via the Internet. It was present and widespread at the level of developed countries, but after the Corona pandemic, it was relied on in the study mainly for scientific communication between the teacher and students in both undergraduate and postgraduate studies.

The stability of the Arab tribes in Egypt and its cities dates back to the pre-Islamic era, and these migrations increased in the Islamic eras, starting with the liberation of Egypt in the Rashidun era, passing through the Umayyad and Abbasid eras. These migrations remained continuous to Egypt despite their separation from the Abbasids after the establishment of the Fatimid and Ayyubid states in it. Furthermore, when the Mamluk state was established on the ruins of the Ayyubids, the tribes had taken their natural position in stability due to the long period of their migration, and with Izz al-Din Aybak assuming the throne of the Sultanate in Egypt in a year ( 648 AH / 1250 AD) and the establishment of the Mamluk state. The Arab revolutions of these tribes began to break out against them in the various regions of Egypt, because they considered the Mamluks to be strangers to the country and that their original people were deserving of this rule on the one hand. They were considered slaves who had no right to rule the country and its free people on the other hand, so it was these revolutions and the reaction of the Mamluk sultans to them and their efforts which eliminate these revolutionaries and their role in changing the population map of these tribes in Egypt from what it was in previous ages. According to these changes, the study talks about their areas of distribution separately, in order to make it clear to the honorable reader to understand the political events.

This brief research was devoted to studying a topic that the researchers did not cover much, as the historical sources did not provide us with sufficient information about horses in Andalusia. The Andalusian environment had an important role in the revival of horse breeding, as the abundance of grasses, the presence of forests, the different surfaces and climate in Andalusia, and the Andalusian society’s desire to practice agriculture and animal husbandry, all of this was a motive for Andalusia to have many pastoral areas that helped in raising animals such as horses, mules and donkeys, and it flourished. The livestock boom greatly contributed to the Andalusian economy and its development. The presence of the appropriate environment and the abundance of pastures in Andalusia led to the prosperity of horse breeding and its uniqueness with special specifications and distinctive capabilities that distinguished it from the rest of the Arab horses. Its uses have varied, especially in the fields of war and combat, the preservation of the country and the control of security. It is inevitable and unavoidable, which the rulers of Spain were aware of. So, rulers imposed a severe restriction, accompanied by the imposition of a heavy tax on the trade of horses and mules, especially those entering Islamic cities, and they were keen that the horses would not fall into the hands of Muslims, for fear that they would be used for military purposes and to carry out military operations against the Christian kingdoms. The study was organized with an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion. The first topic bore the title of the Andalusian environment and its impact on horse breeding, devoted to explaining the role of the Andalusian environment in horse breeding, with reference to the types of horses and the diseases that affect them. The joints of public life and its role in peace, war, gifts and diplomatic missions. Finally, the conclusion embodies the most prominent findings of the study, relying on the descriptive historical method, and analyzing what can be analyzed.

The Levant suffered from administrative chaos and the instability of its political, security and economic conditions from the late sixteenth century until the beginning of the seventeenth century. The Ottoman authority endured a great deal of bad general conditions there because it preoccupied with its external wars on the western fronts with Austria and Spain and the eastern front with the Safavid state in Persia. This period was one of the most turbulent periods in the history of the Levant since its control in 1516 AD. The research sheds light on the nature of the Ottoman administration in the Levant, which was reflected in the general conditions there during that period.

Britain played a major role in the internal conflicts of the Arabian Gulf region in general, and the Sultanate of Muscat and Oman in particular. This was done by fueling strife and controlling the tribal leaders and sheikhs inside Oman, and in return feeding the Omani coast represented by the Sultan (Muscat), with the support of one party at the expense of The other party with the use of bribes, gifts and financial grants to both parties to achieve its goals in Muscat and Oman.

The research aims to study the image as an aesthetic value based on displacement in the two novels “Al-Aesar", " Almidhana ” and “Farba” by the novelists Imad Al-Din Khalil and Abdel Munim Al-Amir. The study deals with the image as a procedural means and as an entrance through which the researcher aspires to present a critical view of the two texts which used the image in the context of the formative structure in the narration of the text. The image appears to be the focus of representing reality in the two novels and reveals the transformations in it through the image’s ability to simulate reality, feeling of unconsciousness and the transfer of conscience. So, it becomes multiple dimensions and patterns that reflect an awareness of reality and its crises.

The Arab Islamic city formed the interest of many researchers and historians. They sought to know the political, geographical and historical conditions that were behind its establishment. The Islamic Maghreb witnessed a wide urban movement represented by the emergence and expansion of cities. This arose as a result of the political stability that Morocco witnessed and brought about a radical change in society with the emergence of many cities that paved the way for the beginning of Arab stability, and these integrated cities combine the various conditions agreed upon by the Arab Muslims. Among these cities is the city of Raqqada, one of the most important cities of the Aghlabids, which was built to serve as their headquarters instead of the city of Abbasiya (the old palace), as it was known for its distinguished location, its many orchards, and its clean air. Accordingly, the current study deals with its origin, planning, and its political, social and economic history, as well as its cultural centres represented by the House of Wisdom. Thus, the city of Raqqada represents a scientific beacon and a cultural symbol in the Near Maghreb.
Keywords, Islamic city, Raqqada, Aghlabids, House of Wisdom

The Ayyubid era witnessed great interest in religious buildings represented in mosques, scenes, schools, gorges, and grottoes. The Mamluk state followed them, but the Mamluk urban character was distinguished by delicate decorations and marble of various colours. So, Mamluk Cairo was truly a great museum. Hence, the study sheds light on the most famous religious buildings in both countries, with diligence in providing an accurate description of their distinct urban nature in showing unity and diversity in this aspect.

The aim of the research is to find out:
1- The effect of smart training on a number of physical variables of the football players of the experimental group.
2- The effect of traditional training on a number of physical variables of the football players of the control group.
3- The statistically significant differences in a number of physical variables for football players between the two post tests for the two groups (experimental and control).
The researcher hypothesized that:
1- There are statistically significant differences in a number of physical variables for football players between the pre and post tests of the experimental group.
2- There are statistically significant differences in a number of physical variables for football players between the pre and post tests of the control group.
3- There are statistically significant differences in some of the physical variables for football players between the two post tests for the two groups (experimental and control).

This study aims at:
• Preparing the psycho-social programme for increasing self-esteem of seated volleyball players,
• Identifying the effect of the psycho-social programme on increasing self-esteem of seated volleyball players, and
• Identifying the differences between the pre- and post-test of the experimental and control groups and the differences of the post-tests of the two groups in self-esteem scale.
To verify the aims of the study, the following hypotheses have been put:
• There are statistical significant differences between self-esteem pre- and post-tests of the control and experimental groups.
• There are statistical significant differences, in the degrees of self-esteem between the control and experimental groups in the post-tests.
The experimental design has been used for its suitability to the nature of the study. As for the sample of the study, it has been chosen purposefully; the experimental group is represented by the seated players in Ninevah who were (12) and the control group is represented by the seated players in Diala and who were also (12). The self-esteem scale was built and used by the researcher to collect data. Turning to the psycho-social programme, built by the researcher, it has been applied on the experimental group only. This application has been distributed on (12) sessions, (2) sessions per week. The two groups have been checked for equivalence in the variable of the study. To analyze the data, the (SPSS) statistical programme and other statistical tools have been used.

The problem of the current research arose in conducting an experimental study to reveal the effect of possession of the ball training exercises on some of the physical characteristics of young football players. To reach to an acceptable scientific explanation to solve the problem of the current study, the following question is raised: \"Does the ball possession exercises have a positive effect on the total physical characteristics under investigation?\". So, the aim of the research is to reveal the effect of the ball possession exercises on some of the physical characteristics of football players, and to reveal the significance of statistical differences in a number of the physical characteristics of the football players between the experimental and control groups in the post-test. The research community deliberately involved the players of the Bright Future Youth Football Club in Nineveh governorate for the football season (2019-2020), whose number was (30) players, and the research sample consisted of (20) players representing a percentage of (75%) of the research community, and the researchers concluded:

The importance of the research lies in adopting a modern training method that benefits the stiffness of the body. Modern exercises have been followed to increase the strength of the core muscle and the most important physical abilities of handball players.
The research aims to:
1. Prepare exercises for physical stiffness that are compatible with the capabilities of the research sample.
2. Identify the effect of physical stiffness exercises on some of the physical abilities of the research sample.
The experimental design was used, and the research sample was chosen from the players of the College of Basic Education team handball for the academic year (2019-2020) at the age of (18-20) years. The results revealed that physical strength exercises, represented by (deep training and functional exercises) have helped in the development of physical abilities, and it was recommended to adopt training according to the method of physical stiffness, as it is compatible with the performance nature of the effectiveness of handball and according to what the law allows in friction and assertive behaviour.

The aim of the research is to reveal the effectiveness of the training program based on blended learning in developing the practical performance of a number of teaching skills for physical education teachers in the city of Mosul. The researchers used the experimental method.
The research community consisted of physical education teachers who graduated from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the College of Basic Education at the University of Mosul and whose job service ranges between (10-15) years in the schools of the Nineveh Governorate Center for the academic year (2021-2022), and their number is (89) female teachers. As for the sample of the research, it consisted of (25) female teachers. The researchers relied on the design of a single experimental group with a pre-and post-test, after making sure of the homogeneity among the group members in (age in years, number of years of functional service, and practical performance of teaching skills).

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, micro-aerobic, spiral-shaped bacteria which is considered one of the main factors that lead to stomach disorders such as gastric atrophy, stomach cancer, chronic gastritis, and peptic ulcers. The present study was carried out in Nineveh Governorate, Iraq. The sample of the study included 325 participants. After conducting a series of tests to detect whether H. pylori infection is positive among the participants, it has been shown that the number of infected participants were150 (48 males and 102 females), then complete Blood Counts test have been done in order to investigate the relationship between the Component Blood Count and the infection of H. pylori.

The ionization constant of five acidic compounds derived from n-formylpiperidine was theoretically studied, and in this study, the factors affecting the pKa of ionization constant of acidic compounds derived from n-formylpyridine were found, which are represented by Vander Waals forces, energy levels, hardness, chemical potential, and spherical electrophile index through Conducting a theoretical study of these compounds using two methods of quantum mechanics for the purpose of comparison, which are semi-empirical calculations, including Austin AM1 method, and Ab-initio basic calculations, including (HF) Hartree Fock method using Chem program. Office 2008 and the extent to which these two methods are compatible with the known chemical bases was determined by discussing the theoretical variables that were calculated using the two methods mentioned above to determine which of these two methods is the best in calculating these variables and finding the relationship between the theoretically calculated physical variables with each other and determining their nature.

A simple and fast spectrophotometric method has been developed for determination of resorcinol based on the oxidative coupling reaction with terephthalic acid and in the presence of coppric sulfate as an oxidizing agent in basic medium from NaOH to form a colored product. The maximum absorption of the resulting complex at the wavelength was 440 nm, and the molar absorbance was 7486 l.mol-1. cm-1 for concentrations that followed Beer's law in the range of 0.4-18 μg. ml-1, The detection limit value was 0.55 μg. ml-1 and the quantitative limit was 1.82 μg. ml-1. and the accuracy of the method was 98.55%, while the relative standard deviation was less than 2.5% for the studied compound. It was found that resorcinol is formed with terephthalic acid in a ratio of 1:1, and the stability ratio of the formed complex was 4.844×105 (l.mol-1), which indicates the good stability of the product.

A direct simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of domperidone maleate (DOM), carvedilol (CAR), dimetindene maleate (DIM), and cinnarizine (CIN) in bluk and pharmaceutical formulations. The method was based on the formation of ion association complexes between the studied drugs and erythrosine B dye in citrate buffer solution (pH4.5), which show maximum absorbance at 555 nm for DOM or in acetate buffer solution (pH5-5.3) and measure the absorbance at 556, 556, 555 nm for CAR, DIM and CIN respectively. The method obeyed Beer,s law in the concentration range 0.5-20 µg/ml with molar absorptivity 3.70×104, 3.43×104, 2.62×104, and 3.53×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 for DOM, CAR, DIM and CIN respectively. The accuracy (average recovery) was ranged between 99.47 and 101.27% and precision (RSD%) is less than 3.04%. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of studied drugs in pharmaceutical formulations with no interferences. The results were in agood agreement with certified value, official method and standard addition procedure.

In this study, some of the ethyl carboxylate cyclohexenone compounds have been prepared which derived from the chalcone were compounds. The chalcone compounds have been prepared by reaction of cyclohexanone with substituted benzaldehyde (1-8) in an base medium, the resulting chalcones reacted with ethyl acetoacetate using (EtOH/DMF) as a solvent produce substituted cyclohexenone (9-16). The prepared compounds were characterized using physical methods, The prepared compounds were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR for some of them The antibacterial activity were evaluated of some of them.

يهدف البحث إلى دراسة تأثير نوع المفاعل (الحديد المقاوم للصدأ، النحاس، الألمنيوم، البايركس، الحديد المغلون بالقصدير، الفخار) على خصائص الكاربون المنشط المحضر من خشب شجرة الرصاص وذلك بعد إجراء عملية كربنة أولية للخشب عند درجة حرارة (350 سيليزي ) ولمدة 3 ساعات وبعد ذلك تعامل المادة المكربنة مع هيدروكسيد البوتاسيوم وبنسبة(1:1) (هيدروكسيد البوتاسيوم: المادة المكربنة)،وبعدها تتم عملية الكربنة والتنشيط عند درجة حرارة ( 550 + 25 سيليزي ) لمدة 2 ساعة وبعد ذلك تتم تنقية الكاربون المنشط المحضر في المفاعلات المختلفة ثم إجراء عملية تقييم الكاربون المنشط المحضر مثل( الرقم اليودي، صبغة المثلين الزرقاء،الكثافة الرطوبة،محتوى الرماد) ومقارنة النتائج المستحصل عليها من إستخدام المفاعلات المختلفة.

Total quality management in higher education institutions is one of the important issues at the global level in general and in the Arabic region and Iraq in particular. Where the higher education sector is the main source for creating and training human resources in all fields, it is the main hub for the development and support of societies. Therefore, attention should be paid to the quality of the performance of these institutions and their outcomes by employing one of the methods of operations research, which is the method of linear programming to maximize the quality of higher education. Such a quality has a fundamental role in providing the requirements and working methods of universities to reach advanced levels of outstanding performance, by stimulating and training their human resources and using advanced methods in scientific performance. There are many problems that delay the progress of students’ development in their college education, including the poor infrastructure of suitable classrooms, and an appropriate number of teaching staff fit with the huge number of students accepted into colleges. The second problem is the professional and educational lack in the organization of how to measure and evaluate the quality of education. The importance of the research lies in studying the topic of total quality management in higher education institutions and thus reaching recommendations for decision-makers in senior management of these institutions. The College of Administration and Economics, with its seven departments, was taken as a sample for this research, and its actual documented data from the records of the college departments were used within restrictions that have a direct impact on the quality of education depending on the infrastructure, teaching staff, employees, and success rates. The ready-made program QSB (Quantitive System For Business) was used to obtain the solution of the model and to measure the quality standards in the various departments. The results of the linear programming showed that the quality standard in the College of Administration and Economics was (38%) depending on the infrastructure, teachers, students, and employees, which is a good result compared to other variables that were not taken into account such (scientific research, community service, leadership, and organizing...).

Learning styles have gained the attention of educators specially curriculum designers due to its relation with how learners transfer information into knowledge. The present study tries to explore the learning styles of Kurd students at university level. In an attempt to find answers to the following research questions : "What are the common learning styles of Iraqi Kurd EFL learners?" and "Do Iraqi Kurd learners are able to define their styles of learning?". The study hypothesizes that English department students are visual, auditory, reading/writing and kinesthetic (hereafter VARK). It is also hypothesized that they are not able to regulate their learning styles. The results of the study have been collected by applying a questionnaire given to the sample. Furthermore, the results showed that most Iraqi Kurd EFL learners are visual and social learners that they agree with the items that are related to the above mentioned styles.

This study is about Marsha Norman’s “Night, Mother”, and “Traveler in the Dark” are two of her best-known plays and often criticized. Norman uses grotesque images in the portrayal of the plays’ incidents and characters, and the implications of gender roles found therein. Norman’s works are well known for her attention to violence committed by men upon women. This study aims to explore Norman’s treatment of gender and violence using elements of the grotesque from the psychobiological side. While much criticism of Norman’s works suggests that she uses grotesque violence to bemoan the victimization of women. My point of view is that Norman's handling of gender discloses that, irrespective of sex, individuals who fight to adapt to the prescribed roles of gender presented by society to them are grotesque and problematic.

Language syllabus is a crucial element in the educational process. It is based on a decision about the "units" of classroom activity and the "sequence" in which they are to be performed. However, the researchers see that syllabus design is neglected nowadays, and it needs more light shading on. So, in this study, the researchers present the concepts of the syllabus, then, the most influential approaches to the syllabus are accounted for. Last, the researchers shed light on the basic types of syllabi be applied in the classroom. After stating and observing the theoretical account, the researchers conclude that the syllabus concepts are very crucial area needs to focus on as it represents a guide for both the teacher and the student in the classroom setting. Moreover, there are many syllabus types with a set of concepts; each leads to a specific type of syllabus. Last, according to the approaches stated, there are six syllabus types that most educationalists agreed upon. However, in real practice, more than one type of syllabus is applied.